Gedhi vharafu mbishi zvinhu Valve muviri zvinhu Carbon simbi gedhi vharafu mbishi zvinhu simbi annealing

Gedhi vharafu mbishi zvinhu Valve muviri zvinhu Carbon simbi gedhi vharafu zvinhu mbishi simbi annealing Inogona kushandiswa kwete-kuora zvinhu, mune mamwe mamiriro akakosha senge mune humwe huwandu hwetembiricha, ukoshi hwekukosha nharaunda, inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinoparadza. Inowanikwa tembiricha -29 ~ 425 ℃. Muviri wevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavwayesuwo) zvinotaridzika zvakanyanya kuoma,saka kushandiswa kwakawanda kwezvikamu zvekukanda. Chete mamwe mavharuvhu ecaliber kana mavharuvhu egedhi ane akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda mamiriro anoshandisa simbi yakakandwa. Yakawanda yemuviri wevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavwavwaiwe)rinotaridzika kuomarara,saka kushandiswa kwakawanda kwekukanda zvikamu. Chete mamwe mavharuvhu ecaliber kana mavharuvhu egedhi ane akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda mamiriro anoshandisa simbi yakakandwa. Carbon simbi Inogona kushandiswa kuzvinhu zvisingaparadze, mune mamwe mamiriro akakosha senge mune imwe tambo yekushisa, kukosha kwenzvimbo, inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinokuvadza. Inowanikwa tembiricha -29 ~ 425 ℃ Carbon cast simbi zvikamu Parizvino, chiyero chekushandisa chinoshandiswa munyika yedu GB12229 -- 89 "General valve, kabhoni simbi yekukanda Technical Conditions", chinyorwa chemhando iWCA, WCB, WCC. Iyo chiyero inoenderana neyekunze zvinhu zvekuyedza sangano chiyero ASTMA216-77 "yakakwirira tembiricha fusible kabhoni simbi Castings standard yakatarwa". Iyo chiyero yakagadziridzwa kanokwana kaviri, asi yangu GB12229-89 ichiri kushandiswa, uye iyo nyowani vhezheni yandinoona padanho razvino ndeye Astma216-2001. Iyo yakasiyana neAstma 216-77 (kureva, kubva GB12229-89) munzira nhatu. A: Izvo zvinodiwa muna 2001 zvakawedzera chinodiwa cheWCB simbi, ndiko kuti, kune yega yega 0.01% kuderedzwa kweiyo yakakura kwazvo kabhoni inogumira kukosha, iyo yakakura kwazvo magnesium muganho kukosha inogona kuwedzerwa ne0.04% kusvika iyo yakanyanya kukosha iri 1.28%. B: The sundries Cu yeWCA, WCB neWCC mienzaniso: 0.50% mu77, yakagadziridzwa kusvika 0.30% mu2001; Cr: 0.40% mu77 uye 0.50% muna 2001; Mo: Yaive 0.25% mu'77 uye 0.20% muna 2001. C: The residue element synthesis inofanira kuva isingasviki kana kuenzana ne1.0%. Muna 2001, kana paine kabhoni yakaenzana chiyero, iyi clause haina kukodzera, uye iyo yakawanda kabhoni yakaenzana nemhando nhatu inodiwa kuve 0.5 uye kabhoni yakaenzana calculation formula. Q&A A: Inokodzera kukanda zvikamu zvinofanirwa kuve zvinokodzera mune organic makemikari kuumbwa, zvimiro zvemichina, uye kusangana nezvinodiwa, kunyanya yakasara element manipulation, zvikasadaro zvinokuvadza kuita kwewelding. B: Iyo organic chemikemikari inotsanangurwa mukodhi ichiri yakanyanya. Kuti uwane yakanaka welding kuita uye kuzadzisa inodiwa dhizaini mechanicha zvivakwa, zvinodikanwa kumisikidza iyo yemukati yekudzora zviyero zvezvikamu uye kuita iyo chaiyo yekupisa yekupisa maitiro ezvikamu zvekukanda uye tsvimbo dzekuyedza. Zvikasadaro, kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwezvisina kukodzera kukanda zvikamu. Semuyenzaniso, WCB simbi kabhoni yemukati yakajairwa ≤0.3%, kana iyo inonyungudutsa WCB simbi kabhoni yemukati ye0.1% kana yakadzikira kubva kuumbwa kuti uone inokodzera, asi iyo dhizaini michini yezvivakwa haizadzise zvinodiwa. Carbon content kana yakaenzana ne0.3% zvakare inokwanisa asi welding properties Yakashata, carbon control kusvika 0.25% ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera. Unoda kuve "yekupinda nekubuda," vamwe vanoisa mari vanoisa pachena pamberi pekabhoni kutonga mitemo. C: Zvikamu zvetembiricha zvine chekuita nekabhoni simbi mavharuvhu (a) JB/T5300 -- 91 "Universal valve zvinhu" zvinodiwa zvekabhoni simbi valve inowanikwa tembiricha ye -30 ℃ kusvika 450 ℃. (b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical simbi general valve kusarudzwa, kuongorora uye kugamuchirwa" zvinodiwa zvekabhoni simbi vharafu iripo tembiricha ye -20 ℃ kusvika 425 ℃ (kushandiswa kweiyo yakaderera muganho gadziriro ye -20 ℃ kuitira kubatanidza neGB150 simbi. kumanikidza mudziyo) (c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange uye butt welding kupera vharafu" kushanda kumanikidza - tembiricha yakatarwa ikozvino kukosha chiyero zvinodiwa WCB A105 (kabhoni simbi) iripo tembiricha siyana kusanganisira -29 ℃ kusvika 425 ℃, haigone kushandiswa pamusoro pe425 ℃ kwenguva yakareba. Solid kabhoni simbi inoita kuti graphitize inosvika 425 ℃. Gedhi vharafu raw material yesimbi annealing yakakwana annealing (recrystallization annealing) : simbi inononoka kupisa kusvika kuAc3 (hypoeutectoid simbi) pamusoro pe30 ~ 50 ℃, kuve nechokwadi chenguva ine mwero, wobva wanonoka firiji kubuda. Kune yakajairika simbi, maererano kudziyisa muitiro ferrite kupinda martensite (kumashure shanduko recrystallization) uye firiji muitiro kuwedzera yechipiri shanduko recrystallization, the crystal yakanaka, gobvu layer, yunifomu chimiro ferrite. Grey cast iron annealing: simbi inodziya kusvika patembiricha ye30 ~ 50 ℃ pamusoro peAc1, uye yobva yatonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. 1) Tsanangudzo: Tembiricha zvikamu kusvika 30 ~ 50 ℃ pamusoro pekupisa kwakakosha, kupisa kwekudzivirira kwenguva yakati rebei, uyezve nefiriji yevira. (Critical tembiricha: tembiricha iyo yemukati chimiro chesimbi inoshanduka) 2) Zvinangwa: (1) Kuderedza simba uye kunatsiridza kuita kwekukuya; (2) Gadzirisa zviyo, gadzirisa chimiro uye kugovera simenti musimbi, uye nekuisa hwaro hwekupedzisira kupisa kupisa; (3) Bvisa kushushikana kwekupisa, bvisa kushushikana kwekushisa kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwekugadzirwa kwechimiro, kukuya kugadzirisa kana magetsi welding uye yakasara yekupisa kushushikana muzvikamu zvekukanda, kuderedza deformation uye kudzivirira kuputika kwakaoma; (4) spherification ye simenti kuderedza simba; ⑤ Kuvandudza uye kubvisa marudzi ese ekukanganisa kwesangano akaumbwa mukugadzira simbi, calcination uye welding mashandiro, kudzivirira kukonzeresa madiki machena. 4) Type: Mukugadzira, annealing process inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Zvinoenderana nechigadzirwa workpiece annealing mhedzisiro haina kufanana, kune akawanda marudzi eannealing process standards, anowanzo shandiswa ndeakazara annealing, grey cast iron annealing, kana kune pasi stress annealing (1) Kuzadza annealing (recrystallization annealing) : iyo simbi. kunonoka kupisa kuAc3 (hypoeutectoid simbi) pamusoro pe30 ~ 50 ℃, kuve nechokwadi chenguva ine mwero, wobva wanonoka firiji kunze. Kune yakajairika simbi, maererano kudziyisa muitiro ferrite kupinda martensite (kumashure shanduko recrystallization) uye firiji muitiro kuwedzera yechipiri shanduko recrystallization, the crystal yakanaka, gobvu layer, yunifomu chimiro ferrite. ② Grey cast iron annealing: simbi inodziya kusvika kune tembiricha ye30 ~ 50 ℃ pamusoro peAc1, uye yobva yatonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Iyo ferrite chimiro inova spheroidal uye granular, uye yakaderera uye yepakati kabhoni simbi ine rudzi urwu rwechimiro ine yakaderera simba, yakasimba kudhirowa kugona uye yakasimba inotonhora yekukotama kugona. Kune alloy simbi, rudzi urwu rwechimiro chiri nani chekutanga chimiro pamberi pekupisa kupisa. (Sample shaft CrWMn, gidhi shaft Tenon GCr15) Yakazara annealing uye isothermal annealing Yakazara annealing - kupisa kuAc3 20 ~ 30 ℃, kupisa kupisa mushure mechoto chinotonhora - kunoreva kupisa kupedzisa austenization Chinangwa: Zvinoenderana nekunyatso recrystallization zviyo zvakanaka, symmetrical. chimiro, kunatsiridza mashandiro Chikumbiro: hypoeutectoid simbi, yakaderera kabhoni simbi: kuderedza simba, kunatsiridza kuchera kuita. Sangano: FP Isothermal process annealing -- kupisa kuAc3 (Ac1) 20 ~ 50 ℃, Thermal insulation inoteverwa nekutonhodza kwemhepo mushure meinotevera isothermal process muAr1: ine annealing yakakwana yekudzora nyore Kushandisa: yepakati uye ferritic Stainless simbi Sangano: FP kana Fe3C P Gray cast iron annealing and spread annealing Gray cast iron annealing - inopisa kusvika Ac1 20~30 Chinangwa: Kuwana spherical Fe3C, soft Application: eutectoid, eutectoid steel Tissue: spherical P Spread annealing -- kudziyisa kusvika 100-200 madhigirii. iyo yakasimba mutsara, yenguva refu yekupisa yekupisa (10-15h) mushure mekunonoka kutonhora Chinangwa: symmetrical kuumbwa Inokodzera: Stainless simbi castings Microstructure: Coarse tsanga - mushure mekupararira annealing yakanyatso annealing kana kudzima - optimization Destress annealing uye kushanda kuomesa annealing De- stress annealing -- kudziyisa kuAc1-100 ~ 200℃, kupisa kwekushisa mushure mekutonhora kwechoto Chinangwa: Kubvisa kushushikana kwekupisa uye kudzikamisa sangano Chishandiso: kutonhora kudhirowa zvikamu, kupisa kupisa zvikamu Sangano: Izvo hazvichinje Basa kuomesa annealing -- kupisa kusvika t uye ipapo 150 ~ 250 ℃, kupisa kwekudzivirira mushure mekutonhora kwemhepo Chinangwa: Kuderedza simba uye kuwedzera plasticity Application: basa kuomesa chigadzirwa workpiece Mamiriro: equiaxed zviyo Basa kuomesa tembiricha: T re = T kunyunguduka × 0.4 (tembiricha) quenching Normalizing - kupisa kuAc3(Accm) 30 ~ 50 ℃, kupisa kupisa mushure mekutonhora kwemhepo Chinangwa: Gadzirisa zviyo, vandudza kushanda Chikumbiro: yakakwira kabhoni simbi HB↑ → Kuvandudza kucheka zvimiro zvekabhoni (aluminium alloy) simbi yekunatsa zviyo symmetry sangano (kupisa kurapwa, kupisa kupisa kusati kwaitika) hypereutectoid simbi → yakajeka mesh chimiro Fe3CⅡ, ichiisa hwaro hwe spheroidization kurapwa kwezvikamu zvine zvakaderera zvinodiwa → mechini michina kuita kwekupedzisira kupisa kupisa maitiro.