Valve yekuongorora kutevedzana uye kungwarira pamberi uye mushure mekugadzika vharafu zvinhu zvinoshanda zvepakati tsananguro

Kutevedzana kwevhavhavha yekuongorora uye matanho ekudzivirira pamberi uye mushure mekuiswa kwevharuvhu inoshanda yepakati tsananguro Iyo shell test pressure yevharuvhu ndeye 1.5 nguva yehukuru inobvumirwa kushanda kumanikidza kana vheji iri pa20 ℃, uye bvunzo yekuisa chisimbiso ndeye 1.1 nguva dzeiyo yakakura inobvumidzwa kushanda. kumanikidza kana vharafu iri pa20 ℃. Nguva yekuyedzwa haifaniri kunge iri pasi pe5min. Tembiricha yekuyedza i5 ~ 40 ℃. (4) Kuongororwa kwevhavhavha yekudzivirira kuchave zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zveyezvino nyika zviyero uye magwaro ekugadzira ekugadzirisa kumanikidza uye kuisirwa bvunzo. Vavhavha yekudzivirira inofanirwa kunyorwa zvakanaka, yakavharwa, yakapihwa cheki cheki. (1) Ivhavha inofanira kuongororwa kuti ionekwe kunaka kusati kwaiswa, muviri wevhavha unofanira kunge wakasimba, nzira yekuvhura inofanira kushanduka, tsinde yevharuvhu haifaniri kutsvedza, kuremara, kusungirirwa, uye chiratidzo chinofanira kunge chakakwana. (2) Valve shell pressure test uye yekuisa chisimbiso bvunzo inofanira kuitwa, iyo valve shell pressure test uye yekuisa chisimbiso bvunzo inofanira kunge iri mvura yakachena seyepakati, simbi isina tsvina yevhavha bvunzo, zvirimo zve chloride ion mumvura hazvifanire kudarika 25ppm. (3) iyo shell test pressure yevhavha ndeye 1.5 nguva yehukuru hunobvumirwa kushanda kumanikidziro apo valve iri pa 20 ℃, uye muedzo wekuisa chisimbiso ndeye 1.1 nguva dzehukuru hunobvumirwa kushanda kushanda apo valve iri pa 20 ℃. Nguva yebvunzo haifanire kunge iri pasi pe5min. Tembiricha yekuyedza i5 ~ 40 ℃. (4) Kuongororwa kwevhavhavha yekudzivirira kuchave zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zveyezvino nyika zviyero uye magwaro ekugadzira ekugadzirisa kumanikidza uye kuisirwa bvunzo. Vavhavha yekudzivirira inofanirwa kunyorwa zvakanaka, yakavharwa, yakapihwa cheki cheki. Valve zvinhu zvinoshanda zvepakati tsananguro vharafu zvinoshanda zvepakati tsananguro: 1, vharafu inowanzo shandiswa kuita zvinhu (1) Iron (1) Gray cast iron: yakadai seHT200, HT250, nezvimwewo, yakakodzera PN≤16, tembiricha inoshanda pakati -10 ℃ ~ 100 ℃ mafuta, general liquid medium (mvura, chiutsi, petroleum zvigadzirwa, nezvimwewo); PN≤10, tembiricha yekushanda iri pakati pe -10 ℃ ~ 200 ℃ chiutsi, hunhu hwegasi, gasi, ammonia uye mamwe midhiya (ammonia, doro, aldehyde, ether, ketone, ester uye mamwe midhiya isingaore). Haina kukodzera hydrochloric acid, nitric acid uye mamwe midhiya. Asi inogona kushandiswa muconcentrated sulfuric acid, nekuti concentrated sulfuric acid inogona kuburitsa firimu rakacheneswa pamusoro pesimbi yayo kudzivirira kukora kwesimbi yakakandwa neconcentrated sulfuric acid. (2) inogadzika simbi yakakandwa: yakadai seKTH350-10, KTH450-06, zvichingodaro, yakakodzera PN≤25, tembiricha yekushanda iri pakati -10 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ pakati pehupfu, zvakajairika zvegasi uye mvura, mafuta uye mamwe midhiya. Kupokana kwayo kwakafanana negrey cast iron. ③ Nodular cast iron: yakadai seQT400-15, QT450-10, nezvimwewo, yakakodzera PN≤25 kushanda tembiricha pakati -10 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ chiutsi, gasi nemafuta uye mamwe midhiya. Kudzivirirwa kwayo kwekuora kwakasimba, inogona kushanda mune imwe sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acid munyu. Asi isingadziviriri kune fluoric acid, yakasimba alkali, hydrochloric acid uye ferric chloride inopisa solution corrosion. Shandisa kudzivirira kupisa kamwe kamwe, kamwe kamwe kutonhora, kana zvisina kudaro ichaputsa. (4) nickel cast iron: alkali resistance pane grey cast iron, nodular cast iron valve; Nickel cast iron ndiyo yakanakira vharafu zvinhu zve dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid uye caustic soda. (2) kabhoni simbi Carbon simbi ine WCA, WCB uye WCC, yakakodzera chiutsi, isingaore gasi, oiri uye zvine hukama zvigadzirwa uye mamwe midhiya ane tembiricha yekushanda pakati -29 ~ 425 ℃. (3) Stainless simbi Iyo 304 yakatevedzana yesimbi isina tsvina inowanzoshanda kune tembiricha yekushanda iri pakati -196 ℃ ~ 650 ℃ chiutsi, gasi risingaparare, oiri nezvimwe zvine hukama nezvimwe nhepfenyuro; Corrosive media ine tembiricha yekushandisa iri pakati -30 ℃ ne200 ℃. Iine yakanakisa gasi kuramba, kuramba nitric asidhi uye mamwe oxidizing midhiya, asiwo alkali, mvura, munyu, organic acid uye mamwe organic komisheni ngura. Asi haidziviriri kune sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid uye imwe isiri-oxidizing acid corrosion, zvakare haidziviri kuomesa hydrogen chloride, oxidizing chloride uye oxalic acid, lactic acid uye mamwe organic acids. ② Pahwaro hwe304 ine 2% ~ 3% molybdenum 316 yakatevedzana simbi isina tsvina, kushora kwayo kuri nani kupfuura 304 yakatevedzana simbi isina tsvina, iri nani pane chromium nickel simbi isina oxidizing acid uye inopisa organic acid, chloride corrosion resistance. kupfuura chromium nickel simbi isina tsvina, corrosion resistance yakanaka. Iyo 321, 347 yakatevedzana Stainless simbi ine titanium kana niobium ine yakasimba kuramba kune intergranular corrosion. ④ Iine yakakwira chromium, yakakwira nickel 904L yakatevedzana simbi isina tsvina, kushorwa kwayo kwakakwira kupfuura yakajairwa simbi isina tsvina, inogona kushandiswa kubata ne sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, yakasanganiswa asidhi, sulfite, organic acid, alkali, munyu mhinduro, hydrogen sulfide, nezvimwewo, uye kunyange inogona kushandiswa mune kumwe kuungana kwezviitiko zvekushisa kwakanyanya. Asi isingadziviriri kune concentrated kana inopisa hydrochloric acid, wet fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, aqua regia corrosion. (4) Copper alloy Copper alloy inonyanya kukodzera PN≤25, kushanda tembiricha pakati -40 ℃ ~ 180 ℃ okisijeni, mvura yegungwa pombi mavharuvhu, ine zvakanaka ngura kuramba mvura, mvura yegungwa, zvakasiyana-siyana munyu mhinduro, organic zvinhu. Iine yakanaka corrosion resistance kune sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid uye dilute hydrochloric acid isina oxygen kana oxidant, uye ine kumira kwakanaka kune alkali. Asi haidziviriri nekuora kwe nitric acid, yakanyungudutswa sulfuric acid uye mamwe oxidizing acids, uye haidziviriri nekuora kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa, sulfur uye sulfide. Dzivisa kusangana neammonia, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kuora kuputsika kwemhangura nemhangura alloy. Kuchenjerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kune kusarudzwa kwemhangura yemhangura, kupikisa kwayo kwekuora kune imwe mutsauko. (5) Aluminium alloy Aluminium alloy ine yakanaka corrosion resistance kune yakasimba oxidizing concentrated nitric acid uye inogona kumira organic acids uye zvinonyungudutsa. Asi mukudzikisa pakati, asidhi yakasimba, yakasimba base corrosion resistance. Iyo yakanyanya kuchena aruminiyamu iri, zviri nani inopesana nekuora, asi simba rayo rinodzikira uye rinogona kungoshandiswa kune yakaderera mavharuvhu kana mavharuvhu linings. (6) Titanium alloy Titanium alloy inonyanya kukodzera PN≤25, kushanda tembiricha pakati -30 ℃ ~ 316 ℃ mvura yegungwa, chloride, oxidizing acid, organic acid, alkali uye mamwe midhiya. Titanium isimbi inoshanda uye inogona kugadzira oxide firimu ine yakanaka corrosion resistance patembiricha yepakamuri. Inokwanisa mvura yegungwa, siyana chloride uye hypochlorite, chlorine, oxidizing asidhi, organic asidhi, alkali uye dzimwe ngura. Asi haidziviriri kune yakanyanya kuchena kuderedza asidhi, senge sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid corrosion, asi kuramba kune oxidizing acid corrosion. Titanium vharafu ine kumira kwakanaka kwekukukurwa kwegomba. Asi muhutsi dzvuku nitric acid, chloride, methanol uye mamwe midhiya inoburitsa kusagadzikana ngura. (7) Zirconium alloy Zirconium zvakare ndeyesimbi inoshanda, inogona kugadzira pedyo neoxyde firimu, ine yakanaka corrosion resistance kune nitric acid, chromic acid, alkali, alkali yakanyungudutswa, munyu mvura, urea, mvura yegungwa, asi kwete hydrofluoric acid, yakanyungudutswa. sulfuric acid, aqua regia corrosion, zvakare isingamiri kune yakanyorova chlorine uye oxidizing metal chloride corrosion. (8) Ceramics Ceramic valve inopihwa pamberi kune silicon dioxide fusion sintering, senge zirconia, alumina, silicon nitride, nezvimwewo, mukuwedzera kune yakanyanya kupfeka inodzivirira, kupisa kupisa, kuita kwekudzivirira, zvakare ine yakanyanya kusimba inodzivirira. kugona, kunze kwekusava neokisijeni fluorine asidhi, fluosilicic acid uye alkali inodzivirira, inogona kupisa yakanyungudutswa nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, aqua regia, munyu mhinduro uye organic zvinonyungudutsa sepakati, zvinowanzoshanda kuPN mumutsara wechitanhatu kana zvishoma. Iri rudzi rwevhavha yakadai sekushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu, pakusarudza, inofanira kufunga nezvekudzivirira kwekuora kwezvimwe zvinhu. (9) Girazi faibha yakasimbiswa mapurasitiki Kudzivirirwa kwekuora kweFRP kunosiyana nekunamira kwayo. Epoxy resin FRP inogona kushandiswa muhydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, dilute sulfuric acid uye mamwe organic acids; Iyo corrosion resistance ye phenolic fiber reinforced plastics iri nani. Furan FRP ine yakanaka alkali kuramba, asidi kuramba uye yakazara corrosion kuramba, iyo inowanzoenderana nePN≤16 pombi. (10) Plastiki Mavharuvhu epurasitiki anofananidzwa nekuramba kwakasimba kwekuora, uye kunyange mavharuvhu esimbi haagone kuve nezvakanakira. Kazhinji inoshanda kuPN≤6 pombi, ine marudzi akasiyana epurasitiki, mutsauko wayo wekupokana wakakura. (1) Nylon, inozivikanwawo se polyamide, iyo thermoplastic, ine yakanaka corrosion resistance. Inogona kurwisa kusvibiswa kweasidhi yakanyungudika, munyu uye alkali, uye ine yakanaka corrosion resistance kune hydrocarbon, ketone, ether, ester uye mafuta. Asi kwete kupikisa kune yakasimba acid, oxidizing acid, phenol uye formic acid corrosion. (2) POLYvinyl chloride: polyvinyl chloride ipurasitiki ye thermoplastic, ine yakanakisa corrosion resistance. Acid, alkali, munyu, organic matter. Haisi kupikisa concentrated nitric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride, ketone, halogenated, inonhuhwirira uye imwe ngura. (3) POLYETHYLENE: polyethylene ine corrosion resistance yakanakisa, ine good corrosion resistance to hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid nemamwe asiri oxidizing acids pamwe nekunyungudutsa nitric acid, alkali, munyu mushonga uye organic solvent pakamuri tembiricha. Asi isingadziviriri kune concentrated nitric acid, sulfuric acid uye imwe yakasimba oxidant corrosion. (4) polypropylene: polypropylene inonzi thermoplastic, kurwisana kwayo kwemarara kwakafanana ne polyethylene, zvishoma zviri nani kupfuura polyethylene. Inogona kumira yakawanda organic asidhi, inorganic asidhi, alkali, munyu, asi kuti concentrated nitric acid, fuming sulfuric asidhi, chlorsulfonic asidhi uye zvimwe yakasimba oxidizing asidhi ngura kuramba murombo. ⑤ Phenolic mapurasitiki: mapurasitiki ephenolic anogona kumira nekuora kwehydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid uye imwe isiri-oxidizing acid, munyu mhinduro. Asi kwete kuramba nitric asidhi, chromic asidhi uye imwe yakasimba oxidizing asidhi, alkali uye zvimwe organic solvents ngura. ⑥ Chlorinated polyether, inozivikanwawo sepolychlorinated ether, ine mutsara, yakakwirira crystallinity ye thermoplastics. Iyo ine yakanakisa corrosion kuramba, * yakaderera kune fluorine mapurasitiki. Iyo inokwanisa kudzika sulfuric acid, yakadzika nitric acid kunze kwemarudzi ese easidhi, alkali, munyu uye yakawanda organic solvents ngura, asi isingamiri kune liquid chlorine, fluorine, bromine corrosion. ⑦ Polytrifluorovinyl chloride: iyo uye mamwe mapurasitiki efluorine, ane yakanakisa kusadzivirirwa kwecorrosion uye zvimwe zvivakwa, corrosion resistance yakaderera zvishoma pane ptfe. Iyo ine yakanaka corrosion resistance kune organic acid, inorganic acid, alkali, munyu uye akasiyana organic solvents. Zvimwe zvinonyungudutsa zvine halogens uye oxygen izvo zvinoita kuti zvizvimbe pakupisa kwakanyanya. Haisi kurwisa kupisa kwakanyanya kwefluorine, fluoride, alkali yakanyungudutswa, yakanyungudutswa nitric acid, inonhuhwirira, fuming nitric acid, yakanyungudutswa yealkali simbi, etc. Polytetrafluoroethylene: polytetrafluoroethylene ine yakanakisa ngura kuramba, iyo mukuwedzera kune yakanyungudutswa simbi lithium, potassium, sodium , chlorine trifluoride, okisijeni trifluoride pakupisa kwepamusoro, kuyerera kwakanyanya kwefluorine yemvura, kunenge kusvibiswa kwese kwemakemikari media, chakashata ndechekuti ine kuyerera kwechando. (11) Lining Nekuda kwekuderera kwesimba repurasitiki, mavharuvhu mazhinji anoshandisa zvinhu zvesimbi kugadzira goko, nepurasitiki, rubber lining. Mavharuvhu ane mitsetse anowanzo akakodzera PN≤16 mapaipi, ane akasiyana lining zvinhu, ayo tembiricha kuramba, ngura kuramba hakuna kufanana. Plastiki lining: Kupokana kwegora kweplastic lining kwakafanana neiyo yezvinhu zvinoenderana mumapurasitiki ari pamusoro. Zvisinei, pakusarudza, kupikisa kwekuora kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumapurasitiki akaiswa mavharuvhu anofanirwa kufungwa. Rubber lining: rabha rakapfava, saka mavharuvhu mazhinji anoshandisa rubber lining kuvandudza kudzivirira kwecorrosion uye kuvhara kushanda kwevhavha. Iyo corrosion resistance yerabha inosiyana zvakanyanya nemhando dzakasiyana dzerubha. Mushure mevulcanization yerabha yakasikwa inogona kumira isiri-oxidizing acid, alkali, munyu corrosion, asi isingadziviriri kune yakasimba oxidants, yakadai se nitric acid, chromic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid corrosion, uyewo haigoni kupikisa petroleum zvigadzirwa uye mamwe organic solvents corrosion: saka , rabha yechisikigo yakatsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma nerabha yakagadzirwa. NBR in synthetic rubber ine mafuta akanaka ekupikisa, asi haigoni kupikisa oxidation acid, inonhuwira hydrocarbon, ester, ketone, ether uye imwe yakasimba yakanyungudutsa corrosion; Fluorine rabha ine yakanakisa corrosion resistance, inogona kushingirira marudzi ese easidhi, alkali, munyu, petroleum zvigadzirwa, mahydrocarboni, nezvimwewo, asi kupikisa kwekunyungudutsa hakuna kunaka semapurasitiki efluorine; Polyether rabha inogona kushandiswa mumvura, mafuta, ammonia, alkali uye mamwe midhiya. Lead lining: lead isimbi inoshanda, asi nekuda kwechinhu chayo chakapfava, inowanzoshandiswa semucheka wemavharuvhu chaiwo. Iyo corrosion product film ye lead isimba rekudzivirira rakasimba. Icho chinhu chakakurumbira chinopesana ne sulfuric acid. Iine high corrosion resistance muphosphoric acid, chromic acid, carbonic acid uye neutral solution, mvura yegungwa nemamwe midhiya, asi haidziviriri kune alkali uye hydrochloric acid corrosion, uye haina kukodzera kushanda muzvigadzirwa zvavo zvekuora.