Kuwunika kwa ma valve ndi masitepe osankha Mavavu alephera pang'ono zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kukonza

Kuwunika kwa ma valve ndi masitepe osankhidwa Kulephera pang'ono kwa mavavu kumayambitsa ndi kukonza Kuyesa kwa magwiridwe antchito: magwiridwe antchito a valve amaphatikiza mphamvu, kusindikiza, kukana kutulutsa, kuchitapo kanthu ndi moyo wautumiki wazinthu zisanu. Vavu mankhwala pamaso fakitale ayenera kukhala mphamvu mayeso ndi kusindikiza ntchito mayeso, kwa mavavu ena zofunika kwambiri, ayenera kukhala mu batch zitsanzo kwa otaya kukana, zochita ndi moyo utumiki mbali zitatu za mayeso ntchito, kuti valavu chitetezo kuchita kuthamanga lotseguka, kupanikizika kumbuyo. ndi kuyesa kwa kusamuka; Kwa valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kuti ayese sensitivity; Kuti msampha upangitse kuyesa kwa kusamuka... Kuwunika kwa ma valve Kuwunika kwabwino kwa fakitale kwa zinthu za valve kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi miyezo yoyenera yadziko komanso miyezo yamakampani. Ngati satifiketi yoyenera ikufunika, chonde fotokozani poyitanitsa, ndipo ndalama zoyenera zidzaperekedwa malinga ndi zomwe zayesedwa. 1 Kuyang'ana kwa fakitale kwa ma valve nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu izi: ● Onani ngati zinthu, zopanda kanthu, makina opangira ma valve amakwaniritsa zofunikira; ● Mayesero a ntchito: ntchito yaikulu ya valve imaphatikizapo mphamvu, kusindikiza, kukana kutuluka, kuchitapo kanthu ndi moyo wautumiki wa zinthu zisanu. Vavu mankhwala pamaso fakitale ayenera kukhala mphamvu mayeso ndi kusindikiza ntchito mayeso, kwa mavavu ena zofunika kwambiri, ayenera kukhala mu batch zitsanzo kwa otaya kukana, zochita ndi moyo utumiki mbali zitatu za mayeso ntchito, kuti valavu chitetezo kuchita kuthamanga lotseguka, kupanikizika kumbuyo. ndi kuyesa kwa kusamuka; Kwa valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kuti ayese sensitivity; Kuti msampha uyese kuyesa kusamuka; ● Zizindikiro zoyendera ndi zizindikiritso za utoto wopopera, kulongedza ndi zinthu zina zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira, satifiketi yazinthu ndi malangizo azinthu ndi zolemba zina zaukadaulo ndizokwanira. ● Kuwona kukula: kulamulira kukula kwa mapeto olumikiza ndi mtunda pakati pa malo. (Chithunzi 1) Mtundu wophatikizika wa valavu ya mbali ya mpira Kuyambitsa zinthu zofunika kuziyendera popanga ● Kupanga kwa Chemical Musanaponyedwe, kapangidwe ka ng'anjo iliyonse imawunikidwa ndi spectral analyzer, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhala koyenererana asanaponye ● Metallography, mechanical properties parameters, hardness. ◆ Kutentha mankhwala (austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri CF8, CF8M, CF3M ndi zina olimba njira mankhwala; Pambuyo normalizing mpweya zitsulo), kusanthula metallographic ikuchitika ndi zithunzi metallographic zatsala. Osayenerera osatembenuza dongosolo ◆ Poponya, ng'anjo iliyonse imakhala ndi mipiringidzo iwiri yoyeserera ndi zidutswa 2 zoyeserera (zokhala ndi ng'anjo zomwezo zimakhala ndi nambala yofananira ya ng'anjo yoyang'anira), pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha -- (Chithunzi 2) valavu yamagulu awiri ① Imodzi mwa ndodo zoyesera idatengedwa kuti ipange mayeso olimba ndi makina oyeserera kuti apeze zida zamakina zokhudzana ndi magawo: kulimba kwamphamvu, mphamvu zokolola, elongation, kuchepetsa dera ② Chimodzi mwa zitsanzozo chinayesedwa ndi Brinell hardness tester kuti apeze kuuma kwa HB; Ngati ndi kotheka, dulani zidutswa zoyeserera zoyeserera ndi makina oyesa mphamvu, kuti mupeze phindu (3) Ndodo yotsalira 1 ndi chipika choyesera chosungira, pamodzi ndi mayesowo zawonongeka 1 ndodo yoyeserera ndi chipika choyesera ndi ng'anjo yoyezera zinthu zopangira zida zomangirira pamodzi, zosungidwa muzitsulo zoyesera zoyeserera kwa zaka ziwiri (Chithunzi 3) chophatikizika choyikapo valavu ya mpira ● Mayeso a Electrostatic Pambuyo pa kusonkhanitsa valavu ndi musanayese kukakamiza, pouma, gwiritsani ntchito mita kuti muyese kukana 12 VDC, malinga API608 kukana ≤10 ohms (Dziwani: High-liwiro kudzera madzimadzi mkati payipi, mikangano n'zosavuta kutulutsa magetsi malo amodzi, chifukwa kutchinjiriza magetsi, mpando wofewa, monga PTFE chitoliro kutchinjiriza valavu mpira ndi valavu thupi, chifukwa m'deralo electrostatic kuwuka kapena anaikira, zosavuta kutulutsa chiopsezo ngati kuthetheka, kotero ayenera kukhala ndi mapangidwe conductive antistatic ndende chipangizo, API608 malamulo pakati vala tsinde ndi valavu thupi la kondakitala kukana ayenera kukhala zosakwana 10 Ω) mtengo wochepa makokedwe. Pambuyo pa 6Kg / cm2 kuyesa kwa mpweya wa valavu, mtengo wa torque wa valve umapezedwa ndi mita ya torsion mu malo oyera komanso opanda mafuta ● Mayesero a moyo Chilichonse chatsopano chopangidwa, kapena thupi la valve, chivundikiro cha valve, mpando wa valve, tsinde la valve ndi kulongedza bokosi kusintha kamangidwe ka mapangidwe, kapena mpando wa valve, kulongedza kusintha kwa zinthu, kudzagwiritsa ntchito makina oyesa moyo kuyesa masitepe osankha ma valve ● Makhalidwe ndi ntchito zazikulu za valve zikufotokozedwa mwachidule mu Table 11 ndi Table 12 ● M'mimba mwake mwadzina kapena kuyenda - onetsani kabukhu la opanga kuti musankhe m'mimba mwake yoyenera ya valavu ● Kuthamanga kwa valavu -- kutentha -- Onani Table 3: Kuthamanga kwachitsulo kwa vavu wamba -- tebulo la kutentha ● Fomu yotsiriza ya valve -- onani gawo lapitalo (FIG. 4) Vavu yamagulu atatu ● Mavavu opangira mavavu - kukana dzimbiri, kutentha. Onani Table 4: malire a kutentha kwa kusankha kwa zinthu za valve; Table 5: Kutentha kwa malire kwa zida zapadera za ma valve; Table 6: tebulo kukana dzimbiri zipangizo zitsulo; Tebulo 7: Mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zingatsutse kukokoloka Gawo 8: Zida zokhazikika pamipando yofewa yomwe imagwira ntchito kutentha ● Mavavu ophimba -- mtundu wosakanikirana wa mano; Mtundu wa bolted; Mtundu wowotcherera wozungulira; Chisindikizo cha Pressure; Kuphatikizika kopanda malire ● Zofunikira pakupanga kwapadera -- molingana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kutentha, malo osiyanasiyana, ndi zofunika zapadera ■ Kuteteza moto ndi kapangidwe ka anti-static. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mavavu a mpira ■ Mapangidwe owonjezera a bonati. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu firiji valavu potumiza mpweya wa liquefied ■ Kuchepetsa phokoso ndi cavitation. Makamaka pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mavavu owongolera ■ Kapangidwe kachikwama kokulirapo motsutsana ndi kutayikira. ● Njira yogwirira ntchito -- onani zingapo zomwe zafotokozedwa mugawo 1.1 pamwambapa. Nthawi zambiri okha unsembe chilengedwe, ntchito, zinthu ntchito kapena nthawi, ndi magetsi, magetsi pagalimoto chipangizo kuganizira; Koma chifukwa chachuma komanso kulimba kwa gudumu lamanja kapena chochepetsera zida, chimagwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi anthu ambiri. Table 11 Makhalidwe a valve General Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi kukonza kulephera kwa ma valve Kuyika kutayikira Choyambitsa vuto ● Kusankha zodzaza sikoyenera, ndipo sing'anga yowononga, kutentha, kuthamanga sikumasintha. ● Kulongedza unsembe si wolondola, makamaka kulongedza katundu lonse kasinthasintha, zosavuta kutulutsa kutayikira. ● Wodzaza kupitirira nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, wakhala akukalamba, kutaya kwa elasticity. ● Kusakwanira kwa mphete zonyamulira. ● Kulondola kwa tsinde kapena kutsirizitsa pamwamba sikokwanira, kapena ellipticity, kapena notch. ● Kugwira ntchito molakwika, kukakamiza kwambiri. Njira zosamalira ● Zida zodzaza ndi mtundu ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito. ● Gwirani, muzu wa koyiloyo uyenera kuyikidwa ndi kukanikizidwa mozungulira mozungulira, cholumikizira chiyenera kukhala 30 kapena 45. ● Kukalamba ndi kuwonongeka kolongedza kumayenera kusinthidwa panthawi yake. ● Filler ayenera kuikidwa molingana ndi chiwerengero cha matembenuzidwe otchulidwa. ● Tsatirani malamulo oyendetsera ntchito, kupatula mtundu wa gudumu lamanja, lokhala ndi liwiro lofanana komanso mphamvu yanthawi zonse. ● Maboliti a gland ayenera kumangika mofanana komanso mofanana. Kutayikira pa gasket chifukwa ● Gasket imalimbana ndi dzimbiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, vacuum, kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika. ● Ntchito si yosalala, kuchititsa valavu kuthamanga, kutentha kusinthasintha. ● Kupanikizika kwa gasket sikokwanira. ● Kusakaniza kosayenera kwa gasket, mphamvu yosagwirizana. ● Gasket pamwamba pake, wosakanikirana ndi zinthu zakunja. Njira zosamalira ● Zida za gasket ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito. ● Sinthani mosamala, ntchito yosalala. ● Maboti ayenera kumangika mofanana ndi symmetrically. ● Gasket msonkhano uyenera kukhala yunifolomu mphamvu, gasket saloledwa kugudubuza ndi ntchito gasket iwiri. ● Samalani poyeretsa poika ma gaskets, ndipo yeretsani malo osindikizira ndi palafini. Kutayikira pamalo osindikizira chifukwa ● Malo osindikizira ndi osafanana ndipo sangapange mzere wothina. ● Zigawo za tsinde ndi kutseka kwa malo olumikizirana atapachikidwa, molunjika kapena kuvala. ● Kupindika kwa tsinde kapena kusanganikirana sikuli kolondola, kotero kuti mbali zotsekerazo zimapindika. ● Kusankhidwa kosayenera kwa zinthu zosindikizira pamwamba, kusindikiza pamwamba pa dzimbiri, kukokoloka, kuvala. ● Kutentha ndi kutentha osati molingana ndi malamulo a ntchito, kuvala, dzimbiri, ming'alu, ndi zina zotero. Njira zosamalira ● Kusindikiza pamwamba, zida zogaya, kusankha kwa abrasive agent ndizomveka, pambuyo poyang'ana utoto, kusindikiza pamwamba popanda kulowera, ming'alu, zokanda ndi zina zolakwika. ● Pamwamba pa kugwirizana pakati pa tsinde ndi gawo lotsekera silikugwirizana ndi zofunikira, ziyenera kukonzedwa, pamwamba pake payenera kukhala ndi chilolezo cha ntchito inayake, chilolezo cha axial pakati pa phewa la tsinde ndi gawo lotseka silochepera 2. mm. ● Wongolani ndi kupindika tsinde, sinthani tsinde, mtedza wa tsinde, mbali zotsekera, khalani pa axis wamba. ● Kusankhidwa kwa kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa abrasion ndi ntchito zina zogwirizana ndi momwe ntchito yosindikizira ikuyendera. ● High kutentha valavu, pambuyo kutseka ozizira shrinkage amaoneka bwino msoko, pambuyo kutseka imeneyi ya nthawi inayake kutseka kachiwiri. ● Kudula valavu ya valve, osaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yamagetsi, kuchepetsa valavu, kutseka mbali ziyenera kukhala zotseguka kapena kutsekedwa kwathunthu, ngati pakufunika kusintha kayendedwe kapakati ndi kupanikizika, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosiyana ndi valve yochepetsera. ● Malo osindikizira omwe sangathe kusinthidwa ayenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi. Chotsekera chifukwa ● Ntchito yolakwika, kotero kuti mbali zotsekerazo zinamamatira kapena kupitirira pamwamba pa nsonga yakufa, kuwonongeka kwa mafupa kuthyoka. ● Zigawo zotsekera sizimalumikizidwa mwamphamvu, zimamasuka ndi kugwa. ● Zida zolumikizira sizili zolondola, sizingathe kupirira kuwonongeka kwa sing'anga ndi makina ovala. Njira zosamalira ● Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino, kutseka valavu sikungakhale kolimba kwambiri, tsegulani valavu silingapitirire pamwamba pakufa, valavu yotseguka mokwanira, gudumu lamanja liyenera kusinthidwa pang'ono. ● Kulumikizana pakati pa mbali zotsekera ndi tsinde kuyenera kukhala kolondola ndi kolimba, ndipo pasapezeke zigawo zobwerera ku ulusi. ● Zomangamanga zomwe zimagwirizanitsa mbali zotsekera ndi tsinde la valve ziyenera kupirira kuwonongeka kwa sing'anga, ndikukhala ndi mphamvu zamakina ndi kuvala kukana, mbali zotsekera zimagwa ngakhale kuti ndizosowa, koma ndizoopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ● Tsinde la valavu ndi mbali zake zofananira zimakhala ndi makina olondola otsika komanso chilolezo chochepa kwambiri. ● Nkhwangwa za tsinde, mtedza wa tsinde, bulaketi, chithokomiro ndi kulongedza sizili molunjika. ● Kulongedza katundu kumakhala kothina kwambiri. ● Tsinde lopindika ndi kuwonongeka. ● Ulusi sukhala waukhondo kapena wa dzimbiri, ndipo ulibe mafuta. ● Mtedza womasuka, ulusi wozembera waya. ● Kulumikizana pakati pa tsinde la valve ndi chipangizo chotumizira ndi chotayirira kapena kuwonongeka. Njira zousamalira ● Kupititsa patsogolo kachekedwe kake ndi kukonza bwino mtedza wa tsinde ndi tsinde, kuti chilolezocho chikhale choyenera. ● tsinde la msonkhano ndi zopangira, chilolezo chimakhala chokhazikika, chokhazikika, chosinthasintha. ● Kulongedza ndi kothina kwambiri, tsitsani chithokomiro bwino. ● Kupindika kwa tsinde kuyenera kukonzedwa, kovuta kuwongolera, kuyenera kusinthidwa. Gwiritsani ntchito tsinde ndi mphamvu yotseka yoyenera. ● Ulusi wa tsinde, nati nthawi zambiri umayenera kuyeretsa ndi kuthira mafuta opaka, kuti mavavu a kutentha kwambiri azipaka pini ya disulfide kapena ufa wa graphite kuti azipaka mafuta. ● Mtedza wa tsinde uyenera kukonzedwa, sungathe kukonzedwanso mu nthawi kuti usinthe. ● Pangani mafuta a nati kukhala osalala, opaka bwino, musagwiritse ntchito valavu nthawi zonse, kufufuza nthawi zonse ndi ntchito ya tsinde, zomwe zapezeka ndi kuluma, kukonzanso panthawi yake tsinde mtedza, bulaketi ndi zina zowonjezera. ● Kuti valavu igwiritse ntchito moyenera, mphamvu yotseka iyenera kukhala yoyenera kupewa kusinthika kwa tsinde ndi kuwonongeka. ● Mukatseka, valavu ikatenthedwa ndi kukulitsidwa, valavu ikatsekedwa, pakapita nthawi, tembenuzirani gudumu lamanja mozungulira pang’ono kuti tsinde lisaphedwe. , Kutayikira kwa thupi ndi boneti chifukwa ● Thupi la vavu lili ndi dzenje lamchenga kapena ming'alu. ● Mng'alu wokhazikika wa ma valve panthawi yowotcherera. Njira zowakonzera ● Malo omwe akuganiziridwa kuti mng'alu adzapukutidwa, ndi 4% nitric acid solution, monga ming'alu ingawonetsedwe. ● Fukula kapena kusintha ming’aluyo.