Welding nzira dze alloy structural simbi yeindasitiri yevharuvhu - Tekinoroji yekumisikidza kune yakaderera tembiricha simbi castings yemavharuvhu.

Welding nzira dze alloy structural simbi kuindasitiri yevharuvhu - Unyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwekudzika kwakadzika tembiricha simbi yekukanda mavharuvhu Simbi yesimba, inozivikanwawo sesimbi yakasimba, ine goho rerisingasviki 1290MPa uye kusimba kwesimba risingasviki 440MPa. Maererano negoho poindi uye kupisa kurapwa mamiriro, simba simbi inogona kupatsanurwa inopisa yakakungurutswa normalizing simbi, yakaderera kabhoni hasha simbi uye svikiro kabhoni hasha simbi. Kupisa yakakungurutswa normalizing simbi imhando yeisina-kupisa kurapwa yakasimbiswa simbi, iyo inowanzo pihwa mune inopisa yakakungurutswa kana normalizing mamiriro. Iyo inonyanya kutsamira pakusimba kwekunyungudika, kuwedzera huwandu hwepearlite, kunatsa zviyo uye kusimba kwemvura kuti kuve nechokwadi chesimba. Yakaderera kabhoni tempered simbi inotsamira pakudzima, tembiricha yakanyanya kupisa kupisa kurapwa maitiro (kushatirwa kurapwa) kusimbisa misa alloy structural simbi... Welding nzira dze alloy structural steels (1) Classification of alloy structural steels Alloy structural simbi imhando ye simbi ine zvimwe zvinosanganiswa zvinhu zvakawedzerwa pahwaro hweyakajairwa kabhoni simbi kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zveakasiyana mabhandi ebasa uye zvivakwa. Alloy structural simbi dzewelding dzinowanzo kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvinotevera. 1 Simbi yekusimba Simba simbi, inozivikanwawo sesimbi yakasimba, ine goho rerisingasviki 1290MPa uye simba rekusimba risingasviki 440MPa. Maererano negoho poindi uye kupisa kurapwa mamiriro, simba simbi inogona kupatsanurwa inopisa yakakungurutswa normalizing simbi, yakaderera kabhoni hasha simbi uye svikiro kabhoni hasha simbi. Kupisa yakakungurutswa normalizing simbi imhando yeisina-kupisa kurapwa yakasimbiswa simbi, iyo inowanzo pihwa mune inopisa yakakungurutswa kana normalizing mamiriro. Iyo inonyanya kutsamira pakusimba kwekunyungudika, kuwedzera huwandu hwepearlite, kunatsa zviyo uye kusimba kwemvura kuti kuve nechokwadi chesimba. Yakaderera kabhoni tempered simbi isimbi yakawanda alloy structural simbi inosimbiswa nekudzima uye tembiricha yakanyanya kupisa kupisa kurapwa maitiro (kushatirwa kurapwa). Kabhoni yayo yemukati inowanzo wc0.25%, uye ine hunhu hwekusimba kwepamusoro, kunaka kwepurasitiki kuoma, uye inogona kusungirirwa yakananga mumamiriro ekushatirwa. Iyo kabhoni yepakati kabhoni tempered simbi ndeye 0.3% yakakwira kupfuura wc, uye simba regoho rinogona kusvika kupfuura 880MPa. Mushure mekudzima uye kupisa kurapwa, ine simba rakawanda uye kuoma, asi yakaderera kuomarara, saka weldability iri murombo. 2. Special simbi Maererano nekushandiswa kwezvakatipoteredza mamiriro kana kushanda zvinodiwa zvinogona kukamurwa kuva pearlite heat resistant simbi, low alloy corrosion resistant simbi uye yakaderera tembiricha simbi zvitatu. Pearlite heat resistant simbi wc≤5%, chromium uye aruminiyamu yakavakirwa hypoeutectoid simbi. Iine simba rakanaka rekupisa uye kugadzikana. Chinhu chayo chakakosha ndechekuti ichine imwe simba uye oxidation kuramba patembiricha inosvika 500 ~ 600 ℃. Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira yakakwirira-yekupisa zvikamu mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye petrochemical michina. Low alloy corrosion resistant steels anosanganisira simbi dzinoita aluminium-bearing corrosion resistant steels dzinoshandiswa kugadzira petrochemical equipment uye phosphorus-inobereka uye copper-bearing corrosion resistance steels anoshandiswa pamvura yegungwa kana masimbi asingaparare mumhepo. Pamusoro pekugutsa huwandu hwemagetsi emhando, iyi mhando yesimbi zvakare ine corrosion resistance mune inoenderana svikiro. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa mukupisa yakakungurutswa kana normalizing mamiriro, isiri-yekupisa kurapwa kwesimbi yakasimbiswa. Yakadzika tembiricha simbi pepa inofanira kushandiswa mu -40 ~ 196 ℃ yakadzika tembiricha midziyo uye zvimiro zvikamu, chikuru chinodiwa cheyakadzika tembiricha kuoma, simba harina kukwirira. Inowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita nickel-isina simbi uye nickel-ine simbi, inowanzo shandiswa mu normalizing kana normalizing moto mamiriro, ndeyekusina-kupisa kurapwa kwesimbi yakasimbiswa. 3. Weldability kuongororwa kwesimbi yakasimba Matambudziko makuru ekugonesa kwesimbi yakasimba ndeye: crystallization crack, liquefaction crack, cold crack, reheat crack uye kupisa kwakakanganisa zone performance shanduko (1) Crystal crack The crystal crack in the weld inoumbwa mukati iyo inononoka welding solidification nguva nekuti iyo eutectic ine yakaderera kunyungudika inoumba firimu remvura pamuganhu wezviyo uye inotsemuka ichitevedza muganhu wezviyo pasi pechiito chekushushikana. Kugadzirwa kwaro kwakabatana nezviri mukati metsvina (yakadai sesarufa, phosphorus, kabhoni, nezvimwewo) mu weld. Izvi zvinosvibisa zvinhu zvinokurudzira crystallization kutsemuka uye zvinofanirwa kunyatsodzorwa. Manganese ine desulphurization mhedzisiro, iyo inogona kuvandudza kutsemuka kuramba kweiyo weld. (2) Kupisa kwakakanganiswa nzvimbo ye liquefied crack welding Liquefaction crack inokonzerwa nekunyunguduka kwepanzvimbo kweyakaderera kunyunguduka eutectic pedyo nesimbi yezviyo muganhu mu-multi-layer welding pasi pekunetseka kwekunetseka nekuda kwekupisa kwebhasikoro ye welding. 4 Welding process of high simba simbi Iyo welding process inosanganisira kusarudzwa kwewelding nzira uye welding zvinhu, kutsunga kweiyo welding yakatarwa, kuumbwa kwevashandi vekupisa kupisa uye kugadzirwa kwewelding musangano uye welding kutevedzana. Inonzwisisika welding process yakakosha kwazvo kuve nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza mutengo. (1) Kupisa kukungurutsira uye iyo welding maitiro eyakajairwa simbi Kupisa kukungurutsira kwakajairika simbi kune yakanaka weldability, chete kana iyo welding process isina kunaka ichaonekwa majoini kuita matambudziko. Inopisa yakakungurutswa uye yakajairwa simbi inokodzera nzira dzakasiyana dzewelding, kunyanya zvichienderana nehupamhi hwezvinhu, chimiro chechigadzirwa, weld chinzvimbo uye chaiwo mamiriro pasi pekushandisa. Kazhinji, welding inogona kuitwa nearc welding, arc welding, carbon dioxide gasi shielded welding uye electroslag welding. Kuti udzivise kubvongodzwa munzvimbo yakanyanyisa, kupisa kudiki kunofanira kusarudzwa. Diki kupisa kupinza uye preheating matanho anogona kushandiswa kudzora interlayer tembiricha kudzivirira makatsemuka kana welding simbi nehombe ukobvu uye base simbi alloy zvinhu. Chinangwa chekusarudza welding zvinhu zviviri: imwe ndeyekudzivisa marudzi ese ehurema mu weld, imwe ndeyekufananidza ma mechanic properties ye base simbi. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwe weld crystallization, chimiro chayo chemakemikari inowanzosiyana neiyo yesimbi yepasi. Paunenge uchishandisa electrode arc welding, unogona kusarudza electrode iyo simba resimba rinoenderana nesimbi yepasi, kureva, maererano ne b yesimbi yepasi yekusarudza. Iyo inopisa yakakungurutswa simbi ine yakaderera welding simba uye zvishoma kutsemuka tendency inogona kusarudza calcium electrode ine yakanaka process performance kana yakaderera hydrogen electrode. Nokuda kwesimbi yakasimba, yakaderera hydrogen electrode inofanira kusarudzwa. Yakadzika tembiricha yesimbi yekukanda mavharuvhu Iyi chiyero inoshanda kune mavharuvhu, flanges uye kumwe kukanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kunoshandiswa pakadzika tembiricha kubva -254 ℃ kusvika -29 ℃. Yese castings ichave nekupisa-kurapwa zvinoenderana nedhizaini uye kemikari yezvakagadzirwa. Kuti uite makobvu-wall castings aenderane neinodiwa mechanical properties, inowanzodiwa kudzima simbi castings yetambo body. Usati wajaira kana kudzima, zvinotenderwa kutonhodza kukanda kwakananga pasi petembiricha yemhando yekuchinja kwechikamu mushure mekukanda uye kusimba. Kana iyo nzira ye *** yekukanda chirema chepamusoro ichiburitsa tembiricha yakakwira, kukanda kunofanirwa kuve kwakapisa kusvika kune kashoma tembiricha yakatsanangurwa muTebhu 4 isati yaitwa. Chiyero cheIchi chiyero chinotsanangudza zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, nzira dzekuyedza, mitemo yekuongorora uye mamaki kune yakaderera-tembiricha simbi yekukanda mavharuvhu (azodaidzwa kuti "castings"). Iyi chiyero inoshanda kune mavharuvhu, maflange uye kumwe kukanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kunoshandiswa pakadzika tembiricha kubva -254 ℃ kusvika -29 ℃. Normative reference document Matemu ari mumagwaro anotevera anova mazwi eChiyero ichi nereferensi iyi. Pazvinyorwa zvemazuva, zvigadziriso zvese zvinotevera (kusingasanganisire kukanganisa) kana zvigadziriso hazvishande paChiyero ichi, zvisinei, mapato ari muzvibvumirano pasi peichi Chiyero anokurudzirwa kuongorora mashandisirwo eshanduro dzemagwaro aya. Kune mareferensi asina kunyorwa, mavhezheni avo anoshanda kune iyi mwero. GB/T222-2006 simbi yekuongorora makemikari - Sample sampling nzira uye kutsauka kunobvumidzwa kweyakapedzwa chigadzirwa chemakemikari kuumbwa GB/T 223 (ese zvikamu) Nzira dzekuongorora kemikari yesimbi, simbi uye alloys GB/T 228-2002 Metallic zvinhu -- Tensile bvunzo patembiricha yekamuri (ISO 6892:1998 (E), MOD) GB/T 229-1994 Metal Charpy notch maitiro ekuedza nzira (eqv TSG 148:1983) Dimensional tolerances uye Machining mvumo yeCastings (eqv ISO 8062:1994) GB/ T 9452-2003 Imba yekupisa yekupisa - kugadzwa kwenzvimbo yekudziya inoshanda Kandira kabhoni simbi zvikamu zvehuinjiniya huzhinji (neq ISO 3755:1991) GB/T 12224-2005 mavharuvhu esimbi Zvinodiwa Zvinodiwa GB/T 12230--2005 simbi isina tsvina general mavharuvhu -- technical specifications General misimboti yewelding quality assurance (> GB/T 13927 General valve pressure test (GB/T 13927-- ​​1992.neq ISO 5208:1382) GB/T15169-2003 Simbi inonyunguduka welding welders hunyanzvi hwekuongorora (ISO /DIS 9606-1:2002) JB/T 6439 Valve compression yakakanda simbi yemagineti particle inspection Radiographic bvunzo yekumanikidza yakakandwa simbi zvikamu zveJB/T 6440 Valve JB/T 6902 vharafu yakakandwa simbi - nzira yekuyedza yekupinza mvura JB/T 7927 vharafu. simbi castings chitarisiko chemhando zvinodiwa ASTM A3S1/A3S1M Austenite uye austenite yezvikamu zvekumanikidza. Tsanangudzo ye ferritic (biphase) simbi castings ASTM A352/A352M Kutsanangurwa kweFerritic uye Martensitic Steel Castings yeZvikamu Pasi Yakadzika Temperature Compression Technical Zvinodiwa Chiyero giredhi uye tembiricha yebasa Giredhi rezvinhu uye tembiricha yekukanda inoratidzwa muTafura 1. Tafura 1 Kukanda giredhi rezvinhu uye tembiricha yebasa Kemikari inoumbwa uye ma mechanical properties Mushonga wemakemikari wekukasa uchaenderana nezvinodiwa muTebhura 2. Tafura 2 Kemikari inoumbwa yezvinokandwa (chikamu chehuwandu)