Belofo ea heke lisebelisoa tse tala Lisebelisoa tsa 'mele tsa Carbon steel heke ea lisebelisoa tse tala

Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa li-valve tsa 'mele Lisebelisoa tsa k'habone tsa heke ea carbon steel annealing E ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse sa jeng, maemong a mang a khethehileng joalo ka mofuteng o itseng oa mocheso, tikoloho ea boleng ba mahloriso, e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse ling tse senyang. Mocheso o teng -29 ~ 425 ℃. 'Mele oa valve, valve e le' ngoe ea phallo le valve ea heke (valve ea piston) e shebahala e rarahane haholoanyane, kahoo tšebeliso e akaretsang ea likarolo tsa ho lahla. Ke li-valve tsa caliber kapa li-valve tsa heke tse nang le maemo a ikhethileng a ts'ebetso tse sebelisang likarolo tsa tšepe. Boholo ba 'mele oa li-valve, valve e le' ngoe ea phallo le valve ea heke (piston valve) e shebahala e rarahane haholoanyane, kahoo tšebeliso e akaretsang ea likarolo tsa ho lahla. Ke li-valve tsa caliber kapa li-valve tsa heke tse nang le maemo a ikhethileng a ts'ebetso tse sebelisang likarolo tsa tšepe. Carbon steel E ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse sa senyeng, maemong a mang a ikhethileng joalo ka mocheso o fapaneng, tikoloho ea boleng ba mahloriso, e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse ling tse senyang. Mocheso o teng -29 ~ 425 ℃ Likarolo tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka carbon Hajoale, maemo a ts'ebetsong a sebelisoang naheng ea rona ke GB12229 -- 89 "General valve, carbon steel casting Technical Conditions", mofuta oa thepa ke WCA, WCB, WCC. Tekanyetso e tsamaellana le standard standard ea ASTMA216-77 ea mokhatlo oa liteko tsa thepa ea kantle ho naha "mocheso o phahameng oa fusible carbon steel Castings standards". Tekanyetso e fetotsoe bonyane habeli, empa GB12229-89 ea ka e ntse e sebelisoa, 'me mofuta o mocha oo ke o bonang hona joale ke Astma216-2001. E fapane le Astma 216-77 (ke hore, ho tloha GB12229-89) ka litsela tse tharo. A: Litlhoko tsa 2001 li ekelitse tlhokahalo bakeng sa tšepe ea WCB, ke hore, bakeng sa phokotso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 0.01% ea boleng ba moeli o moholo haholo oa carbon, tekanyo e kholo haholo ea moeli oa magnesium e ka eketsoa ka 0.04% ho fihlela boleng bo phahameng ke 1.28%. B: The sundries Cu ea mehlala ea WCA, WCB le WCC: 0.50% ho 77, e fetotsoe ho 0.30% ka 2001; Cr: 0.40% ho 77 le 0.50% ka 2001; Mo: E ne e le 0.25% ka '77 le 0.20% ka 2001. C: Mesaletsa ea metsoako e lokela ho ba ka tlaase ho kapa ho lekana le 1.0%. Ka 2001, ha ho na le maemo a lekanang le k'habone, poleloana ena ha e ea lokela, 'me palo e phahameng ea khabone ea mefuta e meraro e hlokahalang ho ba 0.5 le foromo ea eona ea lipalo e lekanang le khabone. Q&A A: Likarolo tse tšoanelehang tsa ho lahla li tlameha ho ba le litsebo tsa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, meaho ea meaho, 'me li fihlelle litlhokahalo, haholoholo ho qhekella ha lintho tse setseng, ho seng joalo li tla senya ts'ebetso ea welding. B: Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o boletsoeng khoutu e ntse e le boholo. E le hore u fumane ts'ebetso e ntle ea welding le ho finyella thepa e hlokahalang ea mochine, hoa hlokahala ho theha litekanyetso tsa taolo ea ka hare ea likarolo le ho etsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea mocheso bakeng sa likarolo tsa ho lahla le lithupa tsa teko. Ho seng joalo, tlhahiso le tlhahiso ea likarolo tse sa tšoanelehang tsa ho lahla. Mohlala, WCB steel content standard content ≤0.3%, haeba mokelikeli oa k'habone oa WCB oa 0.1% kapa o theohile ho tsoa ho sebopeho ho bonoa o tšoaneleha, empa thepa ea sebopeho sa mochini ha e fihlelle litlhoko. Likahare tsa khabone haeba li lekana le 0.3% le tsona tse tšoanelehang empa thepa ea ho cheselletsa Ho fokola, taolo ea khabone ho isa ho 0.25% e nepahetse haholoanyane. U batla ho ba "ho kena le ho tsoa," batseteli ba bang ba tla beha ka ho hlaka melao ea taolo ea khabone. C: Likarolo tsa mocheso tse amanang le li-valve tsa carbon steel (a) JB/T5300 -- 91 "Lisebelisuoa tsa "Universal valve" tse hlokahalang tsa carbon steel valve mocheso o fumanehang oa -30 ℃ ho isa ho 450 ℃. (b) SH3064-94 "khetho ea petrochemical steel general valve, tlhahlobo le kamohelo" litlhoko tsa valve ea carbon steel e fumanehang mocheso oa -20 ℃ ho ea ho 425 ℃ (ts'ebetso ea lipehelo tsa moeli o tlaase bakeng sa -20 ℃ e le ho kopanya le GB150 tšepe khatello ea sekepe) (c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange le butt welding end valve" khatello ea ho sebetsa - mocheso rated boleng ba hona joale litlhoko tse tloaelehileng WCB A105 (carbon steel) fumaneha mocheso fapaneng ho akarelletsa -29 ℃ ho 425 ℃, e ke ke ea sebelisoa ka holimo 425 ℃ ℃ nako e telele. Solid carbon steel e atisa ho graphitize hoo e ka bang 425 ℃. Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa liheke tsa tšepe tse kentsoeng ka botlalo (recrystallization annealing): tšepe e futhumatsang butle ho Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) ka holimo ho 30 ~ 50 ℃, ho netefatsa nako e itekanetseng, ebe sehatsetsi se lieha ho tsoa. Bakeng sa tšepe e tloaelehileng, ho ea ka mokhoa oa ho futhumatsa oa ferrite ka martensite (morao phetoho recrystallization) le ts'ebetso ea sehatsetsing ho phaella ho phetoho ea bobeli ea recrystallization, kristale e ntle, e teteaneng, sebopeho se ts'oanang sa ferrite. Grey cast iron annealing: tšepe e futhumatsoa ho mocheso oa 30 ~ 50 ℃ ka holimo ho Ac1, ebe e pholile butle butle. 1) Tlhaloso: Mocheso oa likarolo ho 30 ~ 50 ℃ ka holim'a mocheso o boima, mocheso oa mocheso ka nako e itseng, ebe ka sehatsetsing sa sebōpi. (Mocheso o boima: mocheso oo sebopeho sa ka hare sa tšepe se fetohang) 2) Sepheo: (1) Fokotsa matla le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho sila; (2) Hloekisa lijo-thollo, ho ntlafatsa sebopeho le kabo ea samente ka tšepe, 'me u rale motheo oa ts'ebetso ea ho qetela ea kalafo ea mocheso; (3) Tlosa khatello ea mocheso, tlosa khatello ea mocheso e bakoang ke ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea phetoho ea sebopeho, ts'ebetso ea ho sila kapa welding ea motlakase le khatello e setseng ea mocheso likarolong tsa ho lahla, ho fokotsa deformation le ho qoba ho phunyeha ho omileng; (4) spherification ea samente ho fokotsa matla; ⑤ Ntlafatsa le ho felisa mefokolo ea mefuta eohle ea mokhatlo e entsoeng ka tšepe ea tšepe, calcination le ts'ebetso ea welding, ho qoba ho baka matheba a masoeu. 4) Mofuta: Ha ho etsoa tlhahiso, mokhoa oa annealing o sebelisoa haholo. Ho latela sehlahiswa workpiece annealing effect ha e ts'oane, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea annealing process standards, tse sebelisoang hangata ke annealing e felletseng, grey cast iron annealing, kapa the ground stress annealing (1) Complete annealing (recrystallization annealing) : tšepe ho futhumatsa butle ho Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) kaholimo ho 30 ~ 50 ℃, ho netefatsa nako e leka-lekaneng, ebe sehatsetsi se liehang ho tsoa. Bakeng sa tšepe e tloaelehileng, ho ea ka mokhoa oa ho futhumatsa oa ferrite ka martensite (morao phetoho recrystallization) le ts'ebetso ea sehatsetsing ho phaella ho phetoho ea bobeli ea recrystallization, kristale e ntle, e teteaneng, sebopeho se ts'oanang sa ferrite. ② Grey cast iron annealing: tšepe e futhumatsoa ho mocheso oa 30 ~ 50 ℃ ka holimo ho Ac1, ebe e theoha butle butle. Sebopeho sa ferrite se fetoha spheroidal le granular, 'me tšepe ea carbon e tlaase le e bohareng e nang le mofuta ona oa sebopeho e na le matla a tlaase, bokhoni bo matla ba ho phunya le matla a batang a ho khumama. Bakeng sa tšepe ea alloy, mofuta ona oa sebopeho ke sebopeho se betere sa pele pele ho kalafo ea mocheso. (Sample shaft CrWMn, guide shaft Tenon GCr15) Complete annealing and isothermal annealing Complete annealing -- futhumatsang ho Ac3 20~30 ℃, ho kenya mocheso ka mor'a sebōpi se batang - ho bolela ho futhumatsa ho tlatsa austenization Sepheo: Ho latela lijo-thollo tse ntle tsa recrystallization, symmetrical. sebopeho, ntlafatsa tshebetso Kopo: tšepe ea hypoeutectoid, tšepe e tlaase ea carbon: fokotsa matla, ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho phunya. Mokhatlo: FP Isothermal process annealing -- futhumatsang ho Ac3 (Ac1) 20 ~ 50℃, Thermal insulation e lateloa ke moea o pholileng ka mor'a ts'ebetso e latelang ea isothermal ho Ar1: ka annealing e phethahetseng bakeng sa taolo e bonolo Kopo: tšepe e bohareng le ea ferritic kapa Fe3C P Grey cast iron annealing and spread annealing Grey cast iron annealing - e futhumatswa ho Ac1 20~30 Sepheo: Ho fumana spherical Fe3C, soft Application: eutectoid, eutectoid steel Tissue: spherical P Hasa annealing -- futhumatsang ho likhato tse 100-20 Mohala o tiileng, ho kenya mocheso oa nako e telele (10-15h) ka mor'a ho pholisa butle khatello ea maikutlo -- ho futhumatsa ho Ac1-100 ~ 200 ℃, ho kenya mocheso ka mor'a serame sa sebōpi Sepheo: Ho tlosa khatello ea mocheso le ho tsitsisa mokhatlo Kopo: likarolo tse batang tsa ho taka, likarolo tsa phekolo ea mocheso Mokhatlo: E ke ke ea fetoha Mosebetsi oa ho thatafatsa annealing -- futhumatsang ho t 'me joale 150 ~ 250 ℃, mohatsela mocheso ka mor'a hore moea tsidifatso Sepheo: Ho fokotsa matla le ho ntlafatsa polasetiki Kopo: sebetsa thatafatsa sehlahisoa workpiece Sebopeho: equiaxed lijo-thollo Mosebetsi o thatafatsa mocheso: T re = T melting × 0.4 (mocheso) quenching Normalizing - ho futhumatsa ho Ac3(Accm) 30 ~ 50 ℃, ho kenya mocheso ka mor'a hore moea o pholile Sepheo: Hloekisa lijo-thollo, ntlafatsa ts'ebetso Kopo: tšepe e phahameng ea carbon HB↑ → Ntlafatsa thepa ea ho itšeha ea carbon (aluminium alloy) tšepe e hloekisang lijo-thollo symmetry mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng (phekolo ea mocheso, phekolo ea mocheso pele ho) tšepe ea hypereutectoid → sebopeho se hlakileng sa marang-rang Fe3CⅡ, ho rala motheo oa phekolo ea spheroidization ea likarolo tse nang le litlhoko tse tlaase → ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa mochine mokhoa oa ho qetela oa phekolo ea mocheso.