cast iron wafer type cheki vharafu pn16

Kubatanidza vanoita sarudzo kune network ine simba yeruzivo, vanhu uye mazano, Bloomberg inopa bhizinesi uye ruzivo rwemari, nhau nenjere pasi rose nekukurumidza uye nekururama Kubatanidza vanoita sarudzo kunetiweki ine simba yeruzivo, vanhu uye mazano, Bloomberg inopa bhizinesi uye ruzivo rwemari, Nhau uye njere pasi rose nekumhanya uye nekururama Inventor Buckminster Fuller akambotsanangura kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi se "ephemeral."Kupenya kwezuva nemhepo zviri kutsiva marasha neoiri sezvitubu zvesimba, mhando dzakakosha kumabhizinesi kupfuura zvivakwa, uye fiat currencies yakatsiva goridhe nesirivha. Saka zvinoita sezvine musoro kugumisa kuti Periodic Table—kuronga kusina kugadzikana kwezvinhu zvinooneka semhangura, iron, mercury, uye sarufa—yechinyakare uye hainei nechokuita nematapureta emaoko. kunze kwekunge zvakapesana chaizvo.Zvinhu zvichiri kukosha.Pamusi we150 wekuyeukwa kwetafura yeperiodic nenyanzvi yemakemikari yekuRussia Dmitri Mendeleev, yakakosha kudarika kare.verenga zvakawanda Masayendisiti ave kwenguva yakareba achitsvaga kurongedza zvinozivikanwa: muna 1789, Antoine Lavoisier Pakazosvika 1808, John Dalton akanga achizvinyora maererano nehuremu hweatomiki.Muna 1864, John Newlands akaronga mutemo weoctave, achitaura kuti octave yega yega yezvinhu ine zvinhu zvakafanana.Asi Dmitri Mendeleev akagadzira tafura yekufanotaura yakarongeka. Mendeleev akaberekerwa muTobolsk, Siberia, muna 1834, gotwe pavana gumi nevaviri, uye akapedza kudzidza kubva pachikoro chikuru chedzidzo muSt. purofesa paImperial University yeSt. Zvinyorwa zvaMendeleev kubva muna 1869 zvose zvakaronga nguva yemamiriro ezvinhu uye akafanotaura nzvimbo yezvinhu zvisati zvave zvisati zvazivikanwa.Nokuwanikwa kwegallium muna 1875, scandium muna 1879, uye germanium muna 1886, dzidziso iri patafura yakasimbiswa. Kugamuchirwa kwesainzi kwedzidziso idzi kwakamhanyisa kudzidza kwepasirese uye kushandiswa kwayo kwemaindasitiri nekutengeserana.Mendeleev pachake akapindira, achiongorora maitiro ane chekuita neRussia marasha, oiri uye kunyange chizi kugadzirwa panguva yeRussia inopindirana yemazuva ano. Tafura yachinja zvishoma kubva paakafa nefuruwenza muna 1907, asi sangano rayo guru rinoramba riripo. Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine kemikisi chiratidzo chebhii rimwe kana maviri, kazhinji chinobva pazita rayo rinozivikanwa, asi dzimwe nguva kubva kune mumwe mutauro, waishandiswa kugadzira. goridhe, sekuti "Au" kubva kuLatin aurum.Nhamba yeatomu inomiririra mapurotoni ari munucleus.Makuru emaatomu akajairika dzimwe nguva anopiwa kunzvimbo dzakawanda dzedesimali, nenhamba dziri mumaparenthesi kana iri isotopu yakararama kwenguva refu. Makoramu aya anoratidza zvinhu zvine makemikari akafanana.Semuyenzaniso, simbi dzealkali dzinoratidzwa mukoramu yekutanga kuruboshwe dzine erekitironi imwe chete mugoko radzo rekunze uye saka dzinowanzobatana zvakanyanya nema halogens, uye muchikamu chechipiri kurudyi, iwo vane maerekitironi manomwe mugoko rawo rokunze uye kushayikwa kuripedza kunoda erekitironi imwe chete. Iyi ndiyo nzira yatinowana nayo mishonga yakaita sodium chloride (tafura munyu) uye potassium iodide, izvo zvinobatsira kudzivirira thyroid kubva mwaranzi. Koramu yekurudyi inoratidza magasi akanaka ane magomba eerekitironi ekunze asina kusimba, izvo zvinoita kuti akawanda ezvinhu izvi zvibatsire pakuvheneka, sezvo asingasangani nezvimwe zvinhu. Mumatafura e periodic mazhinji, lanthanides neactinides zvakarongwa mumitsara pazasi kudzivirira. kuita kuti tafura isaite. Mendeleev haana kuwana zvese zvakanaka: aitenda kuti zvinhu zvaive zvakasiyana uye akaramba pfungwa yekuti zvine matombo ekuvaka akafanana.Anoitawo nyaya inokatyamadza yekuti ether chinhu.Asi dhizaini yake ndeyechokwadi, ndokusaka ari yakafunga muvambi wayo nhasi - uye nei kusvitsa kwayo makore makumi mashanu kuchipembererwa seGore Renyika Dzepasi Periodic Table.--Joanna Ozinger Kwemakumi emakore, shanduko yebhatiri rehydrogen yave iripo kwemakore 10. Asi seEuropean No. 1 electric vehicle powerhouse, Norway yagadzirira kuva muteveri mukuru wezvinhu zvakapfuma zvikuru zvenyika.Vatsigiri vanoti mafuta acho achawedzera kukwikwidzana sezvo kupiwa kwehydrogen inovandudzwa kuchikura, inova chikamu chinokosha cheramangwana rakasvibira. Chimwe chezvakakanganiswa kwenguva refu pamafuta ehydrogen ndechekuti mafuta efossil anowanzodiwa kuigadzira. Handizvo zviri kuitika papurazi remhepo reBerlevag kana kuguta rekuNorway reTrondheim, uko nyanzvi inoshandirwa neSwedish carmaker Scania AB iri kushanda pahydrogen. electrolyzers uye matangi ekuchengetera mafuta emagetsi ezuva.Iyo hydrogen unit ichagonesa boka remarori uye forklifts ari kuedzwa nemutengesi wegirosari wemuno ASKO. Parizvino, zvakadaro, maitiro etsvina ekugadzirwa kwehydrogen achiri kudhura isingasviki hafu yeanogona kushandiswazve.Iyoyo imusoro kuhurumende yeNorway, iyo inoronga kumira kutengesa mota dzakagadzirwa nemafuta panosvika 2025 uye inotarisira mota dzinosvika mazana mashanu ezviuru zvehydrogen. migwagwa yenyika mumakore mashoma.At the least, that means more electrolyzers in places like Berlevag. Kana zana remakore rechi20 raive nguva yeinjini dzinopisa mukati, zana remakore rechi21 nderemabhatiri.Mukati memakumi mashoma emakore, mabhatiri anogona kuva manyuko makuru emagetsi emotokari nemarori, uye angatove akajairika muherikoputa nendege. Vagadziri vengoro dzegorofu, mota dzemazuva ano dzemagetsi dzinogona kusvika kumhanya zvisina musoro dzichiburitsa zvinosvibisa zvishoma pane kushandisa gasi. Izvo zvakare zviri nyore kugadzira, uye mabhatiri avo anogona kushandiswazve. Vagadziri vemotokari, kubva kuGeneral Motors kuenda kuBMW, vari kushandisa mabhiriyoni emadhora pakutakura girini. .Asi kuedza uku kunouya nenjodzi dzayo dzezvakatipoteredza, uye kune kumanikidza kuri kukura kuona kuti makambani anowana zvinhu zvakakosha zvine huchenjeri.Sezvakaita indasitiri yemafuta, maEV anotarisirwa kuwira mumiteyo yakawanda yakafanana, uye zvese zviri nyore.Munyaya ino. , tinoongorora zvinhu zvakasvibirira mumabhatiri, kubva ku lithium kusvika ku cobalt kusvika kune zinc, kuti tione kuti zviziviso zvavo zvakasvibirira zvinofananidzwa sei. Yakasimba kudarika simbi, yakareruka kupfuura aruminiyamu, isingawanzowanikwi, uye ine muchetura kana ikafemerwa, beryllium inowanzochengeterwa michina yemhando yepamusoro yakaita se X-ray machine, spacecraft, nuclear reactors, uye zvombo. Asi mumakore ekuma1990, aimbova triathlete Chris Hinshaw akaona mukana wemusika: mabhasikoro.Kambani yake yeSan Jose-based, Beyond Beryllium Fabrications, inogadzira mabhasikoro anenge zana kubva musimbi.Mazhinji anogadzirwa kubva kualuminium-beryllium alloys uye anotengesa kumativi emadhora 1,900; zvombo-giredhi beryllium inotengesa mari inosvika $30 000. Vatengi vanosanganisira baseball star Pepper Davis. Makore mashomanana gare gare, Hinshaw akarega kugadzira mabhasikoro eberyllium nokuti mutengesi wake mukuru, mugodhi wekuRussia uye nzvimbo yekuchenesa, haana kuvimbika. kugadzira zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye zvinotarisirwa zvakatarwa neindasitiri yemabhasikoro,” vakadaro. Muchinyorwa chedu chaGumiguru 20, 1956, Bhizinesi Week yakafanotaura "mashandisiro matsva akawanda anonakidza" eboron, kunyanya mumafuta ejet. Makore mashoma gare gare, masayendisiti akaziva kuti mafuta anokonzerwa neboron aive ane muchetura zvakanyanya uye anowanzopisa zvinongoerekana zvaitika. Sezvineiwo isu, boron. inoramba ichiita basa mukuwedzera kwenhamba yezvimwe zvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira kuchenesa mbatya, mafetereza uye LCD skrini.Takanga takarurama pakupedzisira, kwete nokuda kwezvikonzero zvataifunga. Hapana chichachinja nzira yaunogadzira kapu yekofi, pasinei nezvinonhuwira zvenhanga.Bhinzi dzinokangwa, pasi, uye dzozoiswa mumvura kana kuti pasina kumanikidzwa.Asi mumakore achangopfuura, muga wako wekofi wakagadziridzwa zvikuru: Unflavored nitrogen. inoputirwa mukofi yakabikwa kuti iwedzere furo uye kadiki-diki kekutapira.A yakanaka nitro inotonhorera inotonhorera inoita sedoro rinoyedza rine furo rakapfava pamusoro.Maererano nenhau inonyanyozivikanwa yemavambo, kubvira kofi yekutanga yakadururwa kubva kuAustin tap kutenderera 2012 , yave chinhu chikuru chemusoro wekofi uye simba rekufambisa muchikamu chekofi ye4.1 bhiriyoni yakagadzirira-kunwa. Portland, Ore.-based national chain Stumptown Coffee Roasters Inc. yakatanga kupa doro remumagaba renitro muna 2015 mushure mekuedza shanduro.Inotengesa mamiriyoni maviri emagaba pagore uye ndicho chigadzirwa chekambani chiri kukurumidza kukura.Kutanga, mubiki mukuru weBrent Wolczynski. akati, "Maitiro acho aive DIY chaizvo. Taiisa doro rinotonhora mukegi, toirova ne nitrogen ine pressure yakanyanya, toizunza zunza.” Ikozvino maitiro acho akaenzana nekuedza kunotyisa kwesainzi: Chirongo chimwe nechimwe chakashongedzwa nekadiki epurasitiki widget inobata nitrogen gasi mukati.Kuvhura gaba rinofumura kofi kumhepo yemhepo, ichisundira nitrogen gasi kunze uye nemukofi. tuturu tunobuda paunodira. La Colombe Coffee Roasters ndeimwe mhando yepamusoro inosanganisira oxygen, iyo periodic table mate yenitrogen, mushanduro yayo.Draft lattes inogadzirwa ne nitrous oxide (N2O), komboni inozivikanwa nekuseka gasi uye inoshandiswawo kuita kuti magaba e whipped cream ararame. Ivharuvhu inoburitsa furo rinowanzo wanikwa muzvinwiwa zvinotonhora. Mafuru eN2O anogara kwenguva refu kupfuura mabhuru e nitro uye anogadzira imwe kirimu yemhando ine kutapira kwakawanda.La Colombe yakatopa patent yayo. Starbucks, rimwe zita guru munyika yekofi, yakazivisa kuti iyo nitro inotonhora brew ichave iripo munyika yose pakupera kwegore.Zvisingashamisi, zvichave zviripo mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye kupera, zvakadai se "Cascara Cold Foam". " uye imwe ine" Sweet Cream. "Kune kunyange nhanga cream inotonhora doro. Tekinoroji yekuona husiku yave yakavimbika uye yakapararira, inoshandiswa nemunhu wese kubva kuvarwi kusvika kune vanotarisa shiri.Pasinei nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwemaitiro edhijitari, kuwedzera kwechiedza kunoramba kuri iyo indasitiri chiyero.Kana mwedzi uchiratidzwa kubva muchinhu uchipinda aya mabhatiri-powered binoculars, anopfuura nepakati lens uye kupinda mumufananidzo intensifier chubhu.Photocathode inobva yashandura chiedza kuita maerekitironi, ayo anokwidziridzwa neelectron multiplier uye anongedzerwa pachikrini chephosphor kuti abudise mufananidzo unooneka.-E.Tamikin Chiedza chagara chiri nyaya huru yemutori wemifananidzo.Asi. pakati pezana remakore rechi19, basa rekutora nekugadzira chiedza rakanga rakakura. Muna 1864, hama Alfred, vanakomana veBritish chemist, vakatanga kuedza nerambi rekare rinopenya—chaizvoizvo rambi rinopfuta nesimbi. Kiyi ndiyo magnesium, simbi yakareruka kwazvo yesirivha.Panhamba 12 patafura yeperiodic, pedyo nepamusoro kuruboshwe, ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika paNyika, asi haisati yambowanikwa muchimiro chayo chakachena.Payo pachayo, magnesium inopisa. zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakajeka, uye inoburitsa mwenje usina kwayakajeka -- hapana bhuruu kana yero sheen. Hama dzakatora chicherwa chemagnesium, dzikachinyika muasidhi, dzakasanganisa nemunyu, dzakachipisa, uye dzakatora mvura yakanyungudutswa yakabuda. Wick.Akaisa moto unodzoreka uyu pedyo nekamera yake hombe yebhokisi ndokutora mufananidzo mustudio yake."Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, zvinenge zvisingaite kuti vanhu vanofa vazvivanze kubva pakhamera. Taigara takachengeteka zuva ranyura, asi kwete kwete. zvakare," mutori wenhau weLondon akanyora muThe Criterion.Nenguva isipi, vafambi vakaita saCharles Piazzi Smyth vakatora magnesium munzira kuti vatore mifananidzo yekutanga yemapako uye mukati meGreat Pyramid yeGiza. Pakazosvika makore ekuma1880, kupenya kwakange kwasvetuka kubva mubhokisi rematurusi remuongorori kuenda kubhokisi rematurusi emutori wenhau. Maererano nemishumo, Jacob Riis, mutori wemifananidzo weNew York Evening News panguva iyoyo, akaverenga chinyorwa pamusoro pemugadziri wehupfu hweGerman uye akaita “ kuchema kwakashamisa mudzimai wangu."...ndawana nzira, inoshanda, tora mifananidzo netochi.Reese akatenga pfuti inopenya - iyo yakabatidza magnesium powder mukati mepistol - ndokuenda nayo kunopfura dzimba dzine rima kuNew York. Lower East Side.Pasina magnesium, pangadai pasina mararamiro kune imwe hafu. Jessie Tarbox Beals haatorewo mapikicha emufurati, Jessie Tarbox Beals mudzidzisi akachinja mifananidzo akapfura kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 20 mukadzi asina kudomwa zita anogara pacheya yemukicheni akabata mwana mucheche asina kupfeka, achiratidza kuti haaa uye apererwa.Iye nevana vake vakanga vakatsvikinyidzana pakati pemibhedha isingaenderani, mabhasikiti eapuro akasakara, zvitofu zvesimbi, magaba, kettle nemabhodhoro nemandiro akaturikidzana mumakabhati akashama. Makarenda nemamvemve akarembera kumadziro; pasi zvese zvakasviba mataira. Pane imwe nzvimbo yati yamboona humwe hupenyu here mumakumi emakore akatevera kufa kweBeers muna 1942, kupenya kwemagnesium kwakashanduka muchimiro chete. fungidzira ndiwo dzungu rinoputika rekudhirowa kwepaparazzi pakati pezana remakore rechi20. Dan Tidwell akatanga kushanda semutori wemifananidzo mumazuva ake ekupedzisira ari munzvimbo inotaridzika. chikamu chekupedzisira chekuedza cheNASA's Apollo chirongwa.Kamera Tidwell akasarudza yakanga yakakura-fomati Graflex 4x5 ine flash hombe kurudyi."Hazvishamisi kuti girobhu iroro regirazi rinyatsoputika," akandiudza. Mune mumwe wemifananidzo yake, varume vana vakapfeka hovhorosi chena nemaheti akaomarara vakamira pamberi pechiroketi chihombe. Kurudyi, murwi wewaya, mapaipi nemabharumu zvinomonereka mumimvuri yeruvara rutema negrey. Kuruboshwe, mwenje unobatana. hovhorosi dzevarume, fuselage yakakombama yechitundumuseremusere, uye madziro eimba yokurembera achiva ndege ine bleach. Mazuva ano, kunaka kunokatyamadza uku hakuna kufarirwa zvakadaro.(Kambani imwe chete muIreland, Meggaflash, ichiri kutengesa mavhezheni ekare.) Muna Chikunguru, ndakapinda muchato mubindu rinonhuwirira jasmine muLos Angeles. muenzi wose akasimudza foni yake. shutter.Hapana kuputika kunotyisa kana utsi hwesimbi - kungoyeuka kwechiedza chinopenya chemagnesium. Ruvara rwesimbi rwakaratidzwa pabutiro reiyi nyaya iPantone 877 C, iyo inopenya mhando inobva kune aruminiyamu flakes akasanganiswa neingi. Mu hydraulic fracturing, kana hydraulic fracturing, madrillers anopomba chinonamira, gritty, viscous material pasi pekumanikidzwa kupinda mutsime, iro rinopwanya dombo riri pazasi uye rinoburitsa zvakavharirwa mafuta negasi deposits. Machanera anokonzerwa anochengetwa akavhurika achishandisa "proppant" zvidimbu zvakamiswa mu fracturing fluid.Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ijecha. Fracking ndiye mutengi mukuru wejecha reUS. Kwete jecha ripi zvaro richaita: Majecha emhando yepamusoro ane tsanga dzakaurungana, dzakafanana uye dzine silica yakawanda, zvichiita kuti dziome zvekukwanisa kushingirira kubatwa pakati pematombo makuru. "The boom in US hydrocarbon production zvinoenderana nekuchera mamiriyoni ematani ejecha,” rinodaro bhurocha rakabva kumutengesi weHi-Crush Inc., “uye kuridzosera muvhu.” Majecha akanyanya kunaka efrac anobva kuMidwest Midwest.Northern White neOttawa White anokosheswa nekusava netsvina.Zvitima zvekutakura zvinhu nemagwa anotakura jecha kumaodzanyemba kuPermian Basin uye kumabvazuva kuMarcellus Shale.Sezvo indasitiri yakura, vanochera kuyedza kudzikisira mitengo yezvifambiso vakatendeudzira kutarisa kwavo kunzvimbo dzekutsemuka, vachichera muurombo hwejecha reOklahoma nekuchera madutu eWest Texas. Mbeu nezvinotakura zvinotora jecha kubva mumakomba asina kudzika. Tsanga dzacho dzinogezwa, dzorongwa nekukura kuburikidza nemasefa nemacentrifuge, dzoomeswa mumadhiramu. Dzimwe nguva jecha rinoputirwa neresin kuti risimbe. Vacheri vanochengeta jecha pa-site mumasirosi kana zvimwe midziyo. Kana richidiwa, rinosanganiswa nemvura, makemikari uye zvikobvu zvakadai seguar gum mumusanganisi mukuru wakasungirirwa murori uye pombi yakadzika pasi. Kubva payakagadzirwa muna 1909, fetereza yabatsira nyika kudya.Asi kukuvadzwa kwayo panyika kuri kuramba kuchityisa.Varimi vepa Stone Barns Food and Agriculture Centre muTarrytown, NY, vari kutungamira mukugadzirwa kwe ecological fertilization.Pamaeka anodarika mazana mana ivhu rakapihwa nemhuri yeRockefeller, mombe, makwai, mbudzi, nguruve nehuku dzinotenderedza mbesa pamafuro akasiyana, uye manyowa adzo ndiwo anowanisa fetereza huru.Mukuru wepurazi reStone Barns, VaJack Algiere vakati phosphorus, chinhu chikuru mundove yemhuka, chimwe chezvinhu zvakanyatsotariswa pane pfuma.Anoitumidza kuti steroid yemiti yemiti - yakasanganiswa ne nitrogen uye potassium, inogona kushandura zucchini inozvininipisa kuva muenzaniso unoshamisa. Dan Barber, shefu uye muridzi weimwe nzvimbo yeBlue Hill paStone Barns restaurant, anoda kuratidza kuti varimi vanogona kuramba vachiwana pundutso kana vakasiya chavanodaidza kuti "kudya kwavo kwekudya kunovaka muviri" nezvinhu zvakaita sephosphorus nenitrogen. zvakawanda zvechinhu chipi nechipi, phosphorus yakawandisa inokuvadza.Fetereza-yakatakura mvura inoyerera inokuvadza nzira dzemvura nekukurudzira kuwandisa kwealgae nemasora. Westchester County, uko Stone Barn iripo, yakarambidza kutengeserana phosphate fertilizer nekuda kwekutyisidzira kwainoita kune ecology yeHudson River.Nechisikigo inotorwa phosphorus haina kunyungudika - uye haina kurambidzwa - saka Stone Barns yakajeka. Pane imwe nguva - 2017 - apo Brexit yakaita seyakarembera pamusoro pehuku dzakashambidzwa neklorini. Tsika yekudzivirira inorambidzwa muEurope asi yakajairika muUnited States, iyo yakasimbirira kuti haisi kuzosaina chibvumirano chekutengeserana ne post-EU Britain iyo. haisanganisi huku dzayo.Makore maviri gare gare, mutungamiriri wehurumende, uye gare gare hapana Brexit, iyo inogona kusvika yeshiri dzine chlorinated ichiri kutsamwisa "vasara". Kuedza kweUS kusiyanisa kugovera kwayo kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi (REEs) kwakatungamira kune isingafungidzirwe sosi: marasha. Chirongwa chakatangwa muna 2014 chine chinangwa chekubvisa United States kubva pakutsamira kwayo kuChina, sezvo gumi nemanomwe zvicherwa zvakaoma-ku-mugodhi zvakakosha. kune zvakawanda zvekushandisa zvepamusoro-soro, kusanganisira zvombo. "Mafungiro edu anhasi ndeokuti kana kukwirira kweREE kutorwa kwepamusoro kunowanikwa, pachava nehupfumi hwemarasha hwepamba hunokwana kuzadzisa zvinodiwa neUS," akadaro Mary Anne Alvin, DOE technical maneja weREEs. Mapurojekiti makumi maviri nemaviri anovimba nemigodhi yemarasha aripo uye kushandiswa uye hazvizokonzere kuwedzera kukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza, maneja akadaro. chinhu, chichabatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Aya mapurojekiti maviri pamagumo akasiyana ekugadzirwa kwemarasha. Iyo purojekiti ine chinangwa chekutora maREE kubva kune lignite, yakaderera-giredhi marasha.Zviri nyore kubvisa kubva kune lignite pane kubva kumarasha epamusoro-giredhi, akadaro Nolan Theaker, mutungamiri wehunyanzvi hweprojekiti kuYunivhesiti yeNorth Dakota.Sekureva kwaTheaker, iyo prototype process. pulverizes, screens uye makemikari anobata 44 pounds ye lignite paawa kuti ibudise chikamu chetatu chearensi yepasi oxide chigadzirwa - inenge 1 / 100th mari inodiwa pamotokari yemotokari yemagetsi. awa, aine mutyairi akarongerwa 2023, akadaro. Chakanakira kubviswa pakupera kwegadziriro yacho ndechekuti kuwanda kweREE mumadota emarasha kwakapetwa ka6 kusvika kugumi pane marasha asina kupiswa, akadaro Prakash Joshi, aimbova mukuru weAndover, Mass.-based Physical Sciences Inc..Mutyairi weprojekiti. chirimwa, chinofanira kupedzwa muna 2020, chichageza girazi rine REE kubva pahafu yetani yemadota pazuva kubva pamagetsi emagetsi muFord, Kentucky, uye wozoshandisa kemikari kugadzira anosvika gumi nematanhatu maonzi echinhu chakaoma chine pa. zvishoma 20% Scandium uye Yttrium zvinhu. Zvechokwadi, Silicon Valley inowana zita rayo kubva kuchikamu chegumi nechina, nheyo yekuvaka yekombiyuta chips.Mumazuva ekutanga ekombiyuta, zvikamu zvitatu zvechip-chipfu kana substrate; ma transistors akaturikidzana pamusoro; uye waya dzinobatanidza kubhodhi redunhu-inoda zvishoma zvishoma zvezvikamu.Nhasi, chipmakers vanoshandisa chidimbu chikuru chetafura yeperiodic.-E.Tamikin "Titanium yakasimba kudarika simbi pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye yakatumidzwa zita reTitan. mungano dzechiGiriki,” inodaro nyanzvi yesayenzi Bill Nye." Ndiyo simbi vanhu vanoda kubatana nayo -- ndosaka, sekuburitswa kwaNyamavhuvhu kweApple Card kwakaratidza, titanium ndiyo "iyo" zvinhu zvemakadhi echikwereti.Kunyangwe zvakadaro, vhezheni yelaser-etched kubva kuApple Inc. makadhi esimbi nzvimbo.Ongororo saiti yeChikwereti Kadhi Insider inoverengera zvigadzirwa makumi maviri nezviviri pamusika, uye makambani anozviti zvinogadzirwa kubva kune titanium, simbi isina tsvina (kureva simbi, kabhoni uye chrome) uye kunyange 24K goridhe. Pasinei nechido, vashoma vakasundidzira zvechokwadi miganhu yesimbi.JPMorgan Chase & Co. yakagamuchira kutaurwa kunoremekedzwa nokuda kwekadhi rayo reJP Morgan Reserve - rakafanana nekadhi repalladium, asi rakagadzirwa nesimbi yeplatinum.Mamwe makambani angafunga nezve: kutendeuka kwezana ramakore idzva, Henry Ford, indasitiri yemotokari yakakundikana kaviri ichitsvaka kubudirira kwechitatu, yakanga ine pfungwa yerudzi rutsva rwemotokari. Mienzaniso yapakuvamba yaibata nemigwagwa yakashata yezuva racho nokurema kukuru, uye yaidhura kugadzira. uye tenga."Chinonyanya kudiwa mazuva ano," Ford yakanyora kudaro muna 1906, "motokari yakareruka, ine mutengo wakaderera."