MassRobotics inoburitsa nyika yekutanga yakavhurika sosi yakazvimiririra mobile robhoti yekudyidzana mwero
Mapombi emoto ndiwo akakosha uye akakosha zvikamu zveakawanda-akavakirwa mvura ekudzivirira moto masisitimu, akadai seanosprinkler, risers, mvura ine furo, mvura inopfapfaidza uye mhute yemvura, uye akakodzera kune akasiyana siyana ekushambadzira uye maindasitiri ekushandisa. Kana yakatemwa kuti inofanirwa kuburikidza ne hydraulic analysis kana zvimwe zvinangwa, kuiswa kwepombi yemoto kunopa kuyerera kwemvura uye kumanikidzwa kunodiwa nehurongwa hwekudzivirira moto. Pasina pombi yakanyatsogadzirwa uye yakaiswa moto, iyo nzira yekudzivirira moto haigone kutarisirwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo.
Ichi chinyorwa chinoshuma nezvedzimwe shanduko dzakakosha mu2013 edition yeNFPA 20 Standard for Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, iyo yakaburitswa muzhizha ra 2012. Pombi nemoto pombi yekuisa zvinodiwa uye basa reNFPA mukutanga izvi. zvinodiwa.
Pakazara, NFPA makumi maviri yakagamuchira 264 zvikumbiro zvekugadzirisa, 135 zviri pamutemo zvekutevera mhinduro, uye 2 dzakabudirira zviito pa-saiti paNFPA 2012 Las Vegas Technical Report Conference.
Mapombi emoto, angave ari centrifugal pombi kana positive displacement fire pumps, akanyatsorongwa, uye zviyero zvakagadziridzwa kuti zvive pachena kuti mapombi emoto chete anogona kushandiswa pakurwisana nemoto. Iyo yakapfuura edition yaive yakanangana ne "mamwe mapombi", ayo maitiro ekugadzira akasiyana kubva kune akatsanangurwa muyero, uye akabvumira mamwe mapombi akadaro kuti aiswe munzvimbo dzakanyorwa mu laboratori yekuyedza. Zvisinei, sezvo pombi dzose dzemagetsi dzichiiswa semidziyo yemagetsi, vamwe vanhu vanodudzira urongwa uhwu sekubvumira chero pombi yemagetsi kuti ishandiswe sepombi yemoto. Izvi hazvina kuitirwa, uye mutauro wakagadziridzwa kuti ujekese pfungwa iyi zviri nani.
Kuti zvive nyore kuongorora uye kubvumirwa nevakuru vane simba (AHJ) nevamwe vanobatana vanobatanidzwa mukuiswa kwemapombi emoto, mitemo mitsva pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvekugadzira uye mifananidzo yakawedzerwa. Iyo chiyero ikozvino inoda kuti zvirongwa zvine hukama zvidhirowe pane yunifomu saizi kudhirowa zvinoenderana nechiyero chakatarwa. Pamusoro pezvo, hurongwa uhu hunosanganisira humbowo hwezvakasiyana-siyana zvekuiswa kwese, senge zvinhu zvine chekuita nekugadzira pombi, modhi uye saizi, kupihwa kwemvura, pombi yekukwevera, pombi inotyaira, zvidzori, uye mapombi ekugadzirisa.
Kana bvunzo yekuyerera kwemvura ichishandiswa kuona kana mvura yepombi yemoto yakakwana, NFPA 20 ikozvino inoda kuti bvunzo ipere isati yadarika mwedzi gumi nemaviri chirongwa chebasa chisati chaendeswa, kunze kwekunge zvabvumidzwa neimwe nzira neAHJ. Vamwe vanhu vanonetseka kuti, mune dzimwe nguva, data yekare yekuedza iyo isinganyatso kuratidza mamiriro ezvino emvura inoshandiswa senheyo yekugadzira yekusarudzwa kwemapombi emoto. Muchiitiko ichi, kana mvura yemvura inenge yakaderera kudarika mari inoratidzwa nedheta rekare rekuedza, muedzo wekugamuchira unogona kuratidza kuti kubuda kwepombi kuderera kudarika kukosha kwakaverengwa uye hakuna kukwana kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvehurongwa hwose. . Kuongororwa kwemvura uye kuyedzwa kwakaoma, kunoda kunzwisiswa kwemarongerwo uye kushanda kwehurongwa hwemvura, uye inogona kupedzwa chete nevashandi vanokwanisa.
Makamuri epombi nemakamuri epombi akazvimirira ane midziyo yepombi yemoto inoda kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha, sezvakanyorwa muNFPA 20 muchimiro chetafura. Chimwe chezvinyorwa zviri patafura yakafanira zvinoreva dzimba dzepombi nedzimba dzepombi dzisina kumwaya mvura. Vamwe vaverengi veNFPA 20 vakaturikira musoro zvisizvo, zvinoreva kuti NFPA 20 inobvumira kusiiwa kwevanomwaya mvura munzvimbo dzakadai muzvivako zvinoda kana kuti vari kufunga nezvekushandiswa kwemasprinkler systems. Kuwedzerwa mutauro wekubvunzurudza kujekesa kuti chinangwa che "Unssprinkled" musoro mutafura ndechekuona rudzi rwekudzivirira moto rwepombi yemoto muchivako chisina kusaswa-kureva kuti, pombi yepombi inoda kuparadzaniswa kubva kune zvimwe zvivako uye chivako chiri. inovakwa mumaawa maviri, kana imba yepombi inoda chinhambwe Chivako chinoshandirwa nepombi chinosvika mafiti makumi mashanu kureba. Chinangwa chemusoro uyu hachisi chekupa kunze kwekusiiwa kwevanomwaya mukamuri yepombi yemoto yechivako chakasaswa zvachose.
NFPA 20 inopa dziviriro yemidziyo yepombi yemoto uye avo vanoda kuwana midziyo yepombi yemoto kana pakaitika moto. Kunyange zvazvo NFPA 20 ichida kuti dhipatimendi remoto rironge kupinda muimba yepombi yemoto nguva isati yasvika, ikozvino inodawo nzvimbo yepombi yemoto kuti irongerwe pachine nguva. Pamusoro pezvo, NFPA 20 inoda kuti makamuri epombi asingakwanisi kupinda zvakananga kubva kunze kwechivako ape nzira yakavharwa kubva pamasitepisi akavharirwa kana magonhi ekubuda kunze kuenda kuimba yepombi. Iyo yakapfuura vhezheni yeNFPA 20 yaida kuti ndima yacho ive nemoto wekudzivisa chiyero cheanenge maawa maviri.
Iyo 2013 yekudzokorora inoda kuti ndima yacho ive neyakafanana yekudzivirira moto sekamuri yepombi; ndiko kuti, muchivako chakasaswa zvakakwana chinosanganisira pombi pombi, nzira yacho inongoda 1 awa yekudzivirira moto. Kudzivirirwa kwemoto kwechikamu chinoenda kukamuri yepombi haifaniri kudarika zvinodiwa zvepombi yemoto. Kana imba yepombi yemoto uye ndima zvakavakwa senzvimbo yakaparadzana yakananga yekubatanidza, ndima yacho ichava chikamu chekamuri yepombi yemoto, uye inongoda kupatsanura mukamuri ine chiyero chakafanana chekudzivirira moto sepombi yemoto. Ndapota cherechedza kuti mamwe mazwi pamusoro penyaya iyi anoshanda kune zvivakwa zvepamusoro.
Kuti uderedze kubvongodzwa pamhepo yekusveta, NFPA 20 inotsanangura saizi yezita repombi yekukwevera zvichienderana nekugona kwepombi yemoto. Aya masaizi epombi akatsanangurwa anoenderana nekuyerera kwakanyanya kwemafiti gumi neshanu pasekondi pa150% yekuyerwa kwepombi. Vashandisi veNFPA 20 vanozoona kuti clause iyi yakabviswa muboka remazuva ese uye yakawedzerwa patafura sechinyorwa chepasi. Vamwe vashandisi veiyo chiyero vanodudzira zvisizvo ruzivo urwu rwekumhanyisa semamiriro ekusimbisa panguva yekuyedza yekugamuchira pombi. Asi, chinangwa chekubatanidza ruzivo urwu ndechekupa ruzivo rwekumashure nezve mabviro nekuvandudzwa kweakatemerwa suction chubhu zviyero.
Kunze kwekunge mamwe mamiriro akazadzikiswa, NFPA 20 inoda kurongeka kwepombi yekudhonza kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana kudzvanywa kwakashata pakusveta flange yepombi. Iyo pombi yemoto yecentrifugal haikodzeri kusimudza kana kukweva mvura yakananga kuflange yayo yekusveta. Chinodiwa kuti kusveta kudzvinyirirwa pakusveta flange hakusi pasi pe 0 psi kunoshanda kune zvigadziriso zvinoumbwa nepombi imwechete uye zvimisikidzo zvinoumbwa neakawanda mapombi emoto anoitirwa kushanda pamwechete. Kugadziridzwa kwechikamu ichi kwakajekesa kuti pakuiswa kwepombi kwakawanda, iwo chete mapombi akagadzirwa kuti ashande panguva imwe chete anotariswa pakuwongorora mamiriro ekusveta. Vamwe vashandisi veNFPA 20 havana kunzwisisa zvinodiwa izvi uye zvinosanganisira pombi dzisina basa kana idzo dzinomhanya chete kana pombi huru yamiswa. Ichi hachisi chinangwa chechirevo.
Iyo iripo yekusarudzika kune yakanaka kudzvanywa kunodiwa pane yekusveta flange inobvumira -3 psi suction pressure. Izvi zvinosiyana zvinoshanda kune iyo iyo pombi yemoto iri kushanda pa150% yekuyerera yakatemerwa painopomba kubva pasi pekuchengetedza tangi. Mameseji ekunamirwa kweichi kusarudzika akadzokororwa kuti anange marudzi ese emapombi emoto epakati, kwete chete iwo akachinjika emoto pombi. Zvimwe zvigadziriso zvezvinyorwa zvakasungirirwa zvinoratidza kuti pamagumo enguva inodiwa yekuyerera kwemvura, kana iyo pombi yekusveta kamuri urefu hwakaenzana kana kuderera kupfuura mwero wemvura muchigadziko chekuchengetedza, muganhu we -3 psi suction pressure reading inobvumirwa. Shanduro yapfuura inoreva kukwidziridzwa kwekamuri yepombi pasi uye pasi petangi. Iwo manyoro akadzokororwa zvirinani anovimbisa kuti hapana kusimudza kana kushushikana kuchaitika pakati petangi remvura uye yekusveta flange yepombi yemoto. Sezvinotaurwa muappendix, kana pombi iri kushanda pa150% simba uye mvura iri mutangi iri padanho rakaderera, iyo -3 psi suction pressure margin inokonzeresa kurasikirwa kwekukwenya mupombi yekudhonza.
Mimwe michina iri mupombi yekukweva inogona kukonzera isingadiwe mazinga ekuyerera uye kusagadzikana, uye kukanganisa kushanda kwepombi nekuita. NFPA 20 parizvino inotaura kuti mukati memamita makumi mashanu epombi yekusveta flange, hapana mavharuvhu anogona kuiswa mupombi yekukweva kunze kweiyo yakanyorwa dzinde rekunze nejoko (OS&Y) mavharuvhu. Iyi clause yakadzokororwa kujekesa kuti, kunze kweiyo OS & Y mavharuvhu akanyorwa, hapana "control" mavharuvhu anogona kuiswa mukati me50 tsoka. Iyi clause yakadzokororwazve kuti inyatsonangana nemidziyo yekudzosera. Shanduko idzi dzinopa kuwirirana kuri nani nezvimwe zvipimo zvechiyero uye kujekesa chinangwa chezvinodiwa, ndiko kurambidza kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu eshavishavi chete, uye kubvumira kuiswa kweOS&Y mavharuvhu egedhi, mavharuvhu ekutarisa uye midziyo yekudzosa mupombi yekudhonza. Asi ndapota cherechedza kuti mune zvimwe chete Kuiswa kwecheki mavharuvhu uye midziyo yekudzokera kumashure mupombi yekusveta inobvumirwa chete pasi pemamiriro anodiwa nezviyero kana AHJ. Kana vharuvhu yecheki kana mudziyo wekudzivirira wekudzokera shure uchidiwa kumusoro kwechiteshi chekukweva chepombi yemoto, NFPA inoda kuti mudziyo wacho uve nemadhayamita gumi epombi kumusoro kwepombi yekusveta flange.
Zvibatiso zvakaita semagokora, matei uye majoini emuchinjikwa mupombi yekukweva zvinozoita kuti mvura ipinde mupombi ive isina kuenzana. Iyo kusaenzana kunoitika apo iyo yakakodzera inoshandura iyo inoyerera ndege inoenderana neinoyerera ndege kuburikidza nepombi yemoto. Uku kuyerera kusina kuenzana kunoderedza kushanda uye hupenyu hwebasa hwepombi. NFPA 20 inorambidza nzvimbo uye kurongeka kwezvigadziriso zvakadaro mupombi yekudhonza. Mishonga yakadaro yepombi haifaniri kuiswa mukati me 10 pombi madhayamita ekusveta flange. Ikozvino kusarudzika kumutemo uyu kunobvumira iyo centralline ndege yegokora kuti ive perpendicular kune yakatwasuka yakapatsanurwa pombi shaft pane chero chinzvimbo chepombi suction port. Kurongeka kwegokora uku hakugadziri mamiriro ekuyerera anokuvadza. Kune iyo inotevera vhezheni, iyi yakasarudzika yakawedzerwa kuti ibatanidze T-shirts.
Kana pombi yemoto ichiyamwa kubva pasi petangi rekuchengetedza, NFPA 20 inoda humwe hurongwa hwekubuda kwetangi rekuchengetedza. Kana mvura ichiyerera kubva pakubuda kwetangi remvura, vortexes inowanzoumbwa, ichiunza mweya mupombi yekusveta uye kuwedzera kuitika kwemhirizhonga. Chiitiko chakafanana chinoitika kana mvura ichibuda mudhishi kana tabhu. Sezvambotaurwa, mhirizhonga uye kusaenzana kuyerera muchiteshi chekusveta chepombi kunofanira kudziviswa.
Kuti udzivise chiitiko ichi, NFPA 20 inoda kushandiswa kwemidziyo inodzivirira kuumbwa kweeddy currents. Mudziyo uyu unowanzo kutaurwa zvisirizvo sendiro yevortex, asi izwi riri muNFPA 20 rakadzokororwa kuti rienderane zviri nani neNFPA 22 (Standard for Private Fire Water Tanks) uye kujekesa kuti mudziyo wacho i “vortex plate” A. ndiro inoshandiswa kudzivirira kuumbwa kwevortex. Pamusoro pezvo, chirevo cheHydraulic Association's "Centrifugal Pump, Rotary Pump, uye Reciprocating Pump Standard" chakawedzerwa kune chinyorwa chekunamatira kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvenyaya yacho.
Kubva pa2003 edition, NFPA 20 inobvumira kushandiswa kwepasi kusveta throttles uko AHJ inoda kudzvanywa kwakanaka mumutsara wekusveta. Chinangwa cherudzi urwu rwevharuvhu ndechekubatsira kuve nechokwadi kuti kudzvanywa kwepombi yekusveta hakudonhe kusvika padanho rakasarudzika nekuda kwemamiriro ekupa mvura. Semuyenzaniso, kana masevhisi makuru ekupa mvura achishandiswa semvura yegadziriro yekudzivirira moto, iyo huru inogona kusapa mvura yakawanda sepombi yemoto inogona kupomba, kunyanya kana pombi iri kushanda pasi pemamiriro ekuremerwa. Kudzikira kunokonzeresa kudonha kwenzvimbo yekanzuru kunogona kutungamira kumamiriro asina kunaka, senge mvura yepasi kana kusvibiswa kwekudzokera shure, kana mune zvakanyanyisa zvinogona kukonzera iyo huru kudonha.
Kana iyo AHJ ichida kushandiswa kwevhavha yakaderera yekusveta throttle valve, NFPA 20 inoda kuti iyo throttle valve iiswe mumutsara wekuyerera pakati pepombi uye kubuda kwevhavha yekuongorora. Mutsara wekunzwa wakabatana nepombi yekukwevera inodzora nzvimbo yevharuvhu yemhepo. Kana kusveta kudonha kunodonhera kune preset throttling pressure (kazhinji 20 psi), valve inotanga kuvhara, nokudaro ichidzivirira kuyerera uye kuchengetedza kusveta kudzvinyirira pazinga rakagadzirirwa.
Kana mvura ichiyerera kuburikidza ne throttle valve, friction kurasikirwa kuchaitika, iyo inoda kutariswa muhurongwa hwekugadzira. Iko kurasikirwa kwekukakavadzana kwakabatana nemidziyo iyi kunogona kuve kwakakosha. Semuenzaniso, kuyerera kuburikidza ne8 inches. Iyo midziyo inogona kukonzera kudonha kwekumanikidza kusvika ku7 psi. Kunyange zvazvo shanduro yemazuva ano ine mazano ezvinyorwa zvemamiriro ezvinhu aya, shanduro ye2013 ichamanikidzira kugadzirwa kwegadziriro yekudzivirira moto kuti ifunge nezvekurasikirwa kwekukanganiswa kuburikidza nevhavha yepasi yekusveta munzvimbo yakazaruka zvakakwana.
NFPA 20 inoda kutarisa iyo test outlet control valve munzvimbo yakavharwa. Sezvambotaurwa, murau uyu unogona kududzirwa zvisiri izvo sekureva kutariswa kwemavharuvhu pane zvekubuda kwehosi dzakasiyana-siyana dzakabatanidzwa kune iyo test header manifold. Ichi hachisi chinangwa chechiyero. Zvinonyatsotsanangurwa kuti vharafu yekudzora mupombi pakati pepombi yekuburitsa uye hose valve test header manifold inoda kutariswa munzvimbo yakavharwa; vharafu yekunze pane imwe neimwe yekubuda kwemusoro webvunzo haidi kutariswa.
Mitemo yapfuura iyo yaida gap reisingasviki 1 inch kutenderedza mapaipi anopfuura nemadziro kana pasi zvakachinja zvikuru. Kukura kwemitemo kunoderedzwa kuti kusanganise madziro chete, sirin'i uye pasi penzvimbo yepombi yemoto yakavharirwa. Iyo inogadzirisa kushandiswa kwemamwe mapeji, pombi maoko uye majoini anochinjika, uye inopa zvirinani kukosha kune zvinodiwa zveNFPA 13, iyo yekumisikidza chiyero cheanosprinkler masisitimu.
Izwi rokuti "pressure relief valve" rinowanzoshandiswa kune mavharuvhu makuru akakura kuti abudise mvura yakawanda kubva pachiteshi chekubuda chepombi yemoto. Kushandiswa kwevharuvhu iyi kunogumira kune chaiwo maapplication. Izwi rekuti “circulation pressure relief valve” rinoreva kavharuvhu kadiki kekubvisa mvura inoshandiswa kuburitsa mvura shoma yekutonhodza kana pasina mvura inobuda pasi pepombi yemoto. Motokari uye radiator inotonhorera dizeli injini yecentrifugal yepombi yemoto inoda kutenderera kwevhavhavhavha pakati pepombi yekuburitsa pombi yemoto uye yekuburitsa cheki vharafu. Imwezve inotenderera yekudzikisa vharafu inodiwa pasi pemvura yekudzikisa vharafu, inodzokera kuchiteshi chekusveta kuburikidza nepombi. Kana iyo meter test loop ichidzokera kuchiteshi chekuyamwa chepombi yemoto kuburikidza nepombi, imwezve yekutenderera yekuchengetedza valve inodiwa zvakare.
Mitemo iri pavhavha yekudzvinyirira yakagadziridzwa zvakare kuti ijekese kuti vheji yekudzivirira inobvumirwa chete kushandiswa apo zvinotevera "zvisina kujairika" zvepombi yekushanda mamiriro ezvinhu zvichiita kuti zvikamu zvehurongwa zvitakure kudzvinyirira kunopfuura kudzvinyirira kwavo: (1) Diesel injini pombi dhiraivha 110 % Yakatemerwa kukurumidza kushanda, (2) yemagetsi inoshanduka inomhanyisa voltage inodzikamisa controller inomhanya nemutsetse (yakayerwa kumhanya).
NFPA 20 inobvumira kubuda kwevhavha yekumanikidza kudzoserwa kune pombi yekudhonza kuburikidza nepombi. Mutemo mutsva mushanduro ya2013 une chekuita nepombi inotyairwa neinjini yedhiziri inobatanidza kupisa kunopisa kutonhora kweinjini. Nekuda kwegadziriro iyi, iyo 104 F yakakwirira inotonhorera tembiricha yemvura chiratidzo kubva muinjini inopinza yeinopisa inotsinhanisa mvura inotumirwa inotumirwa kune yemoto pombi controller. Mushure mekugamuchira chiratidzo ichi, kana pasina chiratidzo chinoshanda chekukurumidzira chinokumbira kushanda kwepombi yemoto, mutongi anomisa injini.
Kudzokororwa kwemvura yakaburitswa kubva papombi kudzoka pombi yekusveta pombi kunogona kukonzera matambudziko nekuti mvura yakadzokororwa haingoshandiswe kutonhodza injini chete, asiwo kutonhorera tembiricha yemhepo inotora injini. Iko kutonhora kweinjini inotora tembiricha yemhepo kwakakosha kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuburitsa injini yeUS Environmental Protection Agency. Tembiricha iri pakati pe150 F yakaonekwa. Kunyangwe panogona kunge paine kuyerera kwemvura yakakwana kuti itonhodze injini patembiricha dzakakwirira idzi, tembiricha yechiteshi chengarava haigone kutonhodzwa zvakakwana uye inogona kuita kuti injini ishande kunze kweiyo EPA-inoenderana nerenji. Kunyange zvazvo kuvhara kwevhavha yekudzivirira kunovhura chete pasi pemamiriro ekudzvinyirira, uye kutenderera kwevhavha yekudzivirira kunofanira kuiswawo kuti ibatsire kuchengetedza kutonhora kwemvura, iyi yekuwedzera yekudzivirira yakagadziridzwa kuti ivimbise kuwirirana nezvinetso zvakakura zvine chokuita nemapombi emoto.
Muchinyorwa che2010, pfungwa yezvikwata zvepombi yemoto yakaunzwa, uye chirongwa chepombi yemoto chakanangana nekushanda kwakabatana chakatsanangurwa, ndiko kuti, pombi yekutanga inosveta mvura kubva pamvura, uye pombi imwe neimwe inoteedzana inosveta mvura kubva mvura yapfuura. Pombi. Rudzi urwu rwezvikamu zvakatevedzana zvinonyanya kuwanda muzvivako zvepamusoro-soro uye zvimwe zvivako zvakakura uye zvivako. Muzvikamu zviviri zvekutanga zvekudzokorora, kusanganisira edition ye2013, Fire Pump Technical Committee yakashandisa simba rakawanda kuti iongorore mitemo yegadziriro yezvikamu zvepombi yemoto.
Nyaya yepakati inoenderana nenzvimbo yepombi yemoto. Muzvikamu zviviri zvakapfuura, zvakave zvataurwa kuti mapombi ose anoumba urongwa hwemutsara wepombi yemoto inofanira kuiswa muimba imwechete yepombi yemoto. Kune edition ya2013, imwe nzira yakaitwa yekubvumidza kuiswa kwepombi yemoto kuve mumakamuri akasiyana pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Kunyange zvazvo mutauro uyu wakapasa ongororo yeKomiti yePombi yeMoto, yakadzoserwa paNFPA Association Technical Meeting muna Chikumi gore rino. Kunyangwe shanduko dzakarongwa dzikasashanda, musoro wenyaya ungangounzwa zvakare muchikamu chekudzokorora chinotevera. Kukakavadzana pamusoro pekuoma kwekutarisa kushanda kwezvikamu zvakawanda zvepombi yemoto mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukurumidzira, kufambisa mabasa akakodzera ekuedzwa, uye kuvimbisa kuvimbika kwehurongwa hwese huchaenderera mberi. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kunyange zvazvo NFPA 20 icharamba ichibvumira kuparadzaniswa kwezvikamu zvepombi yemoto, mamwe masimba haabvumi urongwa uhwu.
Kana musoro webvunzo wepombi yemoto wakaiswa, NFPA 20 inoda kuti uiswe pamadziro ekunze kana imwe nzvimbo iri kunze kwekamuri yepombi kuitira kuti mvura ibude panguva yekuedzwa. Mamiriro ekunze anobatsira kubvisa kuyerera kwemvura kunzvimbo yakachengeteka, uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemvura netsaona pamapombi emoto, ma controller, mota, injini dzedhiziri, nezvimwewo. Runyoro rutsva rwekunamatirwa rwawedzerwa kugadzirisa mamiriro ebvunzo anogona kutariswa kune nzvimbo dziri mukati meimba. Muchiitiko chekuti kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nekuba kana kuparadza kunoda kufungwa, test header hose valve inogona kunge iri muchivako asi kunze kwekamuri yepombi yemoto. Kana maererano nekutonga kweAHJ, kuyerera kwekuedza kunogona kutungamirirwa zvakachengeteka kunze kwechivako pasina kudiwa Ngozi isina kukodzera yekupfapfaidza mvura pamichina yepombi yemoto.
NFPA 20 yakabvumidza mamita ekuyerera kuti ashandiswe semidziyo yekuyedza kuyerera kwemvura kwenguva yakati. Panguva yekumisikidzwa, NFPA 25, chiyero chekuongorora, kuyedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwemvura-inobva pamoto kudzivirira masisitimu, inoda kuyerera kwemamita kuyedzwa uye kudzokororwa makore matatu ega ega. Zvakadaro, NFPA 20 haina zviga zvekufambisa kuenzana kwema flowmeter kana kudzokorora. Iyo 2013 vhezheni ikozvino inoda kuti kana iyo metering mudziyo wakaiswa muhurongwa hwemhete yekuyedza kuyerera kwepombi yemoto, imwe nzira yekuyera kuyerera inodiwa zvakare. Chishandiso chekuchengetedza chinofanira kunge chiri pasi pemvura inoyerera uye yakabatanidzwa mumutsara ne flowmeter, uye kushanda mukati mekuyerera kunodiwa kuzere kuyerera kwekuyerera kwepombi yemoto. Pamusoro pezvo, chiyero chave kuzotaura kuti imwe nzira inogamuchirwa yekuyeresa kuyerera ndeye yakaenzana saizi yebvunzo musoro. Kunze kwekunge kurongeka kwakatsanangurwa mumitemo mitsva iri pamusoro apa yakapihwa, kuenzana kweiyo flowmeter kunoda kubviswa kwemuviri kwemidziyo uye kuyedzwa muurongwa husingaratidze pombi chaiyo uye kuiswa kwepombi. Mukufamba kwenguva, nzira iyi inogona kuva yakaoma uye inodhura. Uye zvakare, shanduko mugadziriro yepombi uye kurongeka kwebvunzo inogona kusaenderana neiyo chaiyo yekumisikidza pombi, uye mhedzisiro yekudzokorora inogona kubvunzwa.
Shanduro yapfuura yeNFPA 20 yaida kuiswa kweiyo yakanyorwa inoratidza butterfly vharafu kana gedhi vharafu uye yekudhonza vharafu kana kudonha kwebhora kumusoro webvunzo mupombi kana musoro webvunzo uri kunze kwepombi kana pane imwe chinhambwe kubva papombi uye ipapo. injodzi yekuoma nechando. Mitemo yakagadziridzwa kuti inoda mavharuvhu eshavishavi kana mavharuvhu egedhi uye mavharuvhu ekudonhedza kana madonhwe ebhora mune zvese. Kana pasina valve, mvura inosvika panzvimbo yemusoro wekuedza pasi pekumanikidzwa, iyo iri kunetseka. Mvura inogona kudururwa zviri nyore kubva mugadziriro yekurwisa moto kuburikidza nemusoro webvunzo nekuda kwezvinangwa zvisiri zvemoto. Imwe nyaya ndeyekuchengetedza kwevashandi vari kuita bvunzo yepombi. Kubatana pakati pehosi nemusoro webvunzo kwakachengeteka, uye hapana kumanikidzwa kwemvura pamusoro webvunzo. Mushure mekunge bvunzo yapera, spherical drip valve inoburitsa kudzvanywa nemvura mupombi.
NFPA 20 parizvino inotaura kuti kana chinodzivirira chekudzokera kumashure chakabatana nepombi chichidikanwa, kutariswa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kupihwa kuwedzera kwekurasikirwa kwekumanikidza kunokonzerwa nekuiswa kweiyo inodzivirira kuyerera. Naizvozvo, kana pombi yemoto iri kushanda pa150% yehuwandu hwayo yakayerwa, NFPA 20 inoda kuti kusveta kudzvanywa kweinenge 0 psi kunyorwe pakuiswa. Ichi chinodiwa chinogona kududzirwa sechinoreva kuti suction pressure inorekodhwa pamudziyo wekudzoka panzvimbo pepombi yekusveta flange. Shanduro yakatevera yakajekesa kumanikidzwa kuverenga pachiteshi chekukwevera chepombi yemoto.
Zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira kudengenyeka zvakajekeswa kuratidza kuti zvinongoshanda kumamiriro ezvinhu apo mitemo yemunharaunda inoda zvakananga kuchengetedzwa kwezvigadziro zvekudzivirira moto kubva pakuparara kwekudengenyeka kwenyika. Mukuwedzera, mitemo yapfuura pamusoro pekuiswa kwepombi zvikamu zvakadzimwa kuitira kuti vagone kuramba kufamba kwe lateral kuenzana nehafu yehuremu hwemidziyo. NFPA 20 ikozvino inoda yakachinjika seismic mitoro inoenderana neNFPA 13; SEI/ASCE7; kana AHJ inogamuchirwa munharaunda, nyika, kana nyika dzese.
Shanduko idzi dzinoenderana nemaitiro azvino anoshandiswa kuchengetedza zvivakwa uye ane hukama masisitimu emagetsi kubva kumasimba anokonzerwa nezviitiko zvekudengenyeka kwenyika. Pfungwa yekushandisa hafu yehuremu hwemidziyo haina kungwara mumamiriro ese ezvinhu. Vashandisi veNFPA 20 vanofanirwa kuziva kuti mitoro yakachinjika inogadzirwa inosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenzvimbo yeprojekiti. Kunyange zvazvo NFPA 13 ichipa nzira yakareruka yekuona mutoro, uye SEI/ASCE7 ine nzira yakawandisa, NFPA 20 hairaire kushandiswa kwezviyero izvi, asi inobvumira AHJ kuita sarudzo yekupedzisira.
NFPA 20 inotsanangura musangano wepombi yemoto yakavharwa semusangano wepombi yemoto inounganidzwa munzvimbo yekurongedza uye inounzwa sechikamu kunzvimbo yekuisa. Izvo zvinhu zvinoda kunyorwa mupakeji-yakaunganidzwa zvinosanganisira pombi, madhiraivha, zvidzori, uye zvimwe zvishongedzo zvinotemwa nemupakiti. Izvi zvishongedzo zvakaunganidzwa pachigadziko chine kana chisina imba. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvekurongedza zvikamu zvakawedzerwa. Iyo pombi unit unit ichaunganidzwa uye inogadziriswa pane simbi yesimbi chimiro. Welder anounganidza packaging unit achasangana nezvinodiwa zveSection 9 yeASME Boiler uye Pressure Vessel Code kana American Welding Society AWS D1.1. Gungano rose rinofanira kurongedzerwa kushandiswa nepombi yemoto, uye yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirwa nemugadziri wegadziriro maererano nemirayiridzo muNFPA 20. Pakupedzisira, zvirongwa zvose uye mapepa ezvinyorwa zvinofanira kuendeswa kuAHJ kuti iongororwe, uye kopi yakadhindwa iyo inobvumirwa inofanira kuchengetwa kuti ichengeterwe zvinyorwa.
Shanduko idzi dzakaitwa kudzora zvirinani ndiani ane basa rekuona kuti yakazara pombi unit inogadzirwa, yakaiswa, uye inoshanda sezvaitarisirwa. Kunyange zvazvo mugadziri wepombi yemoto anowanzova chinhu chinodiwa kugadzirisa chero matambudziko ekuisa, mugadziri wepombi haisi iyo bato rinounganidza zvikamu zvepombi yemoto.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kubatana kwakananga pakati pepombi dzemoto uye zvitubu zvemvura, senge kubva kumvura yedhorobha, hazvibvumidzwe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, masevhisi kana mamwe masosi emvura haagone kupa kuyerera kwakanyanya kunodiwa nehurongwa hwekudzivirira moto, kana mamiriro ekuyerera anochinja zvakanyanya. Muzviitiko zvose izvi, kushandiswa kwetangi yekuvhiringidza kuvhiringidza kana kubvisa kubatanidzwa kune mvura kunopa sarudzo yekugadzira. Iyo yakavharwa tangi yemvura itangi remvura rinopa kusveta kwepombi yemoto, asi huwandu kana saizi yetangi yemvura idiki pane inodiwa nehurongwa hwekurwisa moto huri kushumirwa; ndiko kuti, tangi yemvura haigoni kuva nemvura inodiwa pakushanda kwegadziriro yose yekudzivirira moto.
Tangi rakachekwa rinonyanya kushandiswa (1) senzira yekudzivirira kuyerera kwemvura pakati pepombi yekusveta yepombi yemoto, (2) kubvisa kushanduka kwehutsigiro hwepombi yemvura, (3) kupa yakagadzikana uye inogara ichisveta kudzvanywa kwepombi yemoto, uye / Kana (4) Ipa mvura yekuchengetedza kuti uwedzere matsime emvura asingakwanisi kupa kuyerera kwakanyanya kunodiwa nehurongwa hwekudzima moto.
NFPA 20 inoda kuti saizi yetangi remvura igadziriswe kuitira kuti mvura yakachengetwa mutangi remvura ine otomatiki replenish function inofanira kupa iyo yakanyanya system inoda kuyerera uye nguva. Nepombi yemoto ichimhanya pa150% yehuwandu hwayo yakayerwa, saizi yetangi remvura inofanirawo kugara ingangoita maminetsi gumi nemashanu. Pamusoro pezvo, NFPA 20 inosanganisira mirau ine chekuita nekuzadza tangi yemafuta uye inoda kuti nzira yekuzadza inyorwe uye kurongerwa kushanda otomatiki. Yakananga mirau yekuzadza, senge ine chekuita nekuzadza mapaipi, mapombi ekupfuura, masaini emvura level, nezvimwe, zvinoenderana nehukuru hwese hwetangi. Kana saizi yetangi iri zvekuti huwandu hwayo hwakaderera pane yakanyanya system inodiwa ye30 maminetsi, seti yemitemo inoshanda. Kana tangi yakakurisa kuitira kuti huwandu hwayo hukwanise kusangana nehukuru hwehurongwa hweanoda kusvika maminetsi makumi matatu, imwe seti yemirairo ichashanda. Yakadzokororwa uye kurongedzazve ndima pamatangi akachekwa kuti ajekese mirau inoshanda zvichienderana nehukuru hwetangi.
Iyo NFPA inopa humwe hutungamiri hwekufambisa zviitiko zvakafanorongwa kuti bazi rezvemoto riwane uye ripe michina yepombi yemoto muzvivakwa zvepamusoro. Sezvakataurwa murugwaro rutsva rwekuwedzera, nzvimbo yekamuri yepombi muchivako chepamusoro-soro inoda kufungisisa. Muchiitiko chemoto, vashandi vanowanzotumirwa kuimba yepombi kuti vatarise kana kutonga kushanda kwepombi.
Iyo inonyanya kushanda nzira yekupa dziviriro kune ava vanopindura ndeyekupinda mukamuri yepombi zvakananga kubva kunze kwechivako. Zvisinei, urongwa uhwu hahusi nguva dzose huchigoneka kana hunoshanda kune zvivakwa zvepamusoro. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, makamuri epombi muzvivakwa zvepamusoro-soro anofanira kunge ari pauriri hwakawanda pamusoro kana pasi pevhu.
Kana imba yepombi isina kuyerwa, NFPA 20 inoda nzira yakachengetedzwa pakati pematanho nekamuri yepombi yemoto. Chiyero chekudzivirira moto chechikamu chinofanira kunge chakafanana nechiyero chekudzivirira moto chinodiwa padanho rekubuda rinoenda kuimba yepombi. Mitemo yakawanda yekuvaka uye yekuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu haibvumiri imba yepombi kuti itungamirire zvakananga kune yakavharwa masitepisi ekubuda, nokuti imba yepombi haisi nzvimbo inowanzogara. Nekudaro, nzira iri pakati pemasitepisi inoenda kuimba yepombi uye yekumusoro kana yepasi pombi imba inoda kuve ipfupi sezvinobvira uye inotungamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuvaka zvishoma sezvinobvira. Izvi zvinopa dziviriro iri nani kune vanopindura vachipinda nekubuda muimba yepombi kana moto wabvira.
Nzvimbo uye marongerwo epombi yepombi inofanirawo kuva nechokwadi chokuti mvura inobudiswa kubva pamichina yepombi (yakadai sepacking gland) uye vheji yekubuda uye vheji yekudzivirira inobatwa zvakachengeteka.
Sechikamu cheChitsauko 5, pfungwa yezvivakwa zvepamusoro-soro yakaunzwa mushanduro ye2013. Chivako chepamusoro-soro chinotsanangurwa sechivako chiri pauriri hwekugara huri 75 tsoka pamusoro penzvimbo yakaderera yedhipatimendi remoto yekuwana motokari. Mitemo yapfuura yeNFPA 20 yakaisa zvakanyanya zvivakwa zvakadaro sechikamu chimwe chete, zvisinei nekuti chivakwa chacho chine 200 tsoka kana 2000 tsoka kureba. Nekudaro, zvimwe zvivakwa zvakareba zvekuti hazvigoneke kuti midziyo yepombi yedhipatimendi remoto inopindurwa ikunde kureba kwakabatana uye kurasikirwa kwekukwesha kunosangana nekuyerera uye kudzvanywa zvinodiwa zvedziviriro yemoto pauriri hwepamusoro. Kunyange zvazvo shanduro yapfuura yeNFPA 20 yakataura nezvezvivakwa kana nzvimbo dziri kunze kwekupomba kwemagetsi emidziyo yedhipatimendi remoto mune dzimwe nguva, shanduro ye2013 ine zvimwe zvinonyanya kudiwa kune "zvivako zvakakura kwazvo". Zvisinei, vaverengi vanofanira kuziva kuti mimwe mitemo yemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro inowanikwawo muChitsauko 9, iyo inotaura nezvemagetsi ekugadzirisa pombi yemagetsi.
Kune "zvivakwa zvakakwirira kwazvo", kuiswa kwepombi yemoto kunoda kupa humwe hudziviriro uye redundancy, sezvinotsanangurwa pasi apa. Panzvimbo yekubatanidza mirairo mitsva yezvivakwa zvakakura kwazvo kune chaiwo marefu ekuvaka, zvinodiwa-zvinoenderana nekupindura kusimba rekupomba kwedhipatimendi remoto zvinorongwa. Dhipatimendi remoto rinotenga michina yakasiyana ine simba rekupomba rakasiyana, saka chiyero chinoenderana chete nehupamhi hwekuvaka hushoma. Chikwata chekugadzira ikozvino chinoda kunyatso simbisa kugona kwekupomba kwedhipatimendi remoto mukupindura kune yega purojekiti. Mimwe mitemo ine chekuita nematangi emvura asingachashandi nemapombi emoto yakawedzerwawo kune zvivakwa zvirefu.
Kana nzvimbo huru yekugovera mvura iri tangi remvura, matangi emvura maviri kana anopfuura anodiwa. Kana kamuri imwe neimwe inogona kushandiswa senge tangi yemvura yakaparadzana, tangi imwe yemvura inogona kukamurwa kuita makamuri maviri inobvumidzwa. Huwandu hwese hwese matangi ekuchengetedza kana makamuri anofanirwa kunge akakwana kuti asangane nezvose zvinodzivirira moto zvinodiwa zvehurongwa hwakakodzera. Saizi yega yega tangi yekuchengetera kana kamuri inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti inokwana makumi mashanu muzana yezvinodiwa zvekudzivirira moto zvinogona kuchengetwa kana chero imba kana tangi yekuchengetera isiri kushanda. Ndokumbira utarise kuti uyu mutemo haudi kuti yega yega tangi yemafuta kana komputa inogona kupa zvinodiwa nehurongwa hwese. Nekudaro, imwe neimwe tangi yemafuta uye / kana tangi yemafuta tangi inofanirwa kunge iine otomatiki yekuzadza mudziyo inogona kupa yakakwana system zvinodiwa. Kunyangwe kupihwa kwematangi ekuchengetera asina basa kana makamuri akaunzwa mushanduro ye2010, yakashandiswa zviri pamutemo muzvivakwa zvepamusoro-soro mu2013 edition.
Mapombi emoto munzvimbo dzinopfuura zvishoma kana zvachose simba rekupomba kwemidziyo yedhipatimendi remoto inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa yakazvimiririra yakazvimirira yega yekumira yemoto pombi unit kana akawanda mayuniti kuitira kuti nzvimbo dzese dzikwanise kuchengetedza basa rakazara kana chero pombi inopomba. Imwe sarudzo ndeyekupa nzira yekubatsira yekupa zvese zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira moto zvinogamuchirwa kuAHJ. Iyi yechipiri sarudzo inobvumira kutaurirana neAHJ kuti ipe basa rakawandisa repombi yemoto. Iyo ine musoro yakagadzirirwa giravhiti feedwater riser system inogona kuve sarudzo yekuzadzisa ichi chinodiwa. Rangarira, panogona kunge paine akawanda maAHJ eimwe dhizaini purojekiti.
Iyo pombi yekusveta inopa pombi yemoto inoda kugezwa zvakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti matombo, silt uye mamwe marara hazvipindire pombi kana hurongwa hwekudzimisa moto uye kukonzera kukanganisa. Iyo yakapfuura vhezheni yechiyero yaisanganisira matafura maviri aitsanangura kumhanya kwekufambisa kwemapombi akagadziriswa uye mapombi ekutamisa zvakanaka. Kune edition ya2013, matafura aya akabatanidzwa, anoshanda kune ese mapombi ekusveta, uye akavakirwa pahukuru hwezita hwepombi yekudhonza. Mwero wekuyerera kwepombi madiki akagadziridzwa zvakare kuratidza mwero wekuyerera kwemvura ungangoita 15 tsoka pasekondi.
Kana iyo yakatsanangurwa yakanyanya kuyerera yekuyerera isingasvikike, chiyero chinobvumira kuyerera kuyerera kudarika 100% yeyakatemerwa kuyerera kwepombi yemoto yakabatana, kana iyo yakanyanya kuyerera kudiwa kweiyo moto yekurwisa system, chero yakakura. Mutauro mutsva unoratidza kuti uku kuderera kwekuyerera kunokonzera muedzo unogamuchirwa, kunze kwekuti kuyerera kunopfuura kudarika kwekugadzirwa kwegadziriro yekudzivirira moto.
Mukuwedzera, mutauro wekubatanidza wakawedzerwa kuratidza kuti kana mvura iripo inotadza kuzadzisa chiyero chekuyerera chinotsanangurwa muchiyero, imwe sosi yekuwedzera, yakadai sepombi kubva kudhipatimendi remoto, inogona kudiwa. Iyo chiyero ikozvino ichasanganisirawo mutauro unoratidza kuti nzira dzekutsvaira dzinofanirwa kuitwa, kupupurirwa nekusainwa usati wabatana nepombi yemoto.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-16-2021
