Ongororo yezvinetso zvehunyanzvi zvinotarisana nekuiswa kwevharuvhu uye kurongedza kutsiva muchiteshi chemagetsi

Ongororo yezvinetso zvehunyanzvi zvinotarisana nekuiswa kwevharuvhu uye kurongedza kutsiva muchiteshi chemagetsi Nzvimbo yekuisa valve inofanirwa kuve yakanakira kushanda; Kunyange kana kuiswa kwacho kwakaoma kwenguva, zvakakosha kufunga nezvebasa renguva refu remuiti. Zviri nani kutora handwheel yevharuvhu nechipfuva (kazhinji 1.2 metres kubva pauriri hwekushanda), kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuvhura nekuvhara valve. Ground vharafu handwheel inofanira kusimuka, usarerekera, kuitira kudzivirira kushanda kwakashata. Ivhavha yemuchina wemadziro inoenderana nemidziyo, asiwo yekusiya nzvimbo yekuti mushandisi amire. Kuti udzivise kushanda kwedenga, kunyanya asidhi uye alkali, muchetura media, neimwe nzira haina kuchengetedzeka. Ivhavha yegedhi haifaniri kuchinjwa (kureva kuti vhiri remaoko pasi), kana zvisina kudaro iyo yepakati ichachengetwa munzvimbo yevhavha yevhavha kwenguva yakareba ... Kuiswa kwevhavha Kana valve yakasarudzwa zvakanaka, inofanira kuiswa zvakanaka, kuchengetedzwa uye kushandiswa kuwedzera kushanda kwayo. Unhu hwekuiswa kwevhavha hunobata zvakananga kushandiswa, saka kunyatsotarisisa kunofanira kubhadharwa. (1) Kutungamira uye chinzvimbo Mavharuvhu mazhinji ane kutungamira, senge globe valve, throttle valve, pressure yekudzikisa valve, cheki valve, nezvimwewo, kana ikaiswa reverse, inokanganisa mashandisiro ekushandisa uye hupenyu (senge throttle valve), kana haishande zvachose (sekumanikidza kudzikisa vharafu), kana kutokonzera njodzi (yakadai sevhavhavhavha). Mavharuvhu akazara, zviratidzo zvinotungamira pamutumbi wevharuvhu; Kana pasina, inofanira kuonekwa nenzira yakarurama maererano nemutemo wekushanda wevhavha. Ivhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhahudzana,asymmetric kuitira kuti mvura ipfuure nepachiteshi chevharuvhu kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro, kuitira kuti mvura inodzivirirwa idiki (yakatemerwa nechimiro),kuvhurika basa rekuchengetedza (nekuda kwepakati pekumanikidza kumusoro. ), mushure mekuvhara svikiro haitsikiri kurongedza, nyore kugadzirisa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero valve yepasi rose isingagone kuiswa. Mamwe mavharuvhu ane maitiro awo. Nzvimbo yekuisa valve inofanira kuva yakanakira kushanda; Kunyange kana kuiswa kwacho kwakaoma kwenguva, zvakakosha kufunga nezvebasa renguva refu remuiti. Zviri nani kutora handwheel yevharuvhu nechipfuva (kazhinji 1.2 metres kubva pauriri hwekushanda), kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuvhura nekuvhara valve. Ground vharafu handwheel inofanira kusimuka, usarerekera, kuitira kudzivirira kushanda kwakashata. Ivhavha yemuchina wemadziro inoenderana nemidziyo, asiwo yekusiya nzvimbo yekuti mushandisi amire. Kuti udzivise kushanda kwedenga, kunyanya asidhi uye alkali, muchetura media, neimwe nzira haina kuchengetedzeka. Gedhi vharafu regai reverse (kureva, ruoko vhiri pasi), zvikasadaro zvichaita kuti svikiro kuchengetwa vharafu vharafu nzvimbo kwenguva yakareba, nyore kuita ngura yehunde, uye vamwe muitiro zvinodiwa taboo. Izvo zvakanyanya kusagadzikana kushandura kurongedza panguva imwe chete. Vhura stem gedhi mavharuvhu, usaise pasi pevhu, zvikasadaro nyoro inoparadza dzinde rakashama. Simudza cheki vharafu, kuisirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti disc yakamira, kuitira kusimudza inoshanduka. Swing cheki mavharuvhu anofanirwa kuiswa ane horizontal pini shaft yekuchinjika kuchinjika. Ivhavha yekuyamura yekumanikidza inofanirwa kuiswa panzvimbo yakatwasuka pane yakachinjika pombi, uye haifanirwe kurerekera kune chero nzira. (2) Mabasa ekuvaka Kuisa uye kuvaka kunofanira kuchenjerera, usarove brittle zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nevhavha. Usati waiswa, vharuvhu inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti itarise zvakatemwa uye kuona kana paine kukuvadza, kunyanya kune stem. Uyewo shandura nguva shomanana kuti uone kana yakatsvedza, nokuti mukufambisa kwekufambisa, ** nyore kurova hunde hwevhavha. Uyewo *** marara evharuvhu. Kana vharafu ichisimudzwa, tambo haifaniri kusungirirwa paruoko rwemaoko kana kuti tsinde kuti irege kukanganisa zvikamu izvi, asi inofanira kusungirirwa kune flange. Kune pombi yakabatana nevhavha, iva nechokwadi chekuchenesa. Mhepo yakadzvanywa inogona kushandiswa kupeperetsa simbi oxide, jecha, welding slag uye mamwe marara. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana, kwete nyore nyore kukwenya chisimbiso pamusoro pevhavha, kusanganisira zvidimbu zvakakura zve sundries (zvakadai sewelding slag), asiwo kuvhara valve duku, kuitira kuti ikundikane. Isa sikuruwa vharafu, inofanira kuva chisimbiso kurongedza (shinda uye lead oiri kana ptfe mbishi zvinhu bhandi), pasuru mupombi shinda, usasvike vharafu, kuitira kuti vharafu ndangariro chigadzirwa, kukanganisa kuyerera midhiya. Paunenge uchiisa mavharuvhu ane flanged, simbisa mabhaudhi symmetrically uye zvakaenzana. Valve flanges uye pombi flanges inofanira kufanana, uye kujekesa kunonzwisisika kudzivirira kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya kana kunyange kuputika kwevhavha. Nokuda kwezvinhu zvinoputika uye simba rakaderera revhavha, kunyanya kutarisa. Ivhavha inosungirirwa nepombi inofanira kuva yakashongedzerwa kutanga, yozozarura zvizere zvikamu zvekuvhara, uye zvino yakasungirirwa kusvika pakufa. (3) Zvivako zvekudzivirira Mamwe mavharuvhu anodawo kuchengetedzwa kwekunze, inova insulation uye kutonhora. Kupisa kutsvagisa piping yehutsi dzimwe nguva kunowedzerwa kune iyo insulation layer. Ndeupi rudzi rwevhavha inofanira kuiswa insulated kana kutonhora, maererano nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. In musimboti, apo vharafu svikiro kuderedza tembiricha yakawandisa, kuchakanganisa kugadzirwa kunyatsoshanda kana chando vharafu, unofanira kuchengeta kupisa, kana kunyange kupisa; Iko vharafu yakafumura, yakashata pakugadzirwa kana kukonzera chando uye zvimwe zvakashata zviitiko, unofanirwa kuchengetedza kutonhora. Insulation zvinhu zviri asbestos, slag wool, girazi wool, perlite, diatomite, vermiculite uye zvichingodaro; Chengetedza zvinhu zvinotonhora zvine cork, perlite, furo, plastiki yekumirira. Mvura uye mavharuvhu asina kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba anofanira kusunungurwa. (4) By-passes uye zviridzwa Mamwe mavharuvhu ane bypasses uye geji mukuwedzera kune inodiwa kudzivirira. A bypass yakaiswa kuti ifambise kuchengetedza kwemusungo. Mamwe mavharuvhu akaiswawo bypass. Kuiswa kwebypass kunoenderana nemamiriro evharuvhu, kukosha uye zvinodiwa zvekugadzira. (5) Replacement of filler Stock mavharuvhu, vamwe kurongedza hakuna kunaka, uye vamwe havaenderani nekushandiswa midhiya, izvo zvinoda kutsiva kurongedza. Vagadziri vevharuvhu havagone kufunga nezve kushandiswa kwezviuru zvemayuniti akasiyana midhiya, bhokisi rekuisa rinogara rakazadzwa neyakajairwa kurongedza, asi kana uchishandisa, inofanira kurega iyo yekuzadza uye yepakati kuti igadzirise. Paunenge uchitsiva filler, dzvanya mukati uye kutenderera. Imwe neimwe mhete yekubatanidza inokodzera madhigirii 45, iyo mhete nemhete yejojo ​​inodzedzereka 180 madhigirii. Kureba kwekurongedza kunofanirwa kufunga nezvemukamuri yekuwedzera kudzvinyirira kwegland. Parizvino, chikamu chezasi chegland chinofanirwa kudzvanywa kune kudzika kwakakodzera kwekamuri yekurongedza, iyo inogona kazhinji kuva 10-20% yehupamhi hwese hwekamuri yekurongedza. Kune mavharuvhu anoda, musono Angle i30 madhigirii. Majoini ari pakati pezvindori akazununguka ne120 madhigirii. Pamusoro pekurongedza pamusoro, asi zvakare zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo, iyo rabha O ring (yakasikwa rabha kuramba kusvika 60 madhigirii Celsius isina simba alkali, butanol rabha kuramba kusvika 80 madhigirii Celsius zvigadzirwa zvemafuta, Fluorine rabha inoshingirira kune dzakasiyana siyana dzinoora media pazasi. 150 madhigirii celsius) matatu akaturikidzana polytetrafluoroethylene mhete (inoshingirira kugora media iri pazasi 200 madhigirii celsius) naironi mbiya mhete (inoshingirira ammonia, alkali pazasi 120 madhigirii celsius) uye imwe kugadzira filler. Iyo polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tepi mbishi yakaputirwa kunze kweyakajairwa asbestos coil, iyo inogona kuvandudza yekuisa chisimbiso uye kuderedza kupera kwe electrochemical yehunde. Paunenge uchidzvanya kurongedza, shandura dzinde panguva imwe chete kuti rirambe rakatenderedza uye kudzivirira kufa kwakanyanya. Simbisa gland zvakaenzana uye kwete kurereka. Kune akati wandei indekisi kuyera vharuvhu kunaka: chisimbiso kuvimbika, chiito mhinduro kugona, simba, kuoma uye upenyu, etc. The vharuvhu anoonekwa sechinhu chinokosha chikwata muhutsi hwemagetsi hurongwa, uye pane fluid-chimiro coupling vibration uye vibration control. zvinodiwa. Kuti uve nechokwadi chezviratidzo izvi, matambudziko makuru anotevera anofanira kutanga agadziriswa. 1 Kudzora (ona kuvimbika kwechiito chevharuvhu) Kutadza kwegadziriro yekudzora yevhavhavha huru uye reheat steam valve imwe yetsaona huru shanu dzeturbine, iyo inonyanya kuratidzwa mukuvhurwa kwevharuvhu haienderane nedhizaini, kusanganisira kutadza kwekutapurirana michina, kufambira mberi kwesitiroko uye lag, izvo zvinokanganisa simba uye vibration yevhavha. Valve kuvhura kutonga kunobata zvakananga mamiriro ekushanda einjini yeutsi, saka inokosheswa zvakanyanya uye yave imwe yematambudziko akanyanya mukutsvaga. Mumakore achangopfuura, mukudzidza kuvimbika kwevharuvhu, yakangwara vharafu ndiyo huru kutungamira kwekutsvaga, yakangwara vharafu ine basa rekuzvitonga mamiriro ekushanda, uye chaiyo-nguva yekuzvitonga. Chinhu chakakosha chevharuvhu yakangwara idigital positioner. Digital positioner inoshandisa microprocessor kuisa valve actuator zvakarurama, kutarisa uye kurekodha data yakakodzera yevhavha. 2 Simba (inofanira kusangana nehupenyu uye kusimba zvinodiwa) Kutanga nguva dzose kwechikwata pane simba revhavha uye hupenyu hwebasa revhavha inonyanya kuoneka, kunyanya nevhavha yekudzora ye turbine yemhepo, chinangwa chekutsvakurudza kwekare. pane dambudziko rekudzora valve, zvino zvinoratidzika kuti simba rechinetso harigoni kuregererwa. Carolann Giovando, mutevedzeri wemupepeti wemagazini yePower Engineering, anonyora kuti vaongorori havafanire kungotarisa pamatambudziko ekudzora, asi pasimba, hupenyu uye chisimbiso, izvo zvakakosha pakushanda kwevharuvhu. (1) Nekuda kwekutanga-kutanga kweyuniti, iyo yekutanga main steam valve inogona kusasangana nezvinodiwa zvitsva zvekushanda. Nekuti iyo general main steam valve yakagadzirwa zvinoenderana neyakaomeswa mutoro, iyo dhizaini maitiro chete zvinoenderana neiyo static kudzvanywa, tembiricha, creep kuongorora kwesimba rayo, hapana yakaderera kutenderera kuneta dambudziko rehupenyu. Iye zvino mamiriro ekushanda anoshanduka, kugadzirwa kwepakutanga kunogona kusasangana nezvinodiwa. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti titarise iyo yakaderera kutenderera kuneta kwehupenyu dhizaini mukugadzira dhizaini, kuitira kuti mamiriro ekugadzira aenderane nemamiriro ekushanda, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekuwedzera hupenyu. (2) Nekuda kwekusarongeka kweiyo actuator stroke control, iyo spool ine mhedzisiro mutoro pachigaro. Pakave nemagetsi emagetsi chigaro kupatsanurwa, kupatsanurwa block kwakamhanyiswa mu turbine, zvichikonzera kuderera kwakanyanya kwekubuda kweturbine, rotor kukuvara kwakanyanya kwekukanganisa. Mukuwedzera, kune mavharuvhu ekumanikidza, pamwe chete necavitation phenomenon, kukanganisa kwepakutanga kwevhavha yemuviri, muviri wevhavha mushure mekuparara kwehupenyu hwekuongorora uye kufanotaura zvakakosha kuenderera mberi nekudzidza. 3 vibration Valve kuvhura shanduko, kusashanda zvakanaka kweiyo actuator uye kudonha kwevharuvhu ndiko honzeri yekuzunguzika, kukuvara kwevibration kuvharuvhu pachayo idiki kwazvo, asi kukanganisa payuniti yese yakakura, mune yakaderera-frequency oscillation. Iyo yakaderera-frequency oscillation yeyuniti yakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri: imwe yemafuta firimu oscillation, iyo inogadzirwa nemafuta firimu inotsigira kutakura muchikwata chekukurumidza kana kusatakura-mutoro kushanda; Imwe yacho is steam oscillation, iyo yakaoma kunzwisisa kupfuura mafuta film oscillation. Inodedera pasi pechiito chesimba rekusimudzira chiutsi uye inowanzoitika mushure mekunge unit yaiswa. Shanduko yekuvhura mavharuvhu uye kuvuza ndizvo zvakakosha zvikonzero zvekupisa kwemhepo. Dhata dzinoratidza kuti United States neGermany vane steam oscillation tsaona tsaona, China yakaitikawo tsaona 50 MW uye 200 MW turbine tsaona, nekuda kwekushaikwa kweiyo chaiyo-nguva data rekodhi, saka chikonzero chekutadza hachigone kuzivikanwa, asi kunofungidzirwa kuti kuve nehukama kune maviri akaderera-frequency oscillations. Saka, kubviswa uye kuderedzwa kweutsi oscillations kwakakosha zvikuru, izvo zvinoenderana nekuongorora kwakarongeka kwekuchinja kwevharuvhu kuvhura uye masimba ekusimudzira anokonzerwa nekudonha. Iko mukana weiyo steam oscillation inogona kuderedzwa nekugadzira nemazvo vharafu yekuvhura uye yekuvhara sitiroko. 4 Kudonhedza (kudonha kwemukati uye kubuda kwekunze) (1) Kudonha hakungokonzeresa kudengenyeka, asiwo kunokonzera kusvibiswa uye kurasikirwa kwesimba. Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekudonha, kune imwe nhanho, sisitimu inogona kudzivirira vibration, asi zvakare kurebesa hupenyu hwemidziyo, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka. (2) Hupenyu hwevhavha yepamusoro-yepamusoro-soro yechikwata chepamusoro dzimwe nguva ipfupi kwazvo, uye kurongedza kunofanira kutsiviwa mushure menguva dzakawanda dzekutanga. Izvo zvinodikanwa kudzidza nyowani yekuisa chisimbiso kurongedza kana dhizaini nyowani inoshanda yekuisa chisimbiso kuti urebese hupenyu uye uvandudze kuvimbika kwekushanda kwerudzi urwu rwevhavha yepamusoro. - Parizvino, chiyero cheseti yakakwana yevhavha inoramba ichivandudza, chete kugadzirisa matambudziko ari pamusoro apa zvakanaka, kuitira kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana kwevhavha uye zviri nani zvakakwana.