Kushandiswa kwevhavha uye kugadzirisa ruzivo rwekutanga: kuisirwa mavharuvhu kunofanirwa kutarisisa kuzvinhu uye ruzivo

Kushandisa mavharuvhu uye kugadzirisa ruzivo rwekutanga: kuisirwa mavharuvhu kunofanirwa kutarisisa kuzvinhu uye ruzivo Zvimwe zvematanho ekutanga ane yenyika uye yedhipatimendi zviyero. Iyo dhayamita yezita reinopinza uye yekubuda nzira yevharuvhu inonzi zita rekuti dhayamita yevharuvhu. Iyo inomiririrwa naDg (yenyika chiyero Dn yekuyedza), mumamirimita (mm). Iyo yezita dhayamita yevhavha inotsanangurwa muyero yenyika GB1074-70. Nominal dhayamita akatevedzana mavharuvhu anoratidzwa Table 1-1. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, zita rezita revhavha rinopindirana nehupamhi chaihwo. Pane chiitiko chekuti dhayamita yezita haienderane nedhayamita chaiyo yevharuvhu yefogi inoshandiswa mukudzvinyirira kwemakemikari indasitiri uye petroleum. Kudzvanywa kwezita kwevharuvhu kunonzi kudzvanywa kwezita revhavha. Iyo inoratidzirwa nePg (yeyero yenyika inoratidzirwa nePN, iyo yekumanikidza unit iri bar), uye iyo unit ndeye kg simba / cm2 (kgf/cm2). Kana Pg16 yakanyorwa pavhavha, iyo inonzi inonzi pressure yevhavha ndeye 16 kg simba / cm 2. Zita rekumanikidzika revhavha rinotsanangurwa munharaunda yenyika GB1048-70. Nominal pressure series yevhavha inoratidzwa muTable 1-2. Iyo chaiyo yekumanikidza simba revhavha inowanzove yakakura kudarika zita rekumanikidzwa kwevhavha, iyo yakagadzirirwa kufunga nezvekuchengetedza chinhu. Musimba revhavha yekumanikidza bvunzo, maererano nezvinopihwa zvinotenderwa kupfuura zita rekumanikidza, munzvimbo yekushanda yevhavhavha, yakanyatso kukamurwa pamusoro pekumanikidza basa, kazhinji inosarudza zvishoma pane yezita rekumanikidza kukosha. Tatu, hukama huri pakati pekushanda kwevhavhavha uye kupisa kwekushanda kwevhavha munzvimbo yekushanda yekumanikidzika kunonzi kushanda kwevhavha, iyo inoenderana nezvinhu uye kupisa kwekushanda kwepakati pevhavha. . Inomiririrwa naP, nhamba iri pakona yekurudyi yeshoko reP ndiyo yepakati ** tembiricha yepamusoro yakakamurwa negumi nhamba. Semuenzaniso, P42 inoratidza kushanda kwevhavha yepakati pakupisa kwepamusoro kwe425 ℃. Valve kushanda tembiricha uye rinoenderana hombe kushanda kumanikidza kuchinja tafura kwenguva pfupi. Ona Tafura 1-3, 4, 5. Muenzaniso wekushanda: 40kg simba / cm 2 carbon steel valve mukati mekushisa kwekushanda kwe425 ℃ pane pombi, iyo yakanyanya kushanda kumanikidzika ndiyo yakawanda sei iyo yekutanga matanhatu kubva patafura 1- 3 carbon steel column, tsvaga tembiricha yekushanda ye425 ℃ gidhi kuti utarise pasi, wobva watarisa zita rekumanikidza koramu ye40 kg force/cm 2 grid kutarisa pasi, Nhamba iri pamharadzano yemabhawa maviri ndiyo yakanyanya kushanda kudzvinyirira P4222 kg / cm 2 yeiyi carbon steel valve Iyo yakakodzera yepakati yevhavha chinhu chinofanirwa kutariswa mukugadzira uye kusarudzwa kwevhavha. Nzira yekuziva sei "vharuvhu yepakati" ndapota verenga sampuli yevhavha uye anti-corrosion manual pamwe nekushandiswa nekugadzirisa kwevhavha Ruzivo: vharafu yekuisa inofanira kutarisisa nyaya uye ruzivo rwechinzvimbo chekuisa valve, inofanira kuva yakanakira. kushanda: kunyange kana kuiswa kwacho kwakaoma kwenguva, asiwo nokuda kwebasa renguva refu remushandisi. Zviri nani kuti handwheel yevhavha inopindirana nebhokisi (kazhinji 1.2 mamita kubva pauriri hwekushanda), kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuzarura nekuvhara valve. Ground valve handwheel inofanira kunge iri kumusoro, usarerekera, kuitira kudzivirira kushanda kusina kunaka. Muchina wemadziro unoenderana nevhavha yemidziyo, asi zvakare siya nzvimbo yekuti mushandisi amire. Usati waiswa, vharuvhu inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti itarise iyo yakatarwa uye mhando uye kuona kana paine kukuvadzwa, kunyanya kune yevhavha stem. Valve yekuisa mhando, inokanganisa zvakananga kushandiswa, saka inofanirwa kutarisisa kune. (1) Kutungamira uye chinzvimbo Mavharuvhu mazhinji ane gwara, senge globe mavharuvhu, throttle mavharuvhu, ekudzikisa mavharuvhu, cheki mavharuvhu, nezvimwewo, kana inverted inverted, zvinokanganisa mashandisiro ekushandisa uye hupenyu (senge throttle mavharuvhu), kana kwete. shanda zvachose (sekudzikisa mavharuvhu), uye kunyange kukonzera njodzi (senge cheki mavharuvhu). General valve, chiratidzo chekutungamira pamutumbi wevharuvhu; Kana zvisina kudaro, inofanira kunyatsozivikanwa maererano nemutemo wekushanda wevhavha. Ivhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhahaineasymmetrical,iyo mvura inofanira kuirega kubva pasi ichienda kumusoro kuburikidza negomba revharuvhu, kuitira kuti kudzivirira kwemvura kuri kudiki (kunotemerwa nechimiro), vhura simba rekuchengetedza (nekuda kwepakati pekumanikidza kumusoro) , yakavharwa mushure mekunge iyo yepakati haina kumanikidza kurongedza, nyore kugadzirisa, ichi ndicho chikonzero iyo globe valve isingagoni kupindurwa. Mamwe mavharuvhu anewo maitiro awo. Valve yekuisa chinzvimbo, inofanirwa kuve yakanakira kushanda: kunyangwe kuisirwa kwakaoma kwenguva, asiwo yebasa renguva refu remushandisi. Zviri nani kuti handwheel yevhavha inopindirana nebhokisi (kazhinji 1.2 mamita kubva pauriri hwekushanda), kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuzarura nekuvhara valve. Ground valve handwheel inofanira kunge iri kumusoro, usarerekera, kuitira kudzivirira kushanda kusina kunaka. Muchina wemadziro unoenderana nevhavha yemidziyo, asi zvakare siya nzvimbo yekuti mushandisi amire. Kuti udzivise kusimudza kushanda, kunyanya asidhi uye alkali, ine chepfu midhiya, zvikasadaro haina kuchengetedzeka. Usafuratira gedhi (kureva ruoko vhiri pasi), zvikasadaro svikiro acharamba ari bhoneti nzvimbo kwenguva yakareba, nyore kuita ngura hunde, uye vamwe muitiro zvinodiwa contraindicated. Hazvina kunaka kushandura kurongedza panguva imwe chete. Vhura stem gedhi vharafu, usaise muvhu, zvikasadaro nekuda kwekunyorova kwekuora kwakafumurwa hunde. Simudza cheki vharafu, kuisirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti disc yakatwasuka, kuitira kuti inoshanduka inosimudza. Swing cheki mavharuvhu, kana yakaiswa kuti ive nechokwadi kuti pini sandara, kuitira kuti flexible swing. Ivhavha yekudzikisa inofanira kuiswa yakatwasuka pane yakatwasuka pombi, uye usarerekera kune chero nzira. (2) Mabasa ekuvaka Kuisa uye kuvaka kunofanirwa kungwarira kusarova mavharuvhu akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinoputika. Usati waiswa, vharuvhu inofanirwa kuongororwa kuti itarise iyo yakatarwa uye mhando uye kuona kana paine kukuvadzwa, kunyanya kune yevhavha stem. Uyewo shandura nguva shomanana kuti uone kana yakatsvedza, nokuti mukufambisa kwekufambisa, zviri nyore kuputira tsinde yevhavha. Uyewo marara ari muvharuvhu. Paunenge uchisimudza valve, tambo haifaniri kusungirirwa kune handwheel kana tsinde kuti irege kukuvadza kune zvikamu izvi, inofanira kusungirirwa kune flange. Kune mavharuvhu akabatana nepombi, iva nechokwadi chekuchenesa. Mhepo yakadzvanywa inogona kushandiswa kupeperetsa simbi oxide machipisi, jecha, welding slag uye mamwe marara. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana, kwete nyore nyore kukwenya chisimbiso pamusoro pevhavha, kusanganisira zvidimbu zvakakura zve sundries (zvakadai sewelding slag), asiwo zvinogona kuvhara valve duku, kuitira kuti ikundike. Paunenge uchiisa screw valve, iyo yekuisa chisimbiso kurongedza (shinda uye aluminium mafuta kana polytetrafluoroethylene raw material bhandi) inofanira kuputirwa patambo yepombi, usapinda muvharuvhu, kuitira kuti isavhare ndangariro chigadzirwa, inokanganisa kuyerera kwe media. Paunenge uchiisa flanged mavharuvhu, teerera kuomesa mabhaudhi symmetrically uye zvakaenzana. Valve flange uye pombi flange inofanirwa kuenderana, inonzwisisika clearance, kuitira kudzivirira kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya, kana kunyange kutsemuka vharafu. Kunyanya kune brittle zvinhu uye mavharuvhu ane yakaderera simba. Mavharuvhu ekuti apinzwe nepombi anofanira kutanga aiswa mavara-weld, obva avhura zvakazara zvikamu zvekuvhara, obva asungwa akafa. (3) Matanho ekudzivirira Mamwe mavharuvhu anofanirwawo kuve nekudzivirirwa kwekunze, iko kuvharisa uye kutonhora. Mitsetse inopisa inopisa dzimwe nguva inowedzerwa kune insulation. Imhando ipi yevhavha inofanirwa kuiswa insulated kana kuchengetwa ichitonhora, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. In musimboti, apo svikiro muvharuvhu kunoderedza tembiricha yakawandisa, zvichaita kukanganisa kugadzirwa zvakanaka kana kuomesa vharafu, unofanira kuchengeta kupisa, kana kunyange kusanganisa kupisa; Kana mavharuvhu akafumurwa, anokanganisa kugadzirwa kana kukonzeresa chando uye zvimwe zvakashata zviitiko, zvinodikanwa kuchengetedza kutonhora. Insulation zvinhu ndeye asbestos, slag wool, girazi mvere, perlite, diatomite, vermiculite, nezvimwewo; Kutonhodza zvinhu zvinosanganisira cork, perlite, furo, mapurasitiki uye zvichingodaro. (4) Bypass uye chiridzwa Mamwe mavharuvhu, kuwedzera kune anodiwa ekudzivirira zvivakwa, asi zvakare ane bypass uye chiridzwa. Pakaiswa nzira yokunyenyeredza. Zviri nyore kugadzirisa musungo. Mamwe mavharuvhu, akaiswawo nebypass. Kunyangwe kuisa bypass, zvinoenderana nemamiriro evharuvhu, kukosha uye zvinodiwa zvekugadzira. (5) kurongedza kutsiva Inventory vharafu, kumwe kurongedza hakuna kunaka, vamwe nekushandiswa kwenhau hazvienderane, izvi zvinoda kushandura kurongedza. Vagadziri vevhavha havagone kufunga nezve kushandiswa kwezviuru zvemayuniti akasiyana midhiya, stuffing bhokisi rinogara rakazadzwa neyakajairwa midzi, asi kana yashandiswa, inofanira kurega iyo yekuzadza mukati ichienderana. Paunenge uchitsiva filler, dzvanya mukati kutenderera nekutenderera. Imwe neimwe mhete seam kusvika 45 madhigirii yakakodzera, mhete uye mhete yakazaruka 180 madhigirii. Kureba kwekutakura kunofanirwa kufunga nezvemukamuri kuti gland irambe ichidzvanya. Parizvino, chikamu chezasi chegland chinofanira kudzvanya kamuri yekurongedza kusvika pakadzika kwakakodzera, iyo inogona kazhinji kuve 10-20% yehupamhi hwese hwekamuri yekurongedzera. Kune mavharuvhu anodiwa zvakanyanya, iyo yakabatana Angle i30 madhigirii. Musono pakati pezvindori unodzika ne 120 degrees. Pamusoro pemafirita ari pamusoro, anogona zvakare maererano nemamiriro chaiwo, kushandiswa kwerabha O-ring (yakasikwa rabha kuramba iri pazasi 60 madhigirii Celsius asina simba alkali, butadiene rubber kuramba pazasi 80 madhigirii Celsius mafuta crystal, Fluorine rabha kuramba pazasi 150 madhigirii Celsius. zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoodza media) zvitatu-zvidimbu zvakaturikidzana polytetrafluoroethylene mhete (kuramba pazasi 200 madhigirii akasimba corrosive media) naironi mbiya mhete (kupikisa pazasi 120 madhigirii Celsius ammonia, alkali) uye mamwe kugadzira filler. A layer ye polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) raw material tepi yakaputirwa kunze kwekazhinji asbestos disc, iyo inogona kuvandudza chisimbiso chekuita uye kuderedza electrochemical corrosion yevharuvhu. Paunenge uchidzvanya muchero, zvakakosha kutenderedza tsinde yevhavha panguva imwe chete kuti ichengetedze yunifomu yakatenderedza uye kudzivirira kuti irege kufa zvakanyanya. Izvo zvinodiwa kuomesa gland zvakafanana uye kwete kurerekera.