Ruzivo rwekutanga rwekugadzirisa vharafu kuisirwa kunofanirwa kutarisisa kuzvinhu uye ruzivo

Ruzivo rwekutanga rwekugadzirisa vharafu yekuisa kunofanirwa kutarisisa nyaya uye ruzivo Parizvino, tekinoroji paramita yevhavha inogadzirwa munyika, caliber yemusuwo idiki kusvika 1 mm kusvika 9750 mm; Mavharuvhu ekushanda anomanikidzwa anotangira kubva ku-ultra-high vacuum 1 x10-10 MMHG kusvika ku-ultra-high pressure 14,600 atmospheres. Mavharuvhu anoshanda tembiricha anotangira -270 ℃ kusvika Ultra-yakakwirira tembiricha 1200 ℃ uye kunyange kusvika 3430 ℃. Vhuru yepakati velocity 11 times supersonic speed; Vhura nguva yekuvhura uye kuvhara ku1 / 1000 ~ 5 masekondi, kubuda kwevhavha kusvika 1 x10-10CC / yechipiri, zvinoreva nzvimbo yekudonha makore 300 gare gare isingasviki 1 CC. Yakakwana yazvino yepasirese kugadzirwa kwevhavha tekinoroji paramita, caliber yemusuwo kubva padiki kusvika 1 mm kusvika 9750 mm; Mavharuvhu ekushanda anomanikidzwa anotangira kubva ku-ultra-high vacuum 1 x10-10 MMHG kusvika ku-ultra-high pressure 14,600 atmospheres. Mavharuvhu anoshanda tembiricha anotangira -270 ℃ kusvika Ultra-yakakwirira tembiricha 1200 ℃ uye kunyange kusvika 3430 ℃. Vhuru yepakati velocity 11 times supersonic speed; Vhura nguva yekuvhura uye kuvhara ku1 / 1000 ~ 5 masekondi, kubuda kwevhavha kusvika 1 x10-10CC / yechipiri, zvinoreva nzvimbo yekudonha makore 300 gare gare isingasviki 1 CC. Mienzaniso iri pamusoro apa, kuburikidza nekuedza kwevanhu, pachava nekubudirira. Izvi zvinotevera dhayamita yezita revharuvhu, kudzvanywa kwezita, hukama pakati pesimba rekushanda uye tembiricha yekushanda, uye yakajairika svikiro. Zvimwe zvezviyero zvakakosha zvine zviyero zvenyika uye zvehushumiri. Iyo dhayamita yezita reinopinza uye yekubuda nzira yevharuvhu inonzi zita rekuti dhayamita yevharuvhu. Iyo inomiririrwa naDg (yenyika chiyero Dn yekuyedza), mumamirimita (mm). Iyo yezita dhayamita yevhavha inotsanangurwa muyero yenyika GB1074-70. Nominal dhayamita akatevedzana mavharuvhu anoratidzwa Table 1-1. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, zita rezita revhavha rinopindirana nehupamhi chaihwo. Pane chiitiko chekuti dhayamita yezita haienderane nedhayamita chaiyo yevhavha yakakandwa inoshandiswa mukudzvinyirira kwemakemikari indasitiri uye petroleum. Kudzvanywa kwezita kwevharuvhu kunonzi kudzvanywa kwezita revhavha. Iyo inoratidzirwa nePg (yeyero yenyika inoratidzirwa nePN, iyo yekumanikidza unit iri bar), uye iyo unit ndeye kg simba / cm2 (kgf/cm2). Kana Pg16 yakanyorwa pavhavha, iyo inonzi inonzi pressure yevhavha ndeye 16 kg simba / cm 2. Zita rekumanikidzika revhavha rinotsanangurwa munharaunda yenyika GB1048-70. Nominal pressure series yevhavha inoratidzwa muTable 1-2. Iyo chaiyo yekumanikidza simba revhavha inowanzove yakakura kudarika zita rekumanikidzwa kwevhavha, iyo yakagadzirirwa kufunga nezvekuchengetedza chinhu. Muyevha yevhavha yekumanikidza bvunzo, maererano neyakavimbiswa kupfuudza kudzvanywa kwezita, munzvimbo yekushanda yevharuvhu, yakanyatso kukamurwa pamusoro pekumanikidza basa, kazhinji inosarudza zvishoma pane yezita rekumanikidza kukosha. Tatu, hukama huri pakati pekushanda kwevhavhavha uye kupisa kwekushanda kwevhavha munzvimbo yekushanda yekumanikidzika kunonzi kushanda kwevhavha, iyo inoenderana nezvinhu uye kupisa kwekushanda kwepakati pevhavha. . Inoratidzirwa naP, nhamba iri mukona yezasi yekurudyi yeshoko reP ndiyo yepakati tembiricha yakakwira yakakamurwa ne10 quotient integer. Semuenzaniso, P42 inoratidza kushanda kwevhavha yepakati pane imwe tembiricha yakakwira ye425 ℃. Valve inoshanda tembiricha uye inoenderana yakanyanya kushanda kumanikidza shanduko tafura inonzi tembiricha uye kumanikidza tafura. Ona Tafura 1-3, 4, 5. Muenzaniso wekushanda: 40kg simba / cm 2 carbon steel valve mukati mekushisa kwekushanda kwe425 ℃ pane pombi, iyo yakanyanya kushanda kumanikidzika ndiyo yakawanda sei iyo yekutanga matanhatu kubva patafura 1- 3 carbon steel column, tsvaga tembiricha yekushanda ye425℃ gidhi kuti utarise pasi, wobva watarisa zita rekumanikidza koramu ye40 kg force/cm 2 grid kutarisa pasi, Nhamba iri pamharadzano yemakamuri maviri ndiyo kudzvinyirira kukuru kwekushanda kweiyi carbon steel valve P4222 kg simba / cm 2 Iyo yakajairika yepakati yevhavha chinhu chinofanirwa kutariswa mukugadzira uye kusarudzwa kwevhavha. Mabatiro e "common medium of valve" ndapota verenga sampuli yevharuvhu uye anti-corrosion bhuku pamwe nekushandiswa nekugadzirisa mavharuvhu Zivo: Kuiswa kwevhavha kunofanirwa kutarisisa nyaya uye ruzivo rwechinzvimbo chekuisa valve, chinofanira kunge chiripo. nyore kushanda: kunyange kana kuiswa kwezvinetso zvenguva pfupi, asiwo kudzora basa renguva refu revashandi. Zviri nani kuti handwheel yevhavha inopindirana nebhokisi (kazhinji 1.2 mamita kubva pauriri hwekushanda), kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuzarura nekuvhara valve. Ground valve handwheel inofanira kunge iri kumusoro, usarerekera, kuti usashande zvisina kunaka. Muchina wemadziro unoenderana nevhavha yemidziyo, asi zvakare siya nzvimbo yekuti mushandisi amire. Usati waiswa, vharuvhu inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti itarise iyo yakatarwa uye mhando uye kuona kana paine kukuvadzwa, kunyanya kune yevhavha stem. Unhu hwekuiswa kwevharuvhu hunobata zvakananga kushandiswa, saka isu tinofanira kunyatso kutarisisa. (1) Kutungamira uye chinzvimbo Mavharuvhu mazhinji ane gwara, senge globe mavharuvhu, throttle mavharuvhu, ekudzikisa mavharuvhu, cheki mavharuvhu, nezvimwewo, kana inverted inverted, zvinokanganisa mashandisiro ekushandisa uye hupenyu (senge throttle mavharuvhu), kana kwete. shanda (sekudzikisa mavharuvhu), uye kunyange kukonzera njodzi (yakadai secheki mavharuvhu). General valve, chiratidzo chekutungamira pamutumbi wevharuvhu; Kana zvisina kudaro, inofanira kuva maererano nenheyo yekushanda yevhavha, kunyatsozivikanwa. Ivhavhavhavha yevhavhavha yeglobe haina kururama kutaura kuti mvura inofanira kuregedzerwa kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro kuburikidza nevhavhavhavhavha, kuitira kuti mvura inodzivirira idiki (yakatemerwa nechimiro), vhura simba rekuchengetedza (nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwepakati. kumusoro), iyo yakavharwa svikiro haimanikidzi kurongedza, nyore kuyedza, ndosaka iyo globe valve isingakwanise kuchinjika. Mamwe mavharuvhu anewo maitiro awo. Valve installation position, inofanira kuva nyore kushanda: kunyange kana kuiswa kwezvinetso zvenguva pfupi, asiwo kudzora basa renguva refu yevashandi. Zviri nani kuti handwheel yevhavha inopindirana nebhokisi (kazhinji 1.2 mamita kubva pauriri hwekushanda), kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuzarura nekuvhara valve. Ground valve handwheel inofanira kunge iri kumusoro, usarerekera, kuti usashande zvisina kunaka. Muchina wemadziro unoenderana nevhavha yemidziyo, asi zvakare siya nzvimbo yekuti mushandisi amire. Kuti udzivise kukwirira kunyengedza, kunyanya asidhi uye alkali, muchetura media, zvikasadaro haina kuchengetedzeka. Usapidigura gedhi (kureva kuti vhiri reruoko pasi), zvikasadaro yepakati ichachengetwa munzvimbo yebhoneti kwenguva yakareba, kukukurwa kuri nyore kwedzinde, uye kune mamwe maitiro ezvinodiwa contraindicated. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutsiva iyo filler haina kunaka zvakanyanya. Vhura stem gedhi vharafu, usaise pasi pevhu, zvikasadaro nekuda kwekunyorova uye kukukurwa kwakafumurwa hunde. Simudza cheki vharafu, kuisirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti disc yakatwasuka, kuitira kuti inoshanduka inosimudza. Swing cheki mavharuvhu, kana yakaiswa kuti ive nechokwadi kuti pini sandara, kuitira kuti flexible swing. Ivhavha yekudzikisa inofanira kuiswa pahorizontal pombi, uye usarerekera kune chero nzira. (2) kuvaka homework Kuisa uye kuvaka kunofanira kungwarira, usarove vharafu yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinoputika. Usati waiswa, vharuvhu inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti itarise iyo yakatarwa uye mhando uye kuona kana paine kukuvadzwa, kunyanya kune yevhavha stem. Dzokororawo kashoma kuti uone kana yakatsveyamiswa, nekuti mukufamba kwekufambisa, zviri nyore kubhubhura hunde yevharuvhu yakakombama. Uyewo bvisa tsvina muvharuvhu. Paunenge uchisimudza valve, tambo haifaniri kusungirirwa kune handwheel kana tsinde kuti irege kukuvadza kune zvikamu izvi, inofanira kusungirirwa kune flange. Kune mavharuvhu akabatana nepombi, iva nechokwadi chekuchenesa. Mhepo yakadzvanywa inogona kushandiswa kupeperetsa simbi oxide machipisi, jecha, welding slag uye mamwe marara. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana, kwete nyore nyore kukwenya chisimbiso pamusoro pevhavha, pakati pezvimedu zvakakura zve sundries (senge welding slag), asiwo plug diki vharafu, kuitira kuti ikundikane. Paunenge uchiisa screw valve, iyo yekuisa chisimbiso (hemp nealuminium mafuta kana polytetrafluoroethylene raw material bhandi) inofanira kuputirwa patambo yepombi, usapinde muvharuvhu, kuitira kudzivirira chigadzirwa chendangariro chevhavha, inokanganisa kuyerera kwepakati. . Paunenge uchiisa mavharuvhu ane flanged, chenjerera kusimbisa mabhaudhi symmetrically uye zvakaenzana. Valve flange uye pombi flange inofanirwa kuenderana, inonzwisisika clearance, kuitira kuti udzivise kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya uye kunyange kuputika kwevhavha. Kune brittle zvinhu uye yakaderera simba mavharuvhu, kunyanya kuteerera. Mavharuvhu anofanirwa kusungirirwa nemapombi anofanirwa kuve akaiswa mavara ekutanga, ipapo zvikamu zvekuisa chisimbiso zvinofanirwa kuvhurwa zvakazara, uye zvino welded yakafa. (3) Matanho ekudzivirira Mamwe mavharuvhu anofanirwawo kuve nekudzivirirwa kwekunze, iko kuvharisa uye kutonhora. Mitsetse inopisa inopisa dzimwe nguva inowedzerwa kune insulation. Imhando ipi yevhavha inofanirwa kuve insulated kana kutonhora, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. In musimboti, apo svikiro muvharuvhu kuderedza tembiricha yakawandisa, kuchakanganisa kugadzirwa kunyatsoshanda kana chando vharafu, unofanira kuchengeta kupisa, kana kunyange kusanganisa kupisa; Kana mavharuvhu akafumurwa, anokanganisa kugadzirwa kana kukonzeresa chando uye zvimwe zvakashata zviitiko, zvinodikanwa kuchengetedza kutonhora. Insulation zvinhu ndeye asbestos, slag wool, girazi mvere, perlite, diatomite, vermiculite, nezvimwewo; Kutonhodza zvinhu zvinosanganisira cork, perlite, furo, mapurasitiki uye zvichingodaro. (4) Bypass uye chiridzwa Mamwe mavharuvhu, kuwedzera kune anodiwa ekudzivirira matanho, anewo bypass uye instrumentation. Pakaiswa nzira yokunyenyeredza. Yakanakira musungo wekuongorora. Mamwe mavharuvhu, akaiswawo nebypass. Kunyangwe kuisa bypass, zvinoenderana nemamiriro evharuvhu, kukosha uye zvinodiwa zvekugadzira. (5) kurongedza kutsiva Inventory vharafu, kumwe kurongedza hakuna kunaka, vamwe nekushandiswa kwenhau hazvienderane, izvi zvinoda kushandura kurongedza. Vagadziri vevhavha havagone kufunga nezve kushandiswa kwezviuru zvemayuniti akasiyana midhiya, stuffing bhokisi rinogara rakazadzwa neyakajairwa midzi, asi kana yashandiswa, inofanirwa kuita kuti filler ienderane nepakati. Paunenge uchitsiva filler, dzvanya mukati kutenderera nekutenderera. Imwe neimwe mhete seam kusvika 45 madhigirii yakakodzera, mhete uye mhete yakazaruka 180 madhigirii. Kureba kwekurongedza kunofanirwa kufunga nezvemukamuri kuti gland igare nhaka yekutsikirira. Parizvino, chikamu chezasi chegland chinofanira kubvumidzwa kudzvanya kamuri yekurongedza kusvika pakadzika kwakakodzera, iyo inogona kazhinji kuve 10-20% yehupamhi hwese hwekamuri yekurongedza. Kune mavharuvhu anodiwa zvakanyanya, iyo yakabatana Angle i30 madhigirii. Musono pakati pezvindori unodzika ne 120 degrees. Kuwedzera kune mafirita ari pamusoro, asiwo maererano neruzivo, kushandiswa kwerabha O-ring (yakasikwa rabha kuramba iri pasi pe60 degrees Celsius isina simba alkali, butadiene rubber resistance pazasi 80 degrees Celsius macrystals emafuta, Fluorine rubber resistance pazasi 150 degrees Celsius a. zvakasiyana-siyana zvekukukurwa kwevhu) zvimedu zvitatu zvakaturikidzana polytetrafluoroethylene mhete (kuramba pazasi 200 madhigirii akasimba ekukukurwa kwemhepo) naironi mbiya mhete (kupikisa pazasi pe120 madhigirii Celsius ammonia, alkali) uye zvimwe zvinogadzira filler. A layer ye polytetrafluoroethylene raw material tepi yakaputirwa kunze kweyakajairika asbestos disc, iyo inogona kuvandudza mhedzisiro yekuisa chisimbiso uye kuderedza kukukurwa kwe electrochemical yehunde yevharuvhu. Paunenge uchidzvanya chirungiso, kungurusa hunde yevharuvhu panguva imwe chete kuti uchengetedze avhareji yakatenderedza, uye kudzivirira kufa zvakanyanya, simbisa gland kuti iite pakati pesimba, kwete kurereka.