Valve cryogenic treatment musimboti uye mashandisirwo ayo muindasitiri (mbiri) vharafu modhi yekugadzirira nzira yakadzama dhayagiramu

Valve cryogenic treatment musimboti uye mashandisirwo ayo muindasitiri (mbiri) vharafu modhi yekugadzirira nzira yakadzama dhayagiramu Iyo nzira yekurapa cryogenic ichiri mudanho rekutanga rekutsvaga. Zvichienderana nekutaura, iyo cryogenic mechanism yesimbi (simbi nesimbi) yakadzidzwa zvakanyanya, nepo cryogenic mashandiro esimbi isina-ferrous uye zvimwe zvinhu isinganyanyi kudzidzwa, uye haina kunyatso kujeka, iyo iripo nzira yekuongorora yakavakirwa pa simbi nesimbi zvinhu. Iyo microstructure refinement inoguma nekusimbiswa uye kuomarara kweiyo workpiece. Izvi zvinonyanya kureva kupatsanurwa kweiyo yekutanga gobvu martensite slats. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti martensite lattice constant yachinja. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti iyo microstructure refinement inokonzerwa nekuparara kwemartensite uye kunaya kwema carbides akanaka. Kubatana kwepamusoro: Valve cryogenic treatment principle uye kushandiswa kwayo kwemaindasitiri (1) 2. Cryogenic treatment mechanism Iyo nzira yekurapa cryogenic ichiri mukutanga kwekutsvaga. Zvichienderana nekutaura, iyo cryogenic mechanism yesimbi (simbi nesimbi) yakadzidzwa zvakanyanya, nepo cryogenic mashandiro esimbi isina-ferrous uye zvimwe zvinhu isinganyanyi kudzidzwa, uye haina kunyatso kujeka, iyo iripo nzira yekuongorora yakavakirwa pa simbi nesimbi zvinhu. 2.1 Cryogenic mechanism ye ferrous alloy (simbi) Pamusoro pekugadzirisa cryogenic kurapwa kwesimbi nesimbi, tsvakurudzo yemumba uye yekunze yakave yakanyanyisa uye yakadzika, uye munhu wose akasvika pakubvumirana, maonero makuru ndeaya anotevera. 2.1.1 Kunaya kwepamusoro-soro carbides kubva kumartensite, zvichiita kuti kupararira kuwedzere, kwakasimbiswa nezvinenge zvidzidzo zvose. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti martensite iri cryogenic pa -196 ℃ uye nekuda kwekuderera kwevhoriyamu, lattice yeFe The inogara iine tsika yekuderera, nokudaro kusimbisa simba rekufambisa kwekabhoni atomu kunaya. Nekudaro, nekuti kupararira kwakanyanya kuoma uye nhambwe yekupararira ipfupi pane tembiricha yakaderera, huwandu hukuru hwema ultrafine carbides akaparadzirwa anonaya pamatrix emartensite. 2.1.2 Shanduko residual austenite Pakupisa kwakadzika (pasi peMf point), iyo yakasara austenite decompositions uye inoshandura kuita martensite, iyo inovandudza kuoma uye kusimba kweiyo workpiece. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti cryogenic cooling inogona kubvisa zvachose yakasara austenite. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakaona kuti kutonhora kwe cryogenic kunogona chete kuderedza huwandu hwekusara austenite, asi haikwanise kuibvisa zvachose. Zvinotendwa zvakare kuti cryogenic kutonhora inoshandura chimiro, kugovera uye substructure yeasara austenite, iyo inobatsira kuvandudza kusimba uye kusimba kwesimbi. 2.1.3 Kugadziridzwa kweSangano Kukwenenzverwa kwemicrostructure kunoguma nekusimbaradza nekuomarara kwechishandiso. Izvi zvinonyanya kureva kupatsanurwa kweiyo yekutanga gobvu martensite slats. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti martensite lattice constant yachinja. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti iyo microstructure refinement inokonzerwa nekuparara kwemartensite uye kunaya kwema carbides akanaka. 2.1.4 Residual compressive stress on the surface Nzira yekutonhora inogona kukonzera kuyerera kwepurasitiki mukuremara (micropores, mukati mekugadzirisa kunetseka). Munguva yekudzorerazve, kushushikana kwakasara kunogadzirwa pamusoro pechinhu chisina maturo, chinogona kuderedza kukanganisa kwechikanganiso kune simba remunharaunda yezvinyorwa. Kushanda kwekupedzisira ndiko kuvandudzwa kweabrasive wear resistance. 2.1.5 Cryogenic treatment inotamisa zvishoma simba rekinetic ramaatomu esimbi Pane zvese zvinosunga masimba anochengeta maatomu ari pedyo pamwe chete nesimba rekinetic rinoramba rakaparadzana. Iyo cryogenic kurapwa inoendesa zvishoma simba rekinetic pakati peatomu, nekudaro kuita kuti maatomu abatane zvakanyanya uye nekuvandudza zvepabonde zvesimbi. 2.2 Cryogenic treatment mechanism yeasina-ferrous alloys 2.2.1 Chiito chekuita checryogenic treatment pane cemented carbide Yakave ichishumwa kuti cryogenic treatment inogona kuvandudza kuoma, kusimba kwesimba, kukanganisa kusimba uye magnetic coercivity ye cemented carbides. Asi inoita kuti kupera kwayo kuenderere pasi. Zvinoenderana nekuongorora, iyo nzira yekurapa cryogenic ndeyekutevera: chikamu A -- Co inoshandurwa kuita ξ -- Co nekurapa kwecryogenic, uye kumwe kusara kwekumanikidza kushushikana kunogadzirwa munzvimbo yepamusoro 2.2.2 Chiito chekuita che cryogenic kurapwa pa mhangura uye mhangura-based alloys Li Zhicao et al. akadzidza maitiro ekurapa cryogenic pane microstructure uye zvinhu zveH62 brass. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti cryogenic treatment inogona kuwedzera hukama hwe-β-phase mu microstructure, iyo yakaita kuti microstructure igare yakagadzikana, uye inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuoma uye simba reH62 brass. Izvo zvinobatsirawo kuderedza deformation, kudzikamisa saizi uye kunatsiridza kucheka kuita. Mukuwedzera, Cong Jilin naWang Xiumin et al. weDalian University of Technology akadzidza nezve cryogenic kurapwa kweCu-based materials, kunyanya CuCr50 vacuum switch yekubata zvinhu, uye mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuti cryogenic kurapwa kwaigona kuita iyo microstructure yakanyanya kunatswa, uye pakanga paine mutual dialysis phenomenon pakusangana kwearoyi maviri. , uye nhamba huru yezvimedu zvakakonzerwa pamusoro pearoyi maviri. Izvo zvakafanana nechiitiko che carbide inonaya pamuganhu wezviyo uye matrix pamusoro pesimbi yepamusoro-soro mushure mekurapwa kwe cryogenic. Uye zvakare, mushure mekurapa cryogenic, kushorwa kwemagetsi ekuora kwevacuum contact material kunovandudzwa. Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa ye cryogenic kurapwa kwemhangura electrode munyika dzekunze inoratidza kuti electric conductivity inovandudzwa, deformation yepurasitiki yekuguma kwewelding inoderedzwa, uye hupenyu hwesevhisi hunowedzera kanenge ka9. Zvisinei, hapana dzidziso yakajeka pamusoro pemagadzirirwo emhangura yemhangura, iyo inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nekushandurwa kwemhangura yemhangura pakupisa kwakadzika, iyo yakafanana nekushandurwa kwekusarira austenite kune martensite musimbi, nekunatswa kwezviyo. Asi magadzirirwo akadzama haasati asarudzwa. 2.2.3 Mhedzisiro uye nzira yekurapa cryogenic pane zvinhu zve nickel-based alloys Pane mishumo shomanana pamusoro pekurapa cryogenic ye nickel-based alloys. Zvinoshumwa kuti kurapwa kwecryogenic kunogona kuvandudza mapurasitiki e-nickel-based alloys uye kuderedza kunzwisiswa kwavo kune alternating stress concentration. Tsanangudzo yevanyori vezvinyorwa ndeyokuti kushushikana kwekunetseka kwezvinhu kunokonzerwa nekurapa cryogenic, uye microcracks inokura mune zvakasiyana. 2.2.4 Mhedzisiro uye nzira yekurapa cryogenic pane zvinhu zveamorphous alloys Kana iri mhedzisiro yekurapa cryogenic pane zvinhu zveamorphous alloys, Co57Ni10Fe5B17 yakadzidzwa mumabhuku, uye inowanikwa kuti kurapwa kwecryogenic kunogona kuvandudza kusagadzikana kwekusapfeka uye. mechanical properties yeamorphous zvinhu. Vanyori vanotenda kuti kurapwa kwe cryogenic kunokurudzira kuiswa kwezvinhu zvisiri-magineti pamusoro, zvichikonzera shanduko yemaitiro yakafanana nekuzorora kwemaitiro panguva yekristaro. 2.2.5 Mhedzisiro uye nzira yekurapa cryogenic paaluminium uye aluminium-based alloy Aluminium uye aruminiyamu alloy cryogenic processing research ndiyo hotspot mukutsvaga kwemumba cryogenic kurapwa mumakore achangopfuura, Li Huan uye chuan-hai jiang et al. Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti cryogenic treatment inogona kubvisa kusara kwekushushikana kwealuminium silicon carbide composite zvinhu uye kuvandudza modulus yayo elasticity, rugare Shang Guang fang-wei jin uye vamwe vakawana kuti cryogenic kurapwa kuvandudza dimension kugadzikana kwealuminium alloy, kuderedza machining deformation. , kunatsiridza kusimba uye kuoma kwezvinhu, Zvisinei, havana kuita chidzidzo chakarongeka pamusoro pechigadzirwa chakabatana, asi kazhinji vaidavira kuti kushushikana kunokonzerwa nekushisa kwakawedzera kuwanda kwekuparadzanisa uye kwakakonzera. Chen Ding et al. kubva kuCentral South University yeTekinoroji zvakarongeka zvakadzidza maitiro ekurapa cryogenic pane zvimiro zveanowanzo shandiswa aruminiyamu alloys. Vakawana chiitiko chekutenderera kwezviyo kwealuminium alloys inokonzerwa ne cryogenic treatment mukutsvakurudza kwavo, uye vakaronga nhevedzano yemaitiro matsva ekusimbisa cryogenic ealuminium alloys. Zvinoenderana neiyo GB/T1047-2005 chiyero, dhayamita yezita revhavha chiratidzo chete, chinomiririrwa nekubatanidzwa kwechiratidzo "DN" uye nhamba. Saizi yezita haigone kuve yakayerwa dhayamita yevharuvhu kukosha, uye iyo chaiyo dhayamita kukosha kwevharuvhu inotarwa nezviyero zvinoenderana. Huwandu hwakayerwa huyero (yuniti mm) haifanire kunge iri pasi pe 95% yehuremu hwezita. Saizi yezita yakakamurwa kuita metric system (chiratidzo: DN) neBritish system (chiratidzo: NPS). Iyo yenyika standard valve ndeye metric system, uye American standard valve iBritish system. Pasi pekusundidzira kwemaindasitiri, kuvandudzwa kwemaguta, ** uye kudyidzana kwepasirese, tarisiro yeChinese mavharuvhu ekugadzira indasitiri yakakura, yeramangwana indasitiri yevharuvhu **, yepamba, yemazuva ano, ndiyo ichava kutungamira kweiyo ramangwana indasitiri yekuvandudza. Iko kutsvaga kuenderera mberi hunyanzvi, gadzira musika mutsva wemabhizinesi evharuvhu, kuitira kuti mabhizinesi ari mumakwikwi ari kuwedzera anotyisa muindasitiri yepombi yekupona nekusimudzira. Mukugadzirwa kwevharuvhu uye kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kwetsigiro yehunyanzvi, iyo vheji yepamba haina kufuratira kupfuura yevhavha yekune dzimwe nyika, pane zvinopesana, zvigadzirwa zvakawanda muhunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi zvinogona kuenzaniswa nemabhizinesi epasirese, kusimudzira kweindasitiri yevhavhavha yepamba iri kufambira mberi. gwara remazuva ano. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji yevharuvhu, kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yevharuvhu kunoramba kuchiwedzera, uye chiyero chevharuvhu chinoenderana chinowedzera uye chinonyanya kukosha. Zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri evhavha zvakapinda munguva yehunyanzvi, kwete chete zvikamu zvechigadzirwa zvinoda kuvandudzwa, bhizinesi remukati manejimendi rinodawo kudzika zvichienderana neindasitiri zviyero. Nominal dhayamita uye nemazita kumanikidzwa kwevharuvhu GB/T1047-2005 yakajairika, iyo dhayamita yezita revharuvhu inongova chiratidzo, inomiririrwa nekubatanidzwa kwechiratidzo "DN" uye nhamba, saizi yezita haigone kuve ** iyo yakayerwa dhayamita yevhavha kukosha, iyo chaiyo yedhayamita kukosha kwevhavha inotarwa neakakodzera zviyero, iyo general kuyerwa kukosha (unit mm) haingave isingasviki 95% yezita rekukosha kukosha. Saizi yezita yakakamurwa kuita metric system (chiratidzo: DN) neBritish system (chiratidzo: NPS). Iyo yenyika standard valve ndeye metric system, uye American standard valve iBritish system. Kukosha kwemetric DN ndeiyi: Iyo yakasarudzwa DN kukosha ndeyotevera: DN10(nominal dhayamita 10mm), DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN125, DN150, DN20, DN20, DN20 DN300, DN350, DN400, DN450, DN500, DN600, DN700, DN800, DN900, DN1000, DN1100, DN1200, DN1400,DN1600, DN202002, DN20002, DN2000, DN2000 , DN3000, DN3200, DN3500, DN4000 Maererano neGB/ T1048-2005 yakajairwa, iyo yekumanikidza yezita revhavha zvakare chiratidzo, chinomiririrwa nekubatanidzwa kwechiratidzo "PN" uye nhamba. Nominal pressure (unit: Mpa Mpa) haigone kushandiswa pakuverenga, kwete ** iyo chaiyo yakayerwa kukosha kwevhavha, chinangwa chekugadzwa kwezita rekumanikidza ndechekurerutsa kutsanangurwa kwenhamba yekumanikidza kwevhavha, mukusarudza. , dhizaini yekugadzira, mashizha ekugadzira uye mashizha ekushandisa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvedheta pedyo nemusimboti, kugadzwa kwehukuru hwezita ndicho chinangwa chimwe chete. Nominal pressure yakakamurwa kuva European system (PN) uye American system (> PN0.1 (nominal pressure 0.1mpa), PN0.6, PN1.0, PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63/64 , PN100/110, PN150/160, PN260, PN320, PN420 > Valve modhi yekugadzirira preface Iyo VALVE modhi inofanirwa kazhinji kuratidza mhando yevharuvhu, drive mode, yekubatanidza fomu, hunhu hwemagadzirirwo, chisimbiso chepamusoro zvinhu, vharafu muviri zvinhu uye kudzvanywa kwezita nezvimwe. Iyo yekumisikidza yemhando yevharuvhu yakanakira dhizaini, kusarudzwa uye kutengeswa kwemavharuvhu Mazuva ano, kune akawanda uye akawanda marudzi uye zvigadzirwa zvemavharuvhu, uye iyo modhi system yevhavha iri kuramba ichiwedzera kuoma muyero wekugadzwa kwevhavhavha, asi zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya hazvigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zveindasitiri yevhavhavha kusingakwanise kushandisa nhamba yakajairwa yevhavha itsva, mugadziri wega wega anogona kugadzirirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvavo inoshandiswa kune mavharuvhu egedhi, mavharuvhu emagetsi, mavharuvhu ebhora, mavharuvhu, mavharuvhu e diaphragm, mavharuvhu eplunger, mavharuvhu ePLUG, mavharuvhu ekutarisa, mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza, mavharuvhu ekuderedza kumanikidza, misungo uye zvichingodaro kune mapaipi emaindasitiri. Inosanganisira modhi yevharuvhu uye zita revharuvhu. Valve modhi yakananga nzira yekugadzirira Iyi inotevera dhayagiramu yekutevedzana kwekodhi yega yega mune yakajairwa vheji yemhando yekunyora nzira: Valve modhi yekugadzirira sequence dhayagiramu Kunzwisisa dhayagiramu kuruboshwe ndiyo yekutanga nhanho yekunzwisisa mavharuvhu akasiyana-siyana. Heino muenzaniso wekukupa kunzwisisa kwakazara: Rudzi rwevharuvhu: "Z961Y-100> "Z" iyuniti 1; "9" mayunitsi maviri; "6" mayunitsi matatu; "1" mayunitsi mana; "Y" ndeyemayuniti mashanu; "100" ndeyeChikamu 7 Mienzaniso yevharuvhu ndeye: vharafu yegedhi, electric drive, welded connection, wedge type single gedhi, carbide seal, 10Mpa pressure, chrome-molybdenum body material; . Chikamu 1: Mavharuvhu emhando yekodhi Kune mamwe mavharuvhu ane mamwe mabasa kana nemamwe masisitimu akakosha, wedzera izwi rechiChinese pamberi peiyo kodhi yemhando yevharufu Kune mavara earufabheti, maererano netafura inotevera: Zvikamu zviviri: nzira yekufambisa Chikamu 3: Chikwata chekubatanidza Chikamu Chechina: Chimiro mhando Gedhi vharafu chimiro fomu kodhi Zvimiro fomu makodhi eglobe, throttle uye plunger mavharuvhu