Kayendetsedwe ka mavavu ndi njira zodzitetezera musanayambe komanso mutatha kuyika zida zogwiritsira ntchito mafotokozedwe apakatikati

Kuwunika kwa ma valve ndi njira zodzitetezera musanayambe komanso mutatha kuika zida za valve zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera zapakatikati Kuthamanga kwa chipolopolo cha valavu ndi nthawi 1.5 ya kukakamiza kwakukulu kovomerezeka pamene valavu ili pa 20 ℃, ndipo kuyesa kusindikiza ndi 1.1 nthawi zazikulu zovomerezeka zovomerezeka. kuthamanga pamene valavu ili pa 20 ℃. Kutalika kwa mayeso sikuyenera kuchepera 5min. Kutentha kwa mayeso ndi 5 ~ 40 ℃. (4) Chitsimikizo cha valavu yachitetezo chidzakhala molingana ndi zomwe zili pamiyezo yapano ya dziko ndi zikalata zamapangidwe kuti zikhazikitse kusintha kwamphamvu ndi kuyesa kusindikiza. Valavu yachitetezo iyenera kulembedwa bwino, kusindikizidwa, kutulutsa lipoti la cheke. (1) Valavu iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti iwoneke bwino isanakhazikitsidwe, thupi la valve liyenera kukhala losasunthika, njira yotsegulira iyenera kusinthasintha, tsinde la valve liyenera kugwedezeka, kupunduka, kupanikizana, ndipo chizindikiro chiyenera kukhala chokwanira. (2) Mayeso a kuthamanga kwa chipolopolo cha valve ndi kuyesa kusindikiza kuyenera kuchitidwa, kuyesedwa kwa chipolopolo cha valve ndi kuyesa kusindikiza kuyenera kukhala madzi oyera monga mayeso a sing'anga, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zili ndi chloride ion m'madzi siziyenera kupitirira 25ppm. (3) kupanikizika kwa chipolopolo cha chipolopolo cha valve ndi nthawi 1.5 ya mphamvu yaikulu yovomerezeka yogwira ntchito pamene valavu ili pa 20 ℃, ndipo kuyesa kusindikiza ndi nthawi 1.1 ya kukakamiza kwakukulu kovomerezeka pamene valve ili pa 20 ℃. Kutalika kwa mayeso sikuyenera kuchepera 5min. Kutentha kwa mayeso ndi 5 ~ 40 ℃. (4) Chitsimikizo cha valavu yachitetezo chidzakhala molingana ndi zomwe zili pamiyezo yapano ya dziko ndi zikalata zamapangidwe kuti zikhazikitse kusintha kwamphamvu ndi kuyesa kusindikiza. Valavu yachitetezo iyenera kulembedwa bwino, kusindikizidwa, kutulutsa lipoti la cheke. Vavuzi zikugwira ntchito sing'anga kufotokoza valavu zakuthupi ntchito kufotokoza sing'anga: 1, valavu ntchito zinthu zakuthupi (1) Chitsulo (1) Gray kuponyedwa chitsulo: monga HT200, HT250, etc., oyenera PN≤16, ntchito kutentha pakati -10 ℃ ~ 100 ℃ mafuta, sing'anga madzi ambiri (madzi, nthunzi, mafuta amafuta, etc.); PN≤10, kutentha ntchito pakati -10 ℃ ~ 200 ℃ nthunzi, ambiri chikhalidwe cha mpweya, mpweya, ammonia ndi TV zina (ammonia, mowa, aldehyde, ether, ketone, ester ndi zina zosawononga TV). Sikoyenera hydrochloric acid, nitric acid ndi media zina. Koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito anaikira sulfuric asidi, chifukwa anaikira sulfuric asidi akhoza kupanga filimu oyeretsedwa pa chitsulo pamwamba kuteteza dzimbiri kutayidwa chitsulo ndi anaikira sulfuric acid. (2) malleable kuponyedwa chitsulo: monga KTH350-10, KTH450-06, etc., oyenera PN≤25, kutentha ntchito pakati -10 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ pakati nthunzi, katundu ambiri gasi ndi madzi, mafuta ndi TV zina. Kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri kumafanana ndi chitsulo chotuwira. ③ Nodular kuponyedwa chitsulo: monga QT400-15, QT450-10, etc., oyenera PN≤25 ntchito kutentha pakati -10 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ nthunzi, gasi ndi mafuta ndi TV zina. Kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri ndi kolimba, kumatha kugwira ntchito mumtundu wina wa sulfuric acid, nitric acid, mchere wa asidi. Koma osati kugonjetsedwa ndi fluoric acid, wamphamvu zamchere, hydrochloric acid ndi ferric kolorayidi otentha njira dzimbiri. Gwiritsani ntchito kupewa kutentha kwadzidzidzi, kuzizira mwadzidzidzi, apo ayi kusweka. (4) nickel cast iron: alkali kukana kuposa imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo, nodular kuponyedwa chitsulo valavu; Nickel cast iron ndi valavu yabwino yochepetsera sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid ndi caustic soda. (2) mpweya zitsulo Mpweya zitsulo ali WCA, WCB ndi WCC, oyenera nthunzi, mpweya sanali zikuwononga, mafuta ndi mankhwala okhudzana ndi TV zina ndi kutentha ntchito pakati -29 ~ 425 ℃. (3) zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri The 304 mndandanda wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zambiri zimagwira ntchito kutentha ntchito pakati -196 ℃ ~ 650 ℃ nthunzi, sanali dzimbiri gasi, mafuta ndi mankhwala okhudzana ndi TV zina; Media zowononga ndi kutentha ntchito pakati -30 ℃ ndi 200 ℃. Iwo ali kwambiri mpweya kukana, kukana nitric asidi ndi zina oxidizing TV, komanso zamchere, madzi, mchere, organic asidi ndi zina organic mankhwala dzimbiri. Koma si kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi sulfuric, asidi hydrochloric ndi zina sanali oxidizing asidi dzimbiri, komanso si kugonjetsedwa ndi kuyanika wa hydrogen kolorayidi, oxidizing kolorayidi ndi oxalic acid, asidi lactic ndi zina organic zidulo. ② Pamaziko a 304 ndi 2% ~ 3% molybdenum 316 mndandanda zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri kuli bwino kuposa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304, ndi zabwino kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha chromium mu asidi osakhala oxidizing ndi asidi otentha, kukana kwa chloride. kuposa chromium nickel chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kukana dzimbiri ndikwabwino. 321, 347 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zili ndi titaniyamu kapena niobium zimakana kwambiri kuwononga dzimbiri. ④ Muli mkulu chromium, mkulu faifi tambala 904L mndandanda zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kukana dzimbiri ndi apamwamba kuposa wamba zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi asidi sulfuric, asidi phosphoric, asidi wosanganiza, sulfite, organic acid, alkali, mchere njira, hydrogen sulfide, etc., ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakanthawi kochepa kutentha. Koma osati kugonjetsedwa ndi anaikira kapena otentha hydrochloric asidi, chonyowa fluorine, chlorine, bromine, ayodini, aqua regia dzimbiri. (4) Copper aloyi Mkuwa aloyi makamaka oyenera PN≤25, kutentha ntchito pakati -40 ℃ ~ 180 ℃ mpweya, mavavu chitoliro m'madzi a m'nyanja, ali ndi dzimbiri kukana madzi, madzi a m'nyanja, zosiyanasiyana njira mchere, zinthu organic. Ili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid ndi kusungunula hydrochloric acid popanda okosijeni kapena okosijeni, ndipo imalimbana bwino ndi alkali. Koma si kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri wa asidi nitric, anaikira sulfuric acid ndi zina oxidizing zidulo, ndipo si kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri chitsulo chosungunuka, sulfure ndi sulfide. Pewani kukhudzana ndi ammonia, zomwe zingayambitse kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri kuphulika kwa mkuwa ndi aloyi yamkuwa. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusankhidwa kwa aloyi yamkuwa, kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri kumakhala ndi kusiyana kwina. (5) Aluminiyamu aloyi Aluminiyamu aloyi ali ndi dzimbiri kukana amphamvu oxidizing anaikira nitric asidi ndipo akhoza kupirira zidulo organic ndi solvents. Koma kuchepetsa sing'anga, asidi wamphamvu, amphamvu maziko dzimbiri kukana. Aluminiyamu yoyera kwambiri ndiyomwe imatsutsana ndi dzimbiri, koma mphamvu yake imachepa ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma valve otsika kwambiri kapena ma valve linings. (6) Titaniyamu aloyi Titaniyamu aloyi makamaka oyenera PN≤25, kutentha ntchito pakati -30 ℃ ~ 316 ℃ m'nyanja, kolorayidi, oxidizing asidi, asidi organic, zamchere ndi TV zina. Titaniyamu ndi chitsulo chogwira ntchito ndipo imatha kupanga filimu ya oxide yokhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri bwino kutentha kwa firiji. Amatha madzi a m'nyanja, chloride zosiyanasiyana ndi hypochlorite, chlorine, oxidizing acid, organic acid, alkali ndi dzimbiri zina. Koma si kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi koyera kuchepetsa, monga sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid dzimbiri, koma kukana oxidizing acid dzimbiri. Valavu ya titaniyamu imalimbana bwino ndi kukokoloka kwa dzenje. Koma mu utsi wofiira nitric acid, chloride, methanol ndi zina zofalitsa zidzatulutsa kupsinjika maganizo. (7) Zirconium aloyi Zirconium ndi wa zitsulo yogwira, akhoza kupanga pafupi okusayidi filimu, ali ndi dzimbiri kukana nitric asidi, asidi chromic, alkali, wosungunuka alkali, mchere madzi, urea, madzi a m'nyanja, koma asidi hydrofluoric, anaikira. sulfuric acid, aqua regia corrosion, komanso yosagonjetsedwa ndi klorini yonyowa ndi oxidizing metal chloride corrosion. (8) Ceramics Ceramic vavu imayikidwa patsogolo ndi silicon dioxide fusion sintering, monga zirconia, alumina, silicon nitride, etc., kuwonjezera pa kukana kwambiri kuvala, kukana kutentha, ntchito yotchinga, imakhalanso ndi zowonongeka kwambiri. luso, kuwonjezera palibe mpweya fluorine asidi, asidi fluosilicic ndi alkali kugonjetsedwa, akhoza kutentha anaikira nitric asidi, asidi hydrochloric, aqua regia, mchere njira ndi zosungunulira organic monga sing'anga, zambiri zimagwira ntchito kwa PN mu mzere 6 kapena zochepa. Valavu yamtunduwu monga kugwiritsa ntchito zida zina, posankha, iyenera kuganizira kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa zida zina. (9) Pulasitiki yolimbitsidwa ndi pulasitiki Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa FRP kumasiyana ndi zomatira zake. Epoxy utomoni FRP angagwiritsidwe ntchito hydrochloric acid, asidi phosphoric, kuchepetsa sulfuric acid ndi zina zidulo organic; Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa phenolic fiber reinforced pulasitiki ndikwabwinoko. Furan FRP ili ndi kukana bwino kwa alkali, kukana kwa asidi komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera payipi ya PN≤16. (10) Pulasitiki Mavavu apulasitiki amadziwika ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri, ndipo ngakhale mavavu achitsulo sangakhale ndi zabwino zake. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito paipi ya PN≤6, yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pulasitiki, kusiyana kwake kukana dzimbiri ndikwabwino. (1) Nayiloni, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyamide, ndi thermoplastic, imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri. Imatha kukana kudzimbidwa kwa asidi wosungunuka, mchere ndi zamchere, ndipo imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa hydrocarbon, ketone, ether, ester ndi mafuta. Koma osati kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi amphamvu, oxidizing acid, phenol ndi formic acid dzimbiri. (2) POLYvinyl chloride: polyvinyl chloride ndi pulasitiki ya thermoplastic, imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri. Acid, alkali, mchere, organic kanthu. Osagonjetsedwa ndi anaikira nitric asidi, fuming sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride, ketone, halogenated, zonunkhira ndi dzimbiri zina. (3) POLYETHYLENE: polyethylene ali ndi dzimbiri kukana kwambiri, ali ndi dzimbiri kukana hydrochloric acid, kuchepetsa sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid ndi zina zidulo sanali oxidizing komanso kuchepetsa nitric asidi, alkali, mchere njira ndi zosungunulira organic kutentha firiji. Koma osati kugonjetsedwa ndi anaikira nitric asidi, asidi sulfuric ndi zina amphamvu okosijeni dzimbiri. (4) polypropylene: polypropylene ndi thermoplastic, kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri ndi kofanana ndi polyethylene, kuposa polyethylene. Iwo akhoza kupirira ambiri asidi organic, asidi inorganic, zamchere, mchere, koma anaikira nitric asidi, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorsulfonic asidi ndi amphamvu oxidizing asidi dzimbiri kukana ndi osauka. ⑤ Mapulasitiki a phenolic: mapulasitiki a phenolic amatha kupirira kuwonongeka kwa hydrochloric acid, kusungunula sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid ndi zina zopanda oxidizing, mchere. Koma osati kugonjetsedwa ndi nitric asidi, chromic asidi ndi zina amphamvu oxidizing asidi, zamchere ndi zina organic solvents dzimbiri. ⑥ Chlorinated polyether, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polychlorinated ether, ndi mzere, wonyezimira kwambiri wa thermoplastics. Ili ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, * yotsika kuposa mapulasitiki a fluorine. Iwo amatha anaikira sulfuric asidi, anaikira nitric asidi kunja kwa mitundu yonse ya asidi, zamchere, mchere ndi zambiri organic solvents dzimbiri, koma kugonjetsedwa ndi madzi klorini, fluorine, dzimbiri bromine. ⑦ Polytrifluorovinyl chloride: ndi mapulasitiki ena fluorine, ali kwambiri kukana dzimbiri ndi katundu zina, dzimbiri kukana kutsika pang'ono kuposa ptfe. Ili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa organic acid, inorganic acid, alkali, mchere komanso zosungunulira zosiyanasiyana. Zosungunulira zina zomwe zimakhala ndi ma halojeni ndi okosijeni zomwe zimawapangitsa kutupa pakatentha kwambiri. Si kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwa fluorine, fluoride, wosungunuka alkali, anaikira nitric asidi, onunkhira, fuming nitric asidi, chitsulo chosungunuka alkali zitsulo, etc. , chlorine trifluoride, oxygen trifluoride pa kutentha kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa fluorine yamadzimadzi, pafupifupi kuwonongeka konse kwa mankhwala opangira mankhwala, kuipa kwake ndikuti kumakhala kozizira. (11) Lining Chifukwa cha mphamvu yochepa ya pulasitiki, mavavu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachitsulo kupanga chipolopolo, ndi pulasitiki, mphira. Ma valve okhala ndi mizere nthawi zambiri amakhala oyenera mapaipi a PN≤16, okhala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zomangira, kukana kwake kutentha, kukana kwa dzimbiri sikufanana. Kuyika kwa pulasitiki: Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa pulasitiki ndi kofanana ndi zomwe zimayenderana ndi mapulasitiki apamwambawa. Komabe, posankha, kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma valve okhala ndi pulasitiki ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Zingwe za mphira: mphira ndi wofewa, mavavu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphira kuti athetse dzimbiri komanso kusindikiza ma valve. Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa rabala kumasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rabala. Pambuyo vulcanization zachilengedwe mphira akhoza kupirira sanali oxidizing asidi, zamchere, dzimbiri mchere, koma osati kugonjetsedwa ndi amphamvu okosijeni, monga asidi nitric, chromic acid, anaikira sulfuric acid dzimbiri, komanso si kugonjetsedwa ndi mafuta mafuta ndi zina organic solvents dzimbiri: Choncho , mphira wachilengedwe anasinthidwa pang’onopang’ono ndi mphira wopangidwa. NBR mu mphira kupanga ali wabwino kukana mafuta, koma si kugonjetsedwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni asidi, onunkhira hydrocarbon, ester, ketone, efa ndi zina amphamvu zosungunulira dzimbiri; Labala ya fluorine imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, imatha kupirira mitundu yonse ya asidi, alkali, mchere, mafuta amafuta, ma hydrocarboni, ndi zina zambiri, koma kukana kosungunulira sikuli bwino ngati mapulasitiki a fulorojeni; Rabara ya polyether ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madzi, mafuta, ammonia, alkali ndi zina. Kuwongolera: lead ndi chitsulo chogwira ntchito, koma chifukwa cha zinthu zake zofewa, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati valavu yapadera. Filimu yopangira dzimbiri ya lead ndi gawo lolimba loteteza. Ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino chosamva sulfuric acid. Ili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri mu phosphoric acid, chromic acid, carbonic acid ndi njira yosalowerera ndale, madzi a m'nyanja ndi media zina, koma siilimbana ndi dzimbiri la alkali ndi hydrochloric acid, ndipo si yoyenera kugwira ntchito muzopanga zawo.