Kubva pakatanga CCIDID-19, uyu mubvunzo unoratidzika kunge uri nyore wakonzera kusawirirana pakati penyanzvi nenyika: Veruzhinji vasingarware vanofanirwa kushandisa masiki kudzikamisa kupararira kwechirwere here?
Kwemwedzi yakawanda, CDC yakaramba ichisimbirira kuti vanhu chete vanoda kupfeka mask ndeavo vari kurwara kana kuti vari kurapwa nemask. Pfungwa iyi inobva papfungwa yekuti mamasiki ekurapa ekutanga haaite zvishoma kuchengetedza akaapfeka, asi kunyanya kudzivirira varwere kubva mukupfapfaidza madonhwe ane hutachiona kubva mumhino nemumuromo. Pamusoro pezvo, panodiwa kukoshesa kugovaniswa kwezvinhu zvishoma kune vashandi vepamberi vekurapa. World Health Organisation yakabvuma.
Asi dzimwe nyika dzakatora nzira dzakasiyana, dzichikurudzira kuti masks anofanirwa kushandiswa kunyangwe vanhu vasipo pamusha mune dzimwe nguva. Masayendisiti mazhinji atangawo kupa zano rekuti gwara remasiki rinogona kunge riri zano rakanaka.
Zvino, mushure memazuva ekufungidzira, Mutungamiriri wenyika, VaDonald Trump, vakazivisa muna Kubvumbi 3 kuti CDC yakakurudzira kuti vanhu vashandise machira kumeso munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, kunyangwe akasimbisa kuti chiyero ichi ndechekuzvidira uye akati haatevedzere.
Iye akati: "Saka, kupfeka mask kunenge kuri kwekuzvidira." “Unogona kuzviita. Iwe haufaniri kuita izvi. Ndinosarudza kusadaro.”
Sangano iri rakapa data nyowani yekuti "chikamu chikuru" chevanhu vane hutachiona hwekoronavirus vanogona kuparadzira hutachiona kune vamwe kunyangwe vasina zviratidzo. Sangano rakadzokorora kurudziro ndokuti, "Pese panofanirwa kuenda munhu, Wese munhu anofanira kupfeka maski kumeso. Pinda munzvimbo dzinowanikwa veruzhinji."
Webhusaiti yeCDC yakagadziridzwa inoti: pKuvhara kumeso nejira hakusi kudzivirira munhu akapfeka, asi kudzivirira hutachiona kubva kune akaripfeka huchienda kune vamwe.q pIzvi zvakanyanya kukosha kana munhu aine hutachiona asi asina zviratidzo.q
Kunyange zvazvo muUnited States, muitiro wacho wachinja kuva wokuvanza, dzimwe nyanzvi hadzina chokwadi nemutemo uyu. Pane kutsvagisa kushoma pamachira emachira, uye hapana humbowo hwakawanda munyika chaihwo hwekukurudzira masiki ekurapa kune veruzhinji. Kana vanhu vakasapfeka chivharo nemazvo, kana vakakanganisa sepfungwa yenhema yekuchengetedzeka, nhungamiro idzi dzinogona kuwedzera kushomeka kwemasks ekurapa kana kupfura.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe masayendisiti akataura kuti zvidzidzo zvemurabhoritari zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemasiki, uye kunyangwe kushoma pdo it yourselfq modhi, inogona kunge ichiri kubatsira. Uye kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemasks kunogona kudzivirira vanhu kubata kumeso kwavo uye kubatsira kuratidza kuoma kwedenda.
Tichaongorora kumwe kutsvagisa uye kufunga kuseri kwemasiki uye totsanangura kuti nei maonero achisiyana. Asi kutanga, zvakakosha kuziva kuti pasinei nekukakavadzana, panyaya dzinonyanya kukosha, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobvumirana:
Zvichienderana nedhizaini, masiki anogona kudzikamisa kupararira kwezvirwere zvevanhu vane hutachiona mune inonzi sosi control, uye / kana inogona kudzivirira vanopfeka kubva kuhutachiona.
Nekuda kweCOVID-19, kupararira kwehutachiona kunonyanya kuburikidza nemadonhwe ekufema. Kana munhu ane utachiona akakosora kana kuhotsira, madonhwe ekufema anowira pamuromo kana mumhino dzevamwe. Madonhwe acho anogona zvakare kusvibisa nzvimbo inobatwa nevamwe vanhu vasati vabata kumeso kwavo.
Pano, masiki ekutanga ekuvhiya-akasununguka anoraswa masiki-anogona kubatsira, nekuti kana munhu anorwara akapfeka mask, madonhwe ayo anotapukira anogona kuvharirwa mumask. Vanachiremba nevakoti vakapfeka masiki akadai vanogona kuchengetedzwa zvakare nekuti vanogona kukosora kana kuhotsira.
Asi vaongorori zvakare vanofungidzira kuti iyo nyowani coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 inogona kugara mumhepo semadonhwe madiki anonzi aerosols uye anogona kufemerwa nevanhu vari pedyo. Ongororo yakaburitswa muNew England Journal of Medicine munaKurume 17 yakati kutapurirana kweaerosol "kwaive nemusoro." Mukuedza, zvakaonekwa kuti hutachiona "hunoramba huri mhenyu" mumashini anogadzirwa neaerosols kwemaawa matatu. Kunyangwe hafu yavo isingatapukirwe mushure meawa. Hazvina kujeka kuti yakawanda sei nzira iyi mukupararira kwehutachiona, uye kupararira uku hakugone kuparadzira hutachiona munzira refu, asi masayendisiti ari kuramba achitenda kuti hutachiona uhu huchaitika kusvika pamwero wakati.
Margaret Sietsema, purofesa wezvehutano hwebasa paUniversity yeIllinois kuChicago, akati: pIni ndinotenda kuti nzira dzese dzekutapurirana dzinogona kuita basa pano, zvinoreva kuti chirwere ichi chinogona kufemerwa, saka mutsara wekudzivirira wakanakisa.
Iyo yekufemerera inosanganisira iyo inowanzo kutaurwa yeN95 yekufemerera, inova inoraswa-yakasimba-yakakodzera kufema iyo inogona kugadzira chisimbiso pachiso uye inosanganisira yakakosha sefa inogona kutora ingangoita 95% yezvimedu zviri mumhepo zvinopfuura nemo. (Kuti tidzivise kuvhiringidzika, isu hatizodaidza chero munhu anofema mask kubva zvino zvichienda mberi.)
Kuenzaniswa neN95, masks ekuvhiya haana kugadzirwa kuti ape dziviriro kubva kune aerosols. Sokutsanangura kunoita CDC blog, masiki ekuvhiya akagadzirwa kuti ape dziviriro yezvidziviriro zvemadonhwe, asi haadzore kushanda kwesefa yavo, uye havagone kugadzira chisimbiso chakakwana kumeso kweanopfeka anoda kufema dziviriro.q
Sietsema nguva pfupi yadarika akaongorora humbowo hwemasiki kubva kuUniversity yeMinnesota's Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. Akakurudzira kuti maN95 ekufema ashandiswe kune vashandi vehutano vanodyidzana nevarwere veCCIDID-19, asi anotenda kuti hapana humbowo hwakakwana hwekutsigira mutemo wakakura wemasiki wekubatanidza vanhu vane hutano.
Akataura kuti masks anogona kukwanisa kuderedza kutapurirana nekutora madonhwe akakura kubva kuvanhu vane hutachiona, asi izvi zvinoshanda kune vanhu vane zviratidzo, uye anotenda kuti chero munhu ane zviratidzo haafanire kunge ari munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji.
Akataura mune email: "Handifunge kuti masks achaderedza kutapurirana zviratidzo zvisati zvaoneka, nekuti mhepo haizombofa yakasarudza nzira yekuramba (kuburikidza nemasiki), inongopfuura masiki,"
Ari kutyirawo kuti kurudziro yemasiki ichaita kuti vanhu vazorodze kure nenharaunda uye zvinogona kuomesa basa rekuchengeta masiki ekuvhiya evashandi vepamberi vekurapa.
Zvisinei, mamwe masayendisiti haabvumirani nazvo. Vanoti kunyange zvazvo masks asingazonyatsoshanda, anogona kunge ari nani kupfuura chero chinhu.
Benjamin Cowling, chiremba wechirwere chechirwere paYunivhesiti yeHong Kong, haafunge kuti masks ekuvhiya haana basa kune veruzhinji.
Akataura mune email: "Ehe, ndinogona kutenda kuti zvichave nani kana zvichishandiswa nevashandi vekurapa, kunyanya kana zvakasanganiswa nemimwe michina yekudzivirira uye maitiro, asi zvakakosha kana zvakapfekwa pamuviri. Uku kuvandudzwa kukuru. Inoshandiswa nevashandi vezvokurapa, asi haibatsiri kana yakapfekwa nevamwe.
Muchidzidzo chichangobva kubudiswa, Colin akanyora chidzidzo mu Natural Medicine. Vatsvagiri vakaona kuti masks ekuvhiya anoderedza huwandu hwehutachiona hwekufema hunodzingwa kana vanhu vachifema nekukosora mumichina yakakosha.
Pakutanga, imwe ongororo yakaitwa naColin nevamwe vachishandisa setup yakafanana yakawana kuti masks ekuvhiya akadzikisa huwandu hwefuruwenza RNA iyo vaongorori vaigona kuona kubva kune madiki uye makuru madonhwe ekufema. Kune madonhwe akakura, mhedzisiro yacho yakasimba zvakanyanya, asi zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti masks anogona kuderedza aerosols kusvika pamwero wakati.
Idzi mhando dzezvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti, ne theoretically, masks anogona kudzikisira kupararira kwehutachiona hwekufema, asi pachine nzira refu yekuenda pamberi pemasks chiyero chehutano hweveruzhinji kune ruzhinji.
Mushure mezvose, mukushandisa chaiko, kana vanhu vasingade kubva munharaunda vopedzisira vabata kumeso zvakanyanya, kana vakaramba vachibata kunze kwemask, mask inogona kunge yakasvibiswa uye mask inogona kukuvadza.
Kunyangwe avo vanotsigira kushandiswa kwakakura kwemasks eruzhinji vanobvuma kushaikwa kwehumbowo hwakananga hwakadaro. Muchinyorwa che "Lancet" chekufema mushonga wekufema, icho chinokurudzira kushandisa "zvine musoro" kwemasiki kurwisa COVID-19, munyori anotsanangura humbowo huripo se "hushoma."
Kunyangwe zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaongorora masiki akasiyana muzvipatara kana mamwe magadzirirwo ehutano, vanhu vashoma vakaedza kana masks ari kushanda munharaunda-pachokwadi kusawirirana mumasiki kana kuti hapana zvakakosha zvakaonekwa.
Semuyenzaniso, Cowling akatiudza kuti humbowo hwakanakisa hunobva mumiedzo yakarongeka uye akatitungamira kuti tiite ongororo yakarongeka yemiedzo gumi yakaedza masiki. Iyi miedzo yakaedza kuti masks anodzikamisa sei kupararira kwefuruwenza munzvimbo dzakaita sedzimba kana dzimba dzekurara. kugona. Kunyangwe zviyedzo zvakawanda zviri kuyedza kuti vanhu vanyatsopfeka masiki, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kuteedzera kwepamusoro kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro, wongororo yakawana kuti pus yemasks haidzikisi zvakanyanya kupararira kwefuruwenza.q Miedzo mizhinji zvakare idiki kwazvo kuti iite mhedziso Chero mhedziso dzakanaka.
Elaine Shuo Feng, nyanzvi yezvenhamba uye epidemiologist paYunivhesiti yeOxford uye munyori anotungamirira weLancet Respiratory Medicine Review, akati: pKubva pane pfupiso yemiedzo yakarongeka, panogona kunge kune zvimwe asi kwete zvakanyanya kukanganisa. .” Hurukuro.
Achiri kutenda kuti zvine hungwaru kuti nyika dzitange kufunga nezvekushandiswa kwemasiki. Feng akati: "Kushaikwa kwehumbowo hwakakwana hazvireve kuti kupindira kwacho hakuna kushanda." "Panyaya iyi, ndinofunga nzira yakanyanya kunaka ndeyekuvimba nezvese zviripo zvisiri zvemishonga."
Muna 2015, vaongorori vakaburitsa yekutanga yakadzorwa muyedzo yemachira emachira, uye vakawana kuti kana vashandi vekurapa muVietnam vakapfeka masiki pachinzvimbo chekuraswa masiki ekuvhiya, ivo vane mukana wakapetwa kagumi nenhatu wekuita zvirwere sefuruwenza.
Huwandu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwemachira kumeso hwemachira hwaive hwakakwirawo kupfuura hweboka rekutonga. Boka rinodzora dzimwe nguva rinopfeka masiki ekuvhiya zvinoenderana nemitemo yechipatara. Nekudaro, nekuti hapana akange asina kupfeka mask zvachose, vaongorori havana kukwanisa kuona kuti machira emachira anogona kuramba achipa dziviriro kune akaripfeka.
Munyori akanyora kuti: "Zvakaonekwa kuti huwandu hwehutachiona mumaoko emasiki emachira hwakanga hwakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kutsanangurwa nemhedzisiro yemachira emachira, masiki ekurapa kana musanganiswa wezviviri."
Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakadzidza kuti mamwe machira kana magadzirirwo anodzivirira sei kupararira kwemadonhwe uye zvimedu murabhoritari. Nekudaro, sezvakataurwa nemunyori weyeyedzo yeVietnamese mune imwe chinyorwa, kuwirirana kwebepa neCCIDID-19 kunoratidza kuti hapana yemasks aya akaedzwa mumiedzo yekiriniki.
Ongororo ya2013 yakaedza zvinhu zvemasiki epamba ndokuona kuti machira edonje anogona kunge aine imwe yekusefa yekusefa mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi, asi kushanda kwemasks kwakaderera zvikuru kune masks ekuvhiya. Chikwata chakagumisa kuti masiki ekuzvigadzira ari nani pane kusave nemasiki, asi p anofanirwa kungoonekwa senzira yekupedzisira.q
Mune bvunzo dzakaomesesa muna 2010, vaongorori kubva kuNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health muUnited States vakabhomba maT-shirts, matauro, masweatshirts nemakavha ane nanoparticles kuti vaongorore kusefa kunogona kuita machira emasiki eDIY. Kunyangwe kuita kwechinhu ichi kwakaderedzwa kana zvichienzaniswa neN95 gasi masks, munyori anonongedza kuti vanongopa "kumucheto kwekudzivirira kufema", asi machira mazhinji anotora angangoita mamwe zvidimbu.
Linsey Marr, purofesa weinjiniya kuVirginia Tech, anodzidza kupararira kwehutachiona, anoyambira vanhu kuti vasavimbe nemasks epamba kudzivirira hutachiona kubva mumhepo, asi kune avo vanotevedzera magadzirirwo avo, ane humwe hunyanzvi hunoshanda.
Akatiudza mune email kuti: "Zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kuve zvakakora uye zvakarukwa, senge matauro emukicheni kana maT-shirts anorema, uye mask inofanira kunge iri padyo nemhino nemuromo pasina mapeji."
Sezvakatsanangurwa neNational Academy yeSainzi mumushumo wa2006, masks e impromptu anogona kushandiswa panguva yedenda. Chimiro chakasimba chejira chinogona kusefa zvirinani, asi pane kutengeserana-offs. Chirevo chakati: "Kusimba kwechimiro kunowedzera uye kuramba kufema kunowedzera, izvo zvinokanganisa kugadzikana kwemushandisi kana uchishandisa mudziyo." Akataura kuti, "Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kushandiswa."
Kune avo vanosarudza kupfeka masiki, Feng anokurudzira kudzidza nzira chaiyo yekudzikisa hutachiona hwetsaona hunokonzerwa nemasiki pachayo. Sezvinoratidzwa muvhidhiyo yeWHO, kiyi haisi yekubata kunze kwemaski-kana ukadaro, geza maoko ako.
Asi chakanyanya kukosha kusafunga kuti masiki anogona kukudzivirira kana kukudzivirira kubva mukushamwaridzana kana kugeza maoko ako. Sezvakataurwa naFeng, izvi "zvirinani kugara pamba".
Mhinduro: Hapana humbowo hwekuti jekiseni rakatenderwa richakonzera kudzikira kwembereko. Kunyangwe zviyedzo zvekiriniki zvisina kudzidza nyaya iyi, makumi ezviuru evatori vechikamu muyedzo havasati vataura kurasikirwa kwembereko, uye havana kutsigira maitiro akashata mumamiriyoni evanodzivirira.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-19-2021
