Kuchengetedza kwenguva refu uye gungano zvinodiwa kune mavharuvhu

Kuchengetedza kwenguva refu uye gungano zvinodiwa kune mavharuvhu

Ivhavha inopikisa coefficient ¦Æ inoenderana nehukuru, chimiro uye mhango chimiro chechigadzirwa chevharuvhu. Chimwe nechimwe chikamu chemuviri wevhavhavha chinogona kufungidzirwa sehurongwa hwezvikamu zvinogadzira kupikisa (mvura inoshanduka, inowedzera, zvibvumirano, inotendeuka zvakare, nezvimwewo). Nokudaro, kurasikirwa kwekumanikidzwa muvhavha inenge yakaenzana nehuwandu hwekurasikirwa kwekumanikidzwa kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chevhavha. Zvinofanira kutaurirwa kuti kuchinja kwekupikisa kwechimwe chikamu muhurongwa kuchaita kuti kuchinja kana kugoverwa kwekupikisa muhurongwa hwose, kureva kuti, kuyerera kwepakati kunobata chikamu chimwe nechimwe chepombi.
Kana iyo mvura inopfuura nepakati pevhavha, kurasikirwa kwayo kwekudzivirira kwemvura kunomiririrwa nekudonha kwemvura kudonha ¡÷P pamberi uye shure kwevhavha.
Pazvinwiwa zvinonetsa:
Iko ¡÷P - kurasikirwa kwevhavha pasi pekuedzwa (MPa)
¦Æ - kuyerera kwekudzivirira kwevhavha;
P - Fluid density (kg/mm)
U - Avhareji yekuyerera velocity yemvura mupombi (mm/s)
Fluid resistance yezvikamu zvevharuvhu
Ivhavha inopikisa coefficient ¦Æ inoenderana nehukuru, chimiro uye mhango chimiro chechigadzirwa chevharuvhu. Chimwe nechimwe chikamu chemuviri wevhavhavha chinogona kufungidzirwa sehurongwa hwezvikamu zvinogadzira kupikisa (mvura inoshanduka, inowedzera, zvibvumirano, inotendeuka zvakare, nezvimwewo). Saka kurasikirwa kwekumanikidzwa muvharuvhu kunenge kuenzana nehuwandu hwekurasikirwa kwekumanikidzwa kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chevhavha, kureva:
Mune fomula, iyo inopikisa coefficient yezvikamu zvevharuvhu zvine mwero wepakati wekuyerera mupombi.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kuchinja mukupikisa kwechimwe chinhu muhurongwa kunokonzera kuchinja kana kugoverwa kwekupikisa muhurongwa hwose, kureva kuti, kuyerera kwepakati kunobata chikamu chimwe nechimwe chepombi. Kuti uongorore kupesvedzera kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana pakudzivirira kwevharuvhu, data yekupikisa yemamwe mavharuvhu akajairika anoshandiswa. Iyi data inoratidza hukama pakati pechimiro uye saizi yezvikamu zvevharuvhu uye kuramba kwemvura.
(1) Kukurumidza kuwedzera
Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1-12, kuwedzera kamwe kamwe kunokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru. Panguva ino, chikamu cheiyo fluid velocity inopedzwa mukugadzira eddy, kusimuka kwemvura uye kupisa. Ukama hwepedyo pakati penzvimbo yekupikisa coefficient uye chiyero chemuchinjiko-sectional nzvimbo A1 isati yawedzera uye A2 mushure mekuwedzera inogona kuratidzwa ne equations (1-9) uye (1-10). Iyo yekukweva coefficient inoratidzwa mutafura
Mufananidzo 1-12 Kamwe kamwe kuwedzera
(1-9)
(1-10)
Nyora mu%
¦Æ - kupikisa coefficient pane yepakati velocity mune yakawedzera pombi;
¦Æ - Dhonza coefficient pane yepakati velocity muchubhu isati yawedzera.
Tafura 1-32 ¦Æ kukosha kwenzvimbo yekudhonza coefficient panguva yekuwedzera kamwe kamwe.
(2) Kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1-13, apo ¦È 40¡ã, iyo inopikisa coefficient yechubhu inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma iduku pane iyo yechubhu inowedzera kamwe kamwe, asi kana ¦È=50¡ã -90 ¡ã , iyo inopikisa coefficient inowedzera 15% -20%. Zvishoma nezvishoma yakawedzera kuwedzera Engle ¦È: denderedzwa chubhu ¦È=5¡ã ~6¡ã30′; Square chubhu ¦È =7¡ã~8¡ã; Iyo yenzvimbo yekupikisa coefficient ye rectangular chubhu ¦È= 10¡ã -12 ¡ã inogona kuverengerwa sezvinotevera:
(1-11)
¦Æ - coefficient, sezvinoratidzwa muTable 1-33;
¦Ëm - avhareji kuramba coefficient munzira,
¦Ë1¦Ë2 - ndiwo makoefifita ekudhonza anoenderana nemachubhu madiki nemahombe zvichiteerana.
Mufananidzo 1-13 unowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma
Tafura 1-33 ¦Æ kukosha
(3) Kamwe kamwe shrinkage inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1-14. Iyo yenzvimbo yekupikisa coefficient yekukurumidza shrinkage inoratidzwa muTafura 1-34. ¦Æ inogona zvakare kuverengerwa neinotevera empirical formula:
(1-12)
Mufananidzo 1-14 zoom kunze
(4) Kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1-15, kurasikirwa kwekumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa nekuderera zvishoma nezvishoma kuduku, uye nharaunda yekudzivirira kwenharaunda inoverengwa sezvinotevera:
(1-13)
¦Î C - coefficient, sezvinoratidzwa muTable 11-35;
¦Å — coefficient, ona Table 1-36
¦Æ maitiro anogonawo kuwanikwa zvakananga kubva kuMufananidzo 1-16.
Mufananidzo 1-15 zvishoma nezvishoma inoderera
Tafura 11-34 ¦Æ kukosha kwekamwe kamwe kuderedzwa kwenzvimbo yekudhonza coefficients
Kuchengetedza kwenguva refu uye gungano zvinodiwa kune mavharuvhu
Valve ndiyo inodzora chikamu cheiyo fluid inofambisa sisitimu, ine kucheka-kubvisa, kugadziridza, diversion, kudzivirira countercurrent, pressure regulator, shunt kana kufashukira kudzvinyirira kunyaradza uye mamwe mabasa. Mavharuvhu emagetsi ekudzora masisitimu, kubva kune akareruka epasi mavharuvhu kusvika akanyanya kuoma otomatiki ekudzora masisitimu anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemavharuvhu uye zvakatemwa. Mavharuvhu anogona kushandiswa kudzora kuyerera kwemhepo, mvura, chiutsi, akasiyana corrosive media, madhaka, oiri, liquid simbi uye radioactive midhiya uye mamwe marudzi emvura. Saka, mukushandiswa kwenguva refu kwemaitiro evhavha kunofanira kunge kuri kuchengetedza sei?
1. Usashandisa marevhisi marefu kana mavhiri emagetsi paunenge uchivhara kana kuzarura valve.
2. Shinda tambo dzinowanzo dhumhana ne stem nut, dzinofanirwa kunge dziri mu screw kuchengetedza imwe huwandu hwemafuta, lubrication, kuve nechokwadi chekufamba kwemahara kwehunde, kuchinjika uye kwakanaka. Valve mechanical transmission, kusvika panguva pane gearbox additives, kudzivirira kuruma.
3. Vhura valve kwenguva yakareba, nzvimbo yekuvhara inogona kunge yakanamatira netsvina; Paunenge uchivhara, valve inogona kuvharwa zvinyoro-nyoro kutanga, uye wozozarura zvishoma, kuitira kuti tsvina inogona kushambidzwa nepamusoro-soro kuyerera kwepakati, uye wozovhara zvakare.
4. Ivhavha yakaiswa kunze inofanira kuchengetedzwa neruoko rwekudzivirira pahunde yevhavha kudzivirira mvura, chando, guruva uye ngura.
5. Ivhavha inofanira kucheneswa uye kuongororwa nguva dzose kuchengetedza zvikamu zvevhavha yakachena uye yakakwana. Usaisa zvinhu zvinorema pavhavha uye usamira pavhavha.
6. Usati wavhura vheji yemhepo, bvisa mvura yakagadzikana muhurongwa, uye zvishoma nezvishoma uzarura valve kuti usapinda mvura yesoda; Kana vharuvhu yanyatsovhurwa, dzosera handwheel zvishoma.
7. Ivhavhavha inochengeterwa inofanira kuiswa panzvimbo yakaoma mukati memba, uye iyo interface inofanira kuvharwa newax paper board kana plug kudzivirira kupinda kwetsvina.
Valve musangano zvinodiwa
Zvikamu zvakacheneswa zvinofanira kuvharwa kuti zvigadzirwe. Zvinodiwa pakugadzwa kwegadziro ndezvizvi:
1. Iyo yekuisa musangano inofanirwa kuve yakachena, kana kumisa nzvimbo dzakachena kwenguva pfupi, senge richangotengwa jira rejira remavara kana firimu repurasitiki, kudzivirira huruva kupinda panguva yekuisa.
2, vashandi vegungano vanofanira kupfeka nguo dzebasa dzedonje dzakachena, kupfeka chivharo chedonje chakachena, bvudzi harigoni kudonha, tsoka dzinopfeka shangu dzakachena, maoko anopfeka magurovhosi epurasitiki, degreasing,.
3. Zvishandiso zvegungano zvinofanirwa kucheneswa uye kucheneswa pamberi pegungano kuti ive nehutsanana.