Mfundo ya chithandizo cha ma valve cryogenic ndi momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito m'makampani (awiri) njira yokonzekera ma valve mwatsatanetsatane

Mfundo ya chithandizo cha ma valve cryogenic ndi ntchito yake m'makampani (ziwiri) njira yokonzekera ma valve mwatsatanetsatane Njira ya chithandizo cha cryogenic idakali kumayambiriro kwa kafukufuku. Kunena zoona, njira ya cryogenic ya zitsulo zachitsulo (chitsulo ndi chitsulo) yaphunziridwa momveka bwino, pamene njira ya cryogenic ya zitsulo zopanda chitsulo ndi zipangizo zina sizimaphunziridwa mochepa, ndipo sizimveka bwino, kusanthula komwe kulipo kumachokera pa chitsulo ndi zitsulo zipangizo. Kusintha kwa microstructure kumapangitsa kulimbitsa ndi kulimba kwa workpiece. Izi makamaka zimatanthawuza kugawikana kwa ma slats oyambirira a martensite. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti martensite lattice constant asintha. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kusintha kwa microstructure kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa martensite komanso mvula yama carbides abwino. Kugwirizana kwapamwamba: Valve cryogenic treatment Mfundo ndi ntchito yake ya mafakitale (1) 2. Cryogenic treatment mechanism Njira ya chithandizo cha cryogenic idakali kumayambiriro kwa kafukufuku. Kunena zoona, njira ya cryogenic ya zitsulo zachitsulo (chitsulo ndi chitsulo) yaphunziridwa momveka bwino, pamene njira ya cryogenic ya zitsulo zopanda chitsulo ndi zipangizo zina sizimaphunziridwa mochepa, ndipo sizimveka bwino, kusanthula komwe kulipo kumachokera pa chitsulo ndi zitsulo zipangizo. 2.1 Njira ya Cryogenic ya ferrous alloy (zitsulo) Pa njira ya chithandizo cha cryogenic cha zitsulo ndi zitsulo, kafukufuku wapakhomo ndi wakunja wakhala wotsogola kwambiri komanso wozama, ndipo aliyense afika pa mgwirizano, malingaliro akuluakulu ndi awa. 2.1.1 Kugwa kwa ma carbides apamwamba kwambiri kuchokera ku martensite, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kufalikira kwapakati, kutsimikiziridwa ndi pafupifupi maphunziro onse. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti martensite ndi cryogenic pa -196 ℃ ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa voliyumu, lattice ya Fe The nthawi zonse imakhala ndi chizolowezi chochepa, motero kulimbitsa mphamvu yoyendetsa mpweya wa carbon atomu. Komabe, chifukwa kufalikira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri komanso mtunda wofalikira ndi wocheperako pakutentha kotsika, kuchuluka kwa ma ultrafine carbides omwazika amawomberedwa pamatrix a martensite. 2.1.2 Kusintha kwa otsalira austenite Pa kutentha kochepa (pansi pa Mf point), chotsalira cha austenite chimawonongeka ndikusintha kukhala martensite, chomwe chimapangitsa kuuma ndi mphamvu ya workpiece. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kuzizira kwa cryogenic kumatha kuthetseratu austenite yotsalira. Akatswiri ena adapeza kuti kuzizira kwa cryogenic kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa austenite yotsalira, koma sikungathetseretu. Amakhulupiriranso kuti kuziziritsa kwa cryogenic kumasintha mawonekedwe, kugawa ndi mawonekedwe a austenite yotsalira, yomwe imapindulitsa kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi kulimba kwachitsulo. 2.1.3 Kukonzekera kwa bungwe Kuwongolera kwa microstructure kumabweretsa kulimbikitsa ndi kulimba kwa workpiece. Izi makamaka zimatanthawuza kugawikana kwa ma slats oyambirira a martensite. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti martensite lattice constant asintha. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kusintha kwa microstructure kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa martensite komanso mvula yama carbides abwino. 2.1.4 Kupanikizika kotsalira kotsalira pamwamba Kuzizira kungayambitse kutuluka kwa pulasitiki muzowonongeka (ma micropores, kupanikizika kwamkati). Panthawi yobwezeretsanso, kupanikizika kotsalira kumapangidwa pamwamba pa zopanda kanthu, zomwe zingachepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilema ku mphamvu ya m'deralo. Kuchita bwino kwambiri ndikuwongolera kwa abrasive wear resistance. 2.1.5 Chithandizo cha cryogenic chimasamutsa pang'ono mphamvu ya kinetic ya maatomu achitsulo Pali mphamvu zonse zomwe zimamangiriza zomwe zimasunga ma atomu pafupi ndi mphamvu za kinetic zomwe zimawalekanitsa. Chithandizo cha cryogenic chimasintha pang'ono mphamvu ya kinetic pakati pa ma atomu, motero zimapangitsa kuti ma atomu agwirizane kwambiri ndikuwongolera kugonana kwachitsulo. 2.2 Cryogenic treatment mechanism of non-ferrous alloys 2.2.1 Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a cryogenic pa carbide cemented Zanenedwa kuti chithandizo cha cryogenic chikhoza kupititsa patsogolo kuuma, kusinthasintha mphamvu, mphamvu zowonongeka ndi maginito amphamvu a carbides cemented. Koma zimapangitsa permeability yake kutsika. Malinga ndi kusanthula, njira ya chithandizo cha cryogenic ndi motere: pang'ono A -- Co imasinthidwa kukhala ξ -- Co ndi chithandizo cha cryogenic, ndipo kupsinjika kwina kotsalira kumapangidwa pamtunda wosanjikiza 2.2.2 Njira yochitira chithandizo cha cryogenic pa. aloyi zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa Li Zhicao et al. anaphunzira zotsatira za cryogenic mankhwala pa microstructure ndi katundu H62 mkuwa. Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti chithandizo cha cryogenic chikhoza kuonjezera chiwerengero cha β-phase mu microstructure, chomwe chinapangitsa kuti microstructure ikhale yokhazikika, ndipo imatha kusintha kwambiri kuuma ndi mphamvu za mkuwa wa H62. Ndizothandizanso kuchepetsa mapindikidwe, kukhazikika kwa kukula komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, Cong Jilin ndi Wang Xiumin et al. wa Dalian University of Technology adaphunzira chithandizo cha cryogenic cha zida zochokera ku Cu, makamaka CuCr50 vacuum switch switch, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti chithandizo cha cryogenic chingapangitse kuti microstructure ikhale yoyengedwa bwino, ndipo panali zochitika za dialysis pamphambano wa ma aloyi awiriwa. , ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa pamwamba pa ma aloyi awiriwo. Ndizofanana ndi zochitika za carbide zomwe zimapangidwira pamalire a tirigu ndi matrix pamwamba pazitsulo zothamanga kwambiri pambuyo pa chithandizo cha cryogenic. Kuphatikiza apo, pambuyo pa chithandizo cha cryogenic, kukana kwa dzimbiri kwamagetsi a vacuum kukhudzana ndi bwino. Zotsatira zofufuza za chithandizo cha cryogenic cha electrode yamkuwa m'maiko akunja zikuwonetsa kuti madutsidwe amagetsi amakula bwino, mapindikidwe a pulasitiki a mawotchi amachepetsedwa, ndipo moyo wautumiki ukuwonjezeka pafupifupi 9 nthawi. Komabe, palibe chiphunzitso chodziwikiratu chokhudza njira ya aloyi yamkuwa, yomwe ingakhale chifukwa cha kusintha kwa aloyi yamkuwa pa kutentha kochepa, komwe kuli kofanana ndi kusintha kwa otsalira austenite ku martensite muzitsulo, ndi kukonzanso kwambewu. Koma ndondomeko yatsatanetsatane sinaganizidwebe. 2.2.3 Zotsatira ndi njira ya chithandizo cha cryogenic pa katundu wa nickel-based alloys Pali malipoti ochepa okhudza chithandizo cha cryogenic cha alloys opangidwa ndi nickel. Akuti mankhwala cryogenic akhoza kusintha plasticity wa nickel ofotokoza aloyi ndi kuchepetsa tilinazo alternating nkhawa ndende. Kufotokozera kwa olemba mabukuwa ndikuti kupsinjika maganizo kwa zinthu kumayambitsidwa ndi chithandizo cha cryogenic, ndipo ma microcracks amakula mosiyana. 2.2.4 Mmene ndi limagwirira ntchito cryogenic mankhwala pa katundu amorphous kasakaniza wazitsulo Koma zotsatira za cryogenic mankhwala pa katundu amorphous kasakaniza wazitsulo, Co57Ni10Fe5B17 wakhala anaphunzira m'mabuku, ndipo anapeza kuti cryogenic mankhwala akhoza kusintha kuvala kukana ndi makina katundu wa amorphous zipangizo. Olembawo amakhulupirira kuti chithandizo cha cryogenic chimalimbikitsa kuyika kwa zinthu zopanda maginito pamtunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwapangidwe kofanana ndi kupumula kwapangidwe panthawi ya crystallization. 2.2.5 Mmene ndi limagwirira cryogenic mankhwala pa zotayidwa ndi zotayidwa aloyi zotayidwa Aluminiyamu ndi zotayidwa aloyi cryogenic processing kafukufuku ndi hotspot mu kafukufuku wa zoweta cryogenic mankhwala m'zaka zaposachedwapa, Li Huan ndi chuan-hai jiang et al. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti chithandizo cha cryogenic chimatha kuthetsa kupsinjika kotsalira kwa aluminium silicon carbide composite zakuthupi ndikusintha modulus yake ya elasticity, mtendere Shang Guang fang-wei jin ndi ena adapeza kuti chithandizo cha cryogenic chowongolera kukhazikika kwa aluminium aloyi, kuchepetsa mapindikidwe a makina. , kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa zinthuzo, Komabe, iwo sanachite kafukufuku mwadongosolo pamakina okhudzana, koma ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kupsinjika komwe kumapangidwa ndi kutentha kumawonjezera kusasunthika kwa dislocation ndikuyambitsa. Chen Ding et al. kuchokera ku Central South University of Technology anaphunzira mwadongosolo zotsatira za chithandizo cha cryogenic pa katundu wazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Iwo adapeza chodabwitsa cha kasinthasintha wa tirigu wa aloyi a aluminiyamu chifukwa cha chithandizo cha cryogenic mu kafukufuku wawo, ndipo adapereka njira zingapo zolimbikitsira zopangira ma aluminiyamu. Malinga ndi muyezo wa GB/T1047-2005, m'mimba mwake mwadzina la valavu ndi chizindikiro chokha, chomwe chimaimiridwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa chizindikiro "DN" ndi nambala. Kukula kwadzina sikungakhale mtengo woyezera m'mimba mwake, ndipo mtengo weniweni wa valavu umatsimikiziridwa ndi miyezo yoyenera. Mtengo woyezedwa wamba (unit mm) suyenera kuchepera 95% ya mtengo wamba. Kukula kwadzina kumagawidwa mu metric system (chizindikiro: DN) ndi British system (chizindikiro: NPS). Valavu yapadziko lonse ndi metric system, ndipo valavu yaku America ndi ya Britain. Pansi pa kukankhira kwa mafakitale, kutukuka kwa mizinda, ** ndi kudalirana kwa mayiko, chiyembekezo chamakampani opanga zida za valve ku China ndi chotakata, makampani amtsogolo a valve **, zoweta, zamakono, zidzakhala tsogolo lalikulu la chitukuko cha mafakitale a valve. Kufunafuna ukadaulo wopitilira, pangani msika watsopano wamabizinesi avalavu, kuti alole mabizinesi kukhala pampikisano womwe ukuchulukirachulukira mumpikisano wama valve opopera kuti apulumuke ndi chitukuko. Mu kupanga valavu ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha thandizo luso, valavu zoweta si m'mbuyo kuposa valavu yachilendo, M'malo mwake, mankhwala ambiri mu luso ndi luso angafanane ndi mabizinesi apadziko lonse, chitukuko cha mafakitale zoweta vavu akupita patsogolo mu malangizo amakono. Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa ma valve, kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la valve kumapitilira kukula, ndipo mulingo wofananira nawo ndiwofunikira kwambiri. Zogulitsa zamakampani a valve zalowa m'nthawi yazatsopano, osati magawo azogulitsa okha omwe amafunikira kusinthidwa, kasamalidwe kamkati kabizinesi amafunikanso kuzama molingana ndi miyezo yamakampani. M'mimba mwake mwadzina ndi kuthamanga mwadzina kwa valavu GB/T1047-2005 muyezo, m'mimba mwake mwadzina la valavu ndi chizindikiro chokha, choimiridwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa chizindikiro "DN" ndi nambala, kukula mwadzina sikungakhale ** mtengo woyezera valavu m'mimba mwake, mtengo weniweni wa valavu umatchulidwa ndi miyezo yoyenera, mtengo woyezera (unit mm) sudzakhala wochepera 95% wa mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Kukula kwadzina kumagawidwa mu metric system (chizindikiro: DN) ndi British system (chizindikiro: NPS). Valavu yapadziko lonse ndi metric system, ndipo valavu yaku America ndi ya Britain. Mtengo wa metric DN uli motere: Mtengo wa DN wokondeka uli motere: DN10(nominal diameter 10mm), DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN125, DN150, DN20, DN20, DN20 S , DN3000, DN3200, DN3500, DN4000 Malinga ndi GB/ T1048-2005 muyezo, kuthamanga mwadzina valavu ndi chizindikiro, choimiridwa ndi osakaniza chizindikiro "PN" ndi nambala. Kuthamanga mwadzina (unit: Mpa Mpa) sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwerengera, osati ** mtengo weniweni wa valavu, cholinga cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuthamanga kwadzina ndikosavuta kufotokozera kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa valve, posankha. , mayunitsi opangira, mayunitsi opanga ndi mayunitsi ogwiritsira ntchito amagwirizana ndi zomwe zili pafupi ndi mfundo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukula kwadzina ndi cholinga chomwecho. Kupanikizika mwadzina kugawidwa mu European system (PN) ndi American system (> PN0.1 (nominal pressure 0.1mpa), PN0.6, PN1.0, PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63/64 , PN100/110, PN150/160, PN260, PN320, PN420 > Mawu oyambira okonzekera valavu Mtundu wa VALVE nthawi zambiri uyenera kuwonetsa mtundu wa valavu, mawonekedwe agalimoto, mawonekedwe olumikizira, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, kusindikiza pamwamba, zida zamtundu wa valavu ndi kukakamiza mwadzina ndi zina. Kukhazikika kwa ma valve ndi osavuta kupanga, kusankha ndi kugulitsa ma valve masiku ano, pali mitundu yambiri ndi zida za ma valve, ndipo dongosolo lachitsanzo la ma valve likukhala lovuta kwambiri muyezo wa kukhazikitsidwa kwachitsanzo cha valve, koma zowonjezereka sizingakwaniritse zosowa zamakampani opanga ma valve Kumene sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha valve yatsopano, wopanga aliyense akhoza kukonzekera malinga ndi zosowa zawo zimagwira ntchito pazipata valavu, valavu throttle, valavu mpira, valavu agulugufe, diaphragm valavu, valavu plunger, valavu PLUG, valavu cheke, valavu chitetezo, valavu kuchepetsa kuthamanga, misampha ndi zina zotero kwa mapaipi mafakitale. Zimaphatikizapo mtundu wa valve ndi dzina la valve. Njira yokonzekera yachitsanzo cha valavu Chotsatirachi ndi chithunzi chotsatizana cha code iliyonse mu njira yolembera yachitsanzo cha valavu: Chifaniziro cha valavu yokonzekera ndondomeko ya ndondomeko Kumvetsetsa chithunzi chakumanzere ndi sitepe yoyamba kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve. Nachi chitsanzo kuti mumvetse bwino: Mtundu wa vavu: "Z961Y-100> "Z" ndi yuniti 1; "9" ndi mayunitsi 2; "6" ndi mayunitsi 3; "1" ndi mayunitsi 4; "Y" ndi mayunitsi 5; "100" ndi mayunitsi 6 "I" ndi a Unit 7 The valavu valavu, galimoto magetsi, kugwirizana welded, mphero chipata chimodzi, carbide chisindikizo, 10Mpa kuthamanga, chrome-molybdenum zitsulo thupi zakuthupi; . Gawo 1: Khodi ya mtundu wa vavu Kwa ma valve okhala ndi ntchito zina kapena njira zina zapadera, onjezani mawu achi China pamaso pa mtundu wa valavu Kwa zilembo za zilembo, malinga ndi tebulo ili: Magawo awiri: njira yotumizira Gawo 3: Mtundu wolumikizira Gawo Lachinayi: Mtundu wamapangidwe Khodi ya mawonekedwe a valavu ya chipata Ma code a mawonekedwe a globe, throttle ndi plunger valves