Zvakananga zvinodiwa pakuyedzwa kweradiographic yevharuvhu compression cast simbi vharafu yakakanda simbi kutaridzika zvinodiwa

Zvakananga zvinodikanwa zveradiographic kuyedzwa kwevharuvhu compression simbi yakakanda simbi kutaridzika kwemhando zvinodiwa Zvikanganiso zvekukanda pafirimu zvakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvishanu: gomba remhepo, jecha uye slag kuisirwa, shrinkage gomba uye porosity, yemukati chiller isina kufukidzwa uye kutsemuka. Mapores ezvakaremara munzvimbo yekugadzirisa welding pane zvisina kunaka zvinogona kuonekwa sekuongororwa kwekuremara kwekukanda, nepo slag munzvimbo yekugadzirisa welding isati yanyungudutswa uye isina kusungirirwa kuburikidza inogona kuonekwa se slag kubatanidzwa kwekuremara kwekukanda. . Saizi yekuremara inoyerwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwemufananidzo wakakanganisika pafirimu. Ehe. Kune iyo shrinkage mhango, saizi chete yechikamu chiri pachena chechimwe nechimwe chikanganiso chinoyerwa, kwete saizi yemumvuri wakatenderedza. Kana zvikanganiso zviviri kana kupfuura zvakapindirana pafirimu, zviyero zvadzo zvinofanirwa kuyerwa zvakasiyana. Kubatana: Zvakananga zvinodikanwa zveradiographic kuyedzwa kwevhavha compression simbi castings (II) 5. Kukanganisa kukamurwa uye nzira yekuongorora yeradiographic firimu 5.1 Kukanganisa kukamurwa uye kuyerwa kwehukuru 5.1.1 Kukanda kukanganisa pafirimu kunogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvishanu: gomba remhepo, jecha. uye kuiswa kwe slag, shrinkage gomba uye porosity, inner chiller isina kuiswa uye kuputika. Mapores ezvakaremara munzvimbo yekugadzirisa welding pane zvisina kunaka zvinogona kuonekwa sekuongororwa kwekuremara kwekukanda, nepo slag munzvimbo yekugadzirisa welding isati yanyungudutswa uye isina kusungirirwa kuburikidza inogona kuonekwa se slag kubatanidzwa kwekuremara kwekukanda. . 5.1.2 Saizi yekuremara inoyerwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwemufananidzo wakakanganisika pafirimu. Ehe. Kune iyo shrinkage mhango, saizi chete yechikamu chiri pachena chechimwe nechimwe chikanganiso chinoyerwa, kwete saizi yemumvuri wakatenderedza. Kana zvikanganiso zviviri kana kupfuura zvakapindirana pafirimu, zviyero zvadzo zvinofanirwa kuyerwa zvakasiyana. 5.1.3 Kana kukanganisa kwakabatanidzwa kune evaluation roll (field of view) muganhu, ichabatanidzwa munzvimbo dzekuverenga mukati menzvimbo yekuongorora. 5.2 Kukanganisa giredhi yegomba remhepo, jecha uye slag 5.2.1 Sarudza nzvimbo ine nhamba huru yezvinokanganisa pane iyo yakaipa firimu senzvimbo yekuongorora. Kukura kwenzvimbo yekuongorora uye nhamba yakakura inobvumirwa yezvikanganiso zvinotsanangurwa muTebhu 6 uye 7. Tafura 6 Ukuru hwenzvimbo yekuongorora uye nzvimbo dzakakura dzinobvumirwa dzepores Tafura 7. Kukura kwenzvimbo yekuongorora uye mapeji makuru anobvumirwa ejecha. uye slag inclusion 5.2.2 Nhamba yezvibodzwa zvechikanganiso chimwe chete ichatsanangurwa muTebhu 8 uye maererano nehukuru hwekuremara. Nekudaro, zvirema zvidiki pane izvo zvakatsanangurwa muTafura 9 Ngazvirege kuverengerwa. Tafura 8 Nhamba yezvibodzwa zvehurema hwemunhu Tafura 9 haiverenge huwandu hwekuremara kana ichienzaniswa nehukuru hunotenderwa saizi 5.2.3 Mapoinzi maviri kana anopfuura akaremara achave huwandu hwemapoinzi ega ega chikanganiso mukati menzvimbo yekuongorora. Inogona kuongororwa maererano neTafura 6 uye Tafura 7 zvakateerana, asi ukuru hwemapores akakura, majecha ejecha uye mabhanhire ekuchenesa anotenderwa padanho 1 haapfuure iyo yakatsanangurwa muTafura io uye Tafura 11 zvichiteerana. Tafura 10 Hukuru hwakakura hwepore hunotenderwa kune hurema hwekutanga Tafura 11 Kuenzanisa kusungirirwa kwejecha hombe uye saizi yekuchenesa inotenderwa kune kuremara kwekutanga 5.3 Kuremara giredhi rekupwanya mhango 5.3.1. Sarudza chikamu chikuru chehurefu kana nzvimbo yechikanganiso pane zvakaipa kuti zviongororwe. Ukuru hwenzvimbo yekuongorora uye hukuru hunotenderwa hwehurema hunotsanangurwa muTebhu 12 kana 13. Tafura 12 Hurefu hunobvumirwa hurefu hwesatin nokuda kwekukanganisa kwegomba re strip shrinkage Tafura 13 Nzvimbo yakakura inobvumirwa yedendritic shrinkage cavity defects 5.3.2 Shrinkage Shrinkage hurema hwemhango hunogona kukamurwa kuita strip shrinkage cavity, dendritic shrinkage cavity uye yakakura nzvimbo shrinkage cavity zvinoenderana nechimiro chavo. 5.3.3 Kuverenga kureba kwekureba kwegomba remitsetse: buri rinodzikira rinotora kureba kwakakura kwegomba rekupwanya sekureba; Maburi maviri kana anopfuura emitsetse inodzikira ndiyo hwerengedzo yehurefu hwegomba rega rega rekupwanya sekureba. Apo gomba re shrinkage riri pamuganhu wenzvimbo yekuongorora, chikamu chiri kunze kwemutsara wekuremara inofanirawo kuiswa. 5.3.4 Kuverenga kwenzvimbo yakakanganisika yedendritic shrinkage cavity: dendritic shrinkage cavity ndiyo chibereko chehurefu hukuru hwekuremara uye hupamhi hukuru hwechigadzirwa che orthogonal chenzvimbo yakakanganiswa ye shrinkage cavity; Maviri kana anopfuura dendritic shrinkage cavities ndiwo huwandu hwenzvimbo dzega yega shrinkage cavity senzvimbo yakakanganisika. Apo gomba re shrinkage riri pamuganhu wenzvimbo yekuongorora, chikamu chiri kunze kwemutsara wekuremara inofanirawo kuiswa. 5.3.5 Kana paine mhango yedendritic uye yakaita mitsetse-mutsetse munzvimbo yekuongorora, mhango ine mitsetse yakaita mitsetse ichaonekwa semaburi ebazi kuti aongororwe. Kureba kwegomba rine mutsara kuchaita kureba kwegomba rekukwenya, uye upamhi huve chetatu chehurefu. 5.3.6. Iyo yakakura-nzvimbo shrinkage defect inoverengerwa nechigadzirwa chehurefu hwakakura hwehurema hwakapetwa nehupamhi hukuru orthogonal kwairi. 5.3.7 Chikamu che i shrinkage cavity defects ichaongororwa zvichienderana nehurefu kana nzvimbo yezvakakanganisika munzvimbo yekuongorora. Nekudaro, shrinkage cavities idiki pane iyo yakatsanangurwa muTafura 14 Ngaarege kuverengerwa sehurema. 5.3.8 Mutsetse wekupwanyika kwegomba uchaongororwa maererano nez maererano nehuwandu hwehurefu hwehurema pakuongorora G; Iyo dendritic shrinkage cavity yakaongororwa maererano neTafura 13 maererano nehuwandu hwenzvimbo yakakanganisika munzvimbo yekuongorora. Iyo yakakura nzvimbo shrinkage inoongororwa maererano nehuwandu hwenzvimbo yakakanganisika munzvimbo yekuongorora maererano nehukoshi mumabhuraketi muTebhurari 13. Tafura 14 Hukuru hukuru hwe shrinkage cavity defects pasina kuongororwa 5.3.9 Crack (kupisa kunopisa uye kutonhora kunotonhora) , inner chiller isina kusanganiswa uye mud core support isina kusanganiswa pafirimu ndichaiswa mugiredhi 6. 5.4 Kuyera kwakadzama kwezvinokanganisa 5.4.1 Munzvimbo yekuongorora, kana paine mhando mbiri kana kupfuura dzehurema panguva imwe chete, kupatsanura ichaitwa zvichiteerana zvichienderana nemhando dzehurema, uye ipapo iyo yakazara chiyero ichaitwa maererano nenzira yakapihwa mu5.42 ~ 5.4.4. 5.4.2 Munzvimbo yekuongorora, kana paine hurema hwehomogeneous kana marudzi maviri evhu uye giredhi risiri nyore, giredhi rezasi richatorwa sechiyero chakakwana. 5.4.3 Munzvimbo yekuongorora, kana paine mhando mbiri kana kupfuura dzezvirema zvine giredhi rimwechete, muyero wakakwana uchaderedzwa nechikamu chimwe chete. Panyaya yemhando mbiri kana kupfuura dzeClass i defects, 'chirema chichaiswa muchikamu cheChikamu chechipiri apo nhamba, kureba kana nzvimbo yehurema inodarika 1/2 yemutengo unobvumirwa. Zvakadaro, chirema chinorongedzerwa sedanho 2 zvichienderana neTafura 10 kana Tafura 11, kana hurema hunorongedzerwa senhanho 2 zvichienderana neTafura 9 uye Tafura 14, iyo iri kupfuura chiyero chekushandiswa kweNhamba i pasina kuenzanisa ukuru hwehurema, huchaita. kurongeka sedanho 2 kunyangwe yakasanganiswa neimwe danho rechipiri. 5.4.4 Kana muongorori achifunga kuti chirema chine njodzi dzekuchengetedza, chinogona kutongwa sechisina kukodzera. Simbi inokandwa mavharuvhu ichaongororwa kwesekondi mushure mekupfekedzwa nekuchekwa, uye ichaongororwa kuti pane kuremara kwakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pemapikicha anotsanangurwa muchiyero ichi (ona Chitsauko 4). Iyi chiyero yakaunganidza gumi nembiri pamusoro pekare chakaremara marudzi ezera (ona 4.1--4.12, imwe neimwe yakakanganisika mhando inosanganisira 5 makesi anomiririrwa neA, B, C, D uye E. Ese akaremara mhando [type a} light c}} mazwi ari murating mafoto inotsanangurwa chete pamusoro pekuremara kwepamusoro Marudzi uye maitiro ehurema hwakasiyana-siyana hwepamusoro hunotsanangurwa sezvizvi: 1 Range Iyi chiyero inotsanangura mhando uye maitiro ekuremara kwepamusoro mumavharuvhu, maflange, mapipe epipe uye mamwe masimbi ekumanikidza kuongororwa uye kugamuchirwa kwehutano hwepamusoro hwevhavha, flanges, fittings yepombi uye mamwe masimbi ekugadzirisa 2. Kuongororwa kwehutano hwepamusoro Kuiswa kwesimbi kunofanira kuongororwa kwechipiri mushure mekugadzirisa uye kucheneswa, uye kukanganisa pamusoro pezvikanda zvinofanira kuongororwa. kuongororwa maererano nemifananidzo inotsanangurwa muchiyero ichi (ona Chitsauko 4 3. Kuyera tsananguro yemufananidzo 3.1 Iyi chiyero inounganidza gumi nemaviri ezera rakaremara (ona 4.1--4.12), rudzi rwega rwekuremara runosanganisira 5 makesi anomiririrwa neA. , B, C, D uye E, zviitiko zviviri zvakaratidzwa naA uye B zvinogamuchirwa (zvinokodzera), uye zvitatu zveC, D uye E hazvigamuchirwi (zvisina kukodzera) kukanganisa. Tichifunga nezvematambudziko anokonzerwa newakisi uchishandisa mwero mumwechete kuona ukuru hwekupamhidzira kwenzvimbo yekukanda, mafoto makumi matanhatu akapihwa muchiyero ichi mienzaniso yehukuru chaihwo hwekudhirowa chero 4 X 100 mm X 125 mm nzvimbo yekukandwa kwakataurwa. pamusoro. 3. 2 Mhando dzese dzakaremara mumapikicha ekuyereswa [Type a} light c}} mazwi anotsanangurwa kuti anoshanda chete kune kuremara kwepamusoro. Mhando uye maitiro ega ega chikanganiso chepamusoro anotsanangurwa seizvi: a} kutsemuka: mutsara kutsemuka pamusoro pepamusoro pesimbi castings nekuda kwekuita kwemukati nekunze kushushikana. Kazhinji zvinooneka pamusoro pezvimedu hazvikodzeri. b) Shrinkage mhango: Nekuda kwesimbi}}L-1}}, mukudirwa nekuchekwa kwekusimudzwa kwesimbi, chimiro hachina kurongeka zvakanyanya, mudhuri wakakasharara uye kune maburi ekristaro akaita sedendri. C) Jecha (slag) makomba: maburi ane jecha (slag) akaumbwa pamusoro pesimbi yakaumbwa nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwejecha musimbi yakanyungudutswa. d) Pores: nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwegasi musimbi yakanyungudutswa, uye kuumbwa kwehukuru hwakasiyana pamusoro peiyo skim l ", gomba madziro anotsvedzerera uye pear akaumbwa, akatenderera, ovha kana tsono makomba maburi. e (Ridged fungidziro): Chipimo (ruzhowa) chesimbi chakaita sechiratidziro pamusoro pesimbi yekukandwa Chimiro chezvisina kujairika, reticular kana tsinga-sekuparadzirwa kwetsinga f) Muswe wembeva: kudzika (pasi pe5~). ine acute angles inoumbwa pamusoro peiyo skimmer nekuda kwekuremara kana deformation yepasi pejecha. mhando yekutamba. Muepidermis kazhinji ine network yakadzika yema grooves inonzi creases: vanga rinosiiwa nekupfeka zvisina kufanira mukucheneswa, kucheka, kudirwa nekusimuka kwesimbi pamusoro pesimbi dzesimbi dzakaita semavanga. Kumusoro kwakakasharara, kumucheto kwakapinza, kune simbi yetariro diki inonzwika uye muviri wesimbi wakasungwa wakabatana, uye pane jecha pakati pevanga nekukanda. j} Vanga rebrace: Vanga rasara pamusoro pesimbi nekuti core brace kana inner chiller yatadza kunyungudika zvachose. k) Welding scar: vanga rakasara pakugadzirisa welding yesimbi yekukandira nekuda kwekusagadzirisa zvakanaka mushure mekugadzira. l) Nzvimbo yakaoma: pamusoro pesimbi yakakandwa haisi yakatsetseka uye haina kuenzana. 4 Rating Photos 4. 1 Type a): Mutswe