Heat resistant iron of valve material

Heat inodzivirira cast iron yevhavha zvinhu Ichi chiyero chinotsanangura zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, nzira dzekuyedza, mitemo yekuchengetedza, kumaka uye chitupa chemhando, kudzivirira ngura, kurongedza uye kuchengetedza zvinodiwa zvesimbi inodzivirira kupisa. Iyo geometry uye saizi yekukanda inofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvekudhirowa. Iyo dimensional kushivirira uye machining allowance ichaenderana neGB/T6414 uye kutsauka kwehuremu kuchave maererano neGB/T 11351. Iyo metallographic chimiro chesimbi inodzivirira kupisa ichatsanangurwa maererano neGB/T 9441 uye GB/T. 7216, uye zvakadzama zvinodiwa zvichabvumiranwa nemapato ese ari maviri. Iyo matrix chimiro chesilicon kupisa inodzivirira cast iron inonyanya kuita ferrite. 1 renji Ichi chikero chinotsanangura zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, nzira dzekuyedza, mitemo yekuchengetedza, yekumaka uye yemhando chitupa, kudzivirira ngura, kurongedza uye kuchengetedza zvinodiwa zvesimbi inodzivirira kupisa. Chikero ichi chakakodzera kuumbiridza jecha kana kupisa kusagadzika kwesimbi yekukandira ine kupisa conductivity yakafanana nejecha mold uye kushanda pasi pe1100 ℃. 2 Normative reference files Mazwi ari mumagwaro anotevera anova mazwi echikero ichi nekutarisa pachiyero ichi. Pazvinyorwa zvemazuva, zvese zvinogadziriswa (kusanganisa erratum) kana kudzokorora hazvishande pachikero ichi. Zvakadaro, mapato ane zvibvumirano pasi pechiyero ichi anokurudzirwa kuti aongorore kuwanikwa kwe *** shanduro dzemagwaro aya. Kune mareferensi asina kunyorwa, iyo *** vhezheni inoshanda pachiyero ichi. 3 Zvido zveUnyanzvi 3. Giredhi uye chemikemikari yesimbi yakakandwa isingadziviriri Iyo nzira yekududza yesimbi inodzivirira kupisa inopindirana nekugadzika kweGB / T5612, iyo yakakamurwa kuita 11 mamakisi. Giredhi uye chemikemikari yesimbi inodzivirira kupisa inoratidzwa muTebhurari 1. Tafura 1. Giredhi uye chemikemikari yesimbi inodzivirira kupisa inodzivirira kupisa 3.2 geometric dimensions, machining allowance uye uremu kushivirira Iyo geometry uye ukuru hwekukanda kunofanirwa kuenderana ne zvinodiwa pakudhirowa. Iyo dimensional kushivirira uye machining allowance ichaenderana neGB/T6414 uye kutsauka kwehuremu kuchaenderana neGB/T 11351. 3.3 Surface Quality 3.3.1 Kukandira pamusoro pekukasira kuchaenderana nekutsanangurwa kweGB/ T6061.1, uye giredhi rechiyero richabvumiranwa nemapato ese. 3.3.2 Zvikamu zvichacheneswa, zvakasara zvichachekwa, uye zvakasara zvekudururwa, bhonzo repakati, jecha revhu uye mhango yemukati zvichabviswa. Castings ichaenderana nezvinodiwa zvekudhirowa kwemutengi, zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi kana chibvumirano cheodha pakati pemapato maviri. 3.3.3 Chimiro, nhamba, saizi uye chinzvimbo chezvakakanganisika zvakabvumiranwa pakukandira, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa nzira inobvumira mapato ese. 3.4 Mechanical function Mamichina ekukandira patembiricha yekamuri achaenderana netsanangudzo iri muTebhurari 2, uye nguva pfupi-pfupi tembiricha yekusimba inoratidzwa muAppendix A 3.5 Kurapa Kupisa Kazhinji, kurapwa kwekupisa kunofanirwa kuitwa kubvisa kushushikana kwasara kupisa-resistant ductile iron yesilicon uye aluminium akatevedzana. Nekudaro, kana iyo pearlite yemukati yekupisa-inodzivirira ductile iron yesilicon kiyi yakatevedzana yakaderera pane 15%, kupisa kurapwa hakugone kuitwa. Kune mamwe mabhureki, kana achidikanwa neanoda, kurapwa kwekupisa kubvisa kusara kunetseka kuchaitwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekuraira. Mamiriro ekushandiswa kwesimbi inodzivirira kupisa inoratidzwa muAppendix B 3.6 Metallographic chimiro Iyo metallographic chimiro chesimbi inodzivirira kupisa ichatsanangurwa maererano neGB/T 9441 uye GB/T 7216, uye zvakadzama zvinodiwa zvichabvumirana. nemapato maviri. Iyo matrix chimiro chesilicon kupisa inodzivirira cast iron inonyanya kuita ferrite. 3.7 Anti-oxidation, anti-kukura basa uye coefficient of thermal kuwedzera Pakupisa kwesevhisi, iyo yunifomu oxidation uremu huremu hwekuwedzera kupisa-inodzivirira simbi yakakandwa haipfuuri 0.5 g/m2 · h, uye chiyero chekukura hachipfuuri. 0.2%. Iyo inopesana ne-oxidation uye inopesana-kukura basa rekupisa-rinodzivirira simbi yakakandwa uye coefficient yekuwedzera kwekupisa haishandiswe sehwaro hwekugamuchirwa. 3.8 Zvinodiwa Zvinodiwa Kana iye anodiwa aine zvinodikanwa zvekuongororwa magineti, ultrasonic bvunzo, X-ray kuyedzwa, nezvimwewo, iye anoda uye anokumbira achataurirana nekuita zvinoenderana neGB/T 9494, GB/T 7233 uye GB/T 5677 zvakateerana. . 4 Nzira yekuedza 4.1 Kuongororwa kwemakemikari 4.1.1 Kuongororwa kwemakemikari kunogona kuitwa nekuongorora kwemakemikari kwakajairwa kana photoelectric yakananga kuverenga spectroscopic analysis. 4.1.2 Sampling nzira dzekuongorora makemikari akajairwa achatsanangurwa muGB/T 20066. 4.1.3 Spectrum sampling nzira ichaitwa maererano neGB/T 5678 uye GB/T 14203. Iyo spectral yekuongorora nzira ichaitwa maererano nekutsanangurwa. yeGB/T 20125. 4.1.4 Arbitrate analysis of carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus in chemical composition is GB/T 20123 or GB/T223.69,GB/ T223.60 and GB/T respectively Kuitwa kwemiganhu ye 223.58 kana GB/T223.64,GB/T223.3 kana GB/T223.59 kana GB/T223.61,GB/T223.68; Chromium, aluminium, aluminium arbitration ongororo zvichiteerana zvinoenderana neGB/T223.11 kana GB/T223.12, GB/T223.26, GB/T223.28 delimit kuurayiwa. 4.2 Mechanical function test 4.2.1 Room tembiricha mechanical basa bvunzo dzeHTRCr, HTRCr2, HTRSi5 uye mamwe mamakisi, kusanganisira kugadzirirwa kwemasamples, ichaitwa zvinoenderana nekutsanangurwa kweGB/T228. 4.2.2 Mechanical miedzo yekupisa-inodzivirira ductile iron uye HTRCr16 pakupisa kwekamuri ichaitwa maererano neGB/T228. 4.2.3 Kuoma kwesimbi inodzivirira kupisa ichagadziriswa maererano neGB/T231.1. 4.2.4 Yenguva pfupi-yepamusoro tembiricha yekusimba yakasimba yekupisa-inodzivirira simbi yakakandwa ichatemwa maererano neGB/T4338. 4. 3 Test block, muenzaniso 4.3.1 Chimiro uye saizi yeY-shaped single cast test block yakashandiswa mutensile test yeQTRSi4, QTRSi5, QTR5i4Mo, QTRSi4Mo1, QTRA14Si4, QTRA15Si5 inoratidzwa muFIG.1 uye Tafura 3 (the oblique line muFIG.1 ndiyo nzvimbo yemuenzaniso wakachekwa). Type B inowanzosarudzwa. Mabhuroko ebvunzo ari muAppendikisi C anogona kushandiswa zvakare. Chimiro nekukura kwesingle cast easy cutting test block yeQTRA122 neHTRCr16 4.3.2 Maumbirwo nekukura kwemasamples etensile anoshandiswa nemhando dzesimbi dzinodzivirira kupisa uye HTRCr16 zvinoratidzwa muFIG.3 neTable 4. 4.3.3 Test blocks ichazadzwa nesimbi yemvura yakafanana sekukanda uye inodururwa pamagumo ekugadzirisa, uye nzira yekutonhora ichave inopindirana sezvinobvira nekukanda. 4.3.4 Iyo tembiricha yekurongedza yezvivharo zvekuyedza haipfuure 500 ° C 4.3.5 Inobvumirwa kutora sampuli yakasungirirwa kune yekukanda block kana zvakananga pakukanda, uye kukosha kwekugamuchirwa kuchabvumirwa nevose mapato. 4.4 Oxidation Resistance uye Kukura Resistance Test The oxidation resistance and growth resistance test of heat resistant iron cast iron ichaitwa maererano neAppendix D uye Appendix E. 4.5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion test Nzira yekuedza ye coefficient yekuwedzera kwekushisa inoitwa muAppendix. F. 4.6 Kurapa Kupisa Pamusoro pekubvisa kushushikana kwemukati kwekukanda, kana chero humwe hupi hwekupisa huchiitwa pamitambo, mabheji ekuedzwa achaiswawo pasi pekupisa kupisa muchoto chimwe chete kana nzira. Chikamu: millimeter 5 Mitemo Yekugamuchira 5.1 Kuumbwa kwebhechi yesampling 5.1.1 Makaseti anogadzirwa nemold yakabatana anoumba sampling batch. 5.1.2 Huremu hwakawanda hwesample lot yega yega i2000 kg yekukandwa mushure mekuchenesa. Iyo sampling batch inogona kuchinjwa sekubvumirana nemapato ese ari maviri. 5.1.3 Kana huremu hwekukasa huchipfuura 2000 kg, imwe sampling batch ichaumbwa. 5.1.4 Kana pakaitika shanduko yechaji, shanduko yegadziriro kana shanduko yekemikari inodiwa mukati menguva yakati, zvese zvakadirwa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa zvinoramba zvichinyunguduka mukati menguva iyoyo, zvisinei nekuti ipfupi sei nguva. nguva, ichaonekwa seimwe sampuli mijenya. 5.1.5 Kana huwandu hukuru hwesimbi yakanyungudutswa yegiredhi reyunifomu ichiramba ichinyungudutswa, huremu hwechiyereso chega chega hahufanire kudarika huremu hwekukandwa hwakadirwa mukati memaawa maviri. 5. 1.6 Iri batch resimbi yakanyungudutswa inogona kushandiswa sebatch yekuenzanisira kana huremu hwesimbi yakanyungudutswa iri pasi pe2000 kg. 5.1.7 Sezvakabvumiranwa nemapato ese, mabheji akati wandei ekukasa anogona kugamuchirwa muboka. Muchiitiko ichi, panofanira kunge paine dzimwe nzira dzekudzora mhando mukugadzira, sekukurumidza makemikari kuumbwa, kugadzirisa metallographic, nondestructive kuyedza, kuchengetedzwa kwekutyoka, nezvimwewo, uye zvechokwadi yakaratidza kuti kurapwa kwenodulation hakuna mhirizhonga, zvinoenderana ne process zvinodiwa. Cherechedzo: Pakukandwa kwakagadziriswa kupisa, batch yemuenzaniso ichaitwa sample, kunze kwekunge madhirigi ari mubatch akasiyana zvakanyanya muchimiro. Muchiitiko ichi, izvi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kukanda zvinoumba muenzaniso batch. 5.2 Sampling yeChemical Composition Batch imwe neimwe yekuenzanisira ichaiswa pasi pekuongororwa kwemakemikari, uye mitsva yekuongorora inosangana nezvinodiwa muTebhu 1. Kana kemikari yakagadzirwa yakasiyana, bvumira kaviri nhamba yemasampuli kuti iongororwe zvakare kamwe chete, sampu anokwanirisa chete kana achinge anyatsokodzera. 5.3 Kukasa saizi yesampling Saizi, geometry uye kushata kwepasi kwekutanga kukanda uye zvakakosha zvinokandwa zvinofanirwa kutariswa pachidimbu chega chega. Nzira yekutarisa nzvimbo inobvumirana nemapato ese. 5.4 Sampling yekuongorora yemhando yekutaridzika Kutaridzika kwemhando yekukanda kunofanirwa kutariswa nekuona chidimbu nechidimbu. 5.5 Sampling uye kuyedzwa kwemakanika zvivakwa, metallography, kukura kuramba Iwo ma mechanic zvimiro zvekupisa ductile iron pakupisa kwekamuri kunofanirwa kutariswa nebatch. Iyo mechanic properties yeimwe kupisa-inodzivirira simbi yakakandwa pakupisa kwekamuri pamwe chete nesimbi yesimbi, oxidation kuramba uye kukura kuramba kwemhando dzese dzichayedzwa zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yekuraira. Iyo michina yekushisa kwekamuri inogamuchirwa zvichienderana nekusimba kwesimba. Kana kuongororwa kwekuomarara kuchidiwa usati waraira, inofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zveTafura 2. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti choto kana nhamba yepasuru yekukanda yakafanana neyeye test tsvimbo, choto kana nhamba yepasuru inofanira kuiswa pachena pa. nzvimbo isingakoshi pakati pemuenzaniso nekukanda. 5.6 Ongororo yemakina mashandiro ebvunzo mhinduro Paunenge uchiongorora kusimba kwesimba, kana mhedzisiro yekuongorora yetensile sampu ikatadza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa, uye ikasakonzereswa nezvikonzero zvakanyorwa mu5.7, mamwe maviri emuenzaniso kubva mubatch akabatanidzwa anogona kutorwa. kuongororazve. Kana mhedzisiro yekuongororazve ikasangana nezvinodiwa, zvinhu zvebatch iyi yekukanda ichiri kugona. Kana mhedzisiro yekuongororazve ichiri kutadza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa, batch yekukanda inozotongwa sechikamu chemidziyo. Panguva ino, imwe yekukanda inogona kutorwa kubva mubatch, uye sampuli yemuviri inogona kutemwa pachinzvimbo chakabvumiranwa nemapato ese ekuongororwa kwemuchina. Kana mhinduro dzebvunzo dzichisangana nezvinodiwa, iyo yekukanda zvinhu inogona kuramba ichitongwa kuti inokwanisa; Kana mhedzisiro yebvunzo yemuenzaniso wemuviri ichiri kutadza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa, iyo ** inozopedzisira yaona kuti iyo yekukanda zvinhu zvebatch iyi yakakamurwa lattice. 5. 7 Kutendeseka kwebvunzo Kana mhedzisiro yebvunzo isingaenderane nezvinodiwa, kwete nekuda kwemhando yekukanda pachayo, asi nekuda kwechimwe chezvikonzero zvinotevera, bvunzo haina kukodzera. a) Kurodha zvisina kunaka kwesample pamushini wekuyedza kana kushanda zvisina kunaka kwemuchina wekuyedza. b) Kune kukanganisa kwekugadzira pamusoro peiyo sampuli kana kuchekwa zvisina kunaka kwemuenzaniso (senge saizi yemuenzaniso, shanduko fillet, roughness haina kuzadzisa zvinodiwa, nezvimwewo). c) Tensile specimen inotsemuka kunze kwechinhambwe chakajairwa. d) Pane akakosha ekuumba hurema pakutyoka kwematenesi emuenzaniso. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, sampuli nyowani ichaitwa kubva kune yunifomu yebvunzo block kana sampuro ichadzokororwa kubva muyunifomu batch yeyakadururwa test block kuti idzokororwe, uye mhedzisiro yekudzokororwa ichatsiva mhedzisiro yebvunzo isiriyo. 5.8 Kupisa kwekupisa kwezvivharo zvekuedza uye kukanda kunze kwekunge paine zvakakosha zvinodiwa, kana majekiseni akapihwa sekukanda uye basa remuchina rekukanda risingaenderane nechiyero ichi, mutengesi anogona, nemvumo yeDemander, kupisa kupisa. pamwe chete nemabhuroki ebvunzo uye wozoaedza zvakare. Kana ma castings akabatwa nekupisa uye basa remakanika rakakamurwa, mutengesi anogona kupisa zvakare ma castings uye mabhuroko ekuyedza ekukanda pamwe chete. Uye zvipe zvakare kuti ugamuchirwe. Kana iyo sampuli yakagadziriswa kubva pakupisa yakagadziriswa test block inokodzera, batch inoonekwa seyakadzokororwa kupisa yakarapwa Chikamu chekushanda chinopindirana nechiyero ichi. Kudzokororwa kupisa kurapwa kwekudzokorora hakufaniri kudarika kaviri. Kana pasina chinodiwa chakajeka pachinzvimbo, saizi (saizi, kureba, convex uye concave) uye nzira yechiratidzo, mutengesi nemupi vanobvumirana. Nekudaro, iko kumaka hakuzokanganisa kunaka kwekukanda. Mushure mekunge ma castings apfuura nekuongorora uye kugadzirisa, kudzivirira ngura, kurongedza uye nzira dzekuchengetedza dzinozobvumiranwa nemapato ese. Pane gaka rakakwana pakati pemasampuli akaiswa muchoto kuti ave nechokwadi chekubatana kwakanaka pakati pemhepo muchoto uye sampuli yepamusoro. Zviyereso zviviri zvekuyeresa zvinogona kuiswa pamigumo yese yemuenzaniso, zviyero zvawo zvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo D.2. (Kana pasina maaasuring screws anodiwa, iyo yekupedzisira face yesample inogona kuiswa nechromium kana nickel... Chitupa chechiratidzo nemhando 6. 1 Iyo yekukandira ichaiswa chiratidzo nemutengesi. 6. 2 Kana pasina chinodiwa chakajeka pachinzvimbo, saizi (saizi, kureba, convex uye concave) uye nzira yemucherechedzo, mapato ese ari maviri anobvumirana, iyo yekumaka haizokanganise kunaka kwekukanda 6. 3 Chitupa chemhando yechisimbiso chekuongorora chemupi chichabatanidzwa pakukandwa kusati kwaendeswa, uye zviri mukati mechitupa zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvirimo: a) Zita kana logo yemutengesi; b) Chikamu nhamba kana nhamba yekontrakiti yekuraira; C) Material brand; d) Maintenance results; e) Chikero nhamba. Kudzivirira ngura, kurongedza uye kuchengetedza 7.1 Nzira dzekudzivirira ngura, kurongedza uye nzira dzekuchengetedza ngura dzichabvumiranwa nemapato ese ari maviri mushure mekunge makanda aongororwa uye akakodzera. 7.2 Zvekukandwa zvinotakurwa nzendo refu, mapato ese ari maviri anobvumirana pakurongedza uye nzira dzekufambisa zvinoenderana nemirairo yekufambisa. Dziviriro yezvakatipoteredza, chengetedzo uye zvemutemo uye zvinotarisirwa Mapato ese ari maviri anoenderana nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, chengetedzo uye mitemo nemirairo yenyika dzakakodzera panguva yekugadzira, kugamuchirwa, kuchengetedza nekufambisa. Nzira yekuedza yekukura kwekudzivirira kwekupisa kwesimbi yakakandwa Iyi nzira inogona kushandiswa kuyedza kuramba kwekukura kweakasiyana-siyana anodzivirira kupisa simbi yakakandwa mukupisa kwemhepo yepakati. D.1 Zvinodiwa zvekutanga zvemidziyo yekuyedza uye nzvimbo inopesana nekukura D.1.1 Iyo yekukura yekudzivirira test furnace ichazadzisa zvinotevera zvinodiwa: a) Pane otomatiki inogadzirisa tembiricha, iko kurongeka kwayo i5℃; b) Musiyano wetembiricha pakati penzvimbo yega yega munzvimbo yekugovera sampuli muchoto haifanire kudarika 5 ℃; c) Chengetedza yakakwana oxidation mamiriro muchoto. D.1.2 Pane kukwana kwakakwana pakati pemasampuli akaiswa muchoto kuti ave nechokwadi chekubatana kwakanaka pakati pemhepo muchoto uye pamusoro pemasampuli. D.1.3 Mushure mekunge sampu yaiswa muchoto, nguva iyo tembiricha muchoto inosvika kune yakatarwa tembiricha ichaonekwa sekutanga kwekuyedzwa, uye nguva iyo nguva yakatarwa yekuedzwa yapera uye choto chinomira kushanda ( kana kutora sample) ichaonekwa sekupera kwebvunzo. D.2 Kunze kwemuenzaniso