Molao-motheo oa phekolo ea valve cryogenic le ts'ebeliso ea oona indastering (tse peli) mokhoa oa ho lokisetsa li-valve setšoantšo se qaqileng

Molao-motheo oa phekolo ea "valve cryogenic" le ts'ebeliso ea oona indastering (tse peli) mokhoa oa ho lokisetsa li-valve mokhoa oa ho lokisa mokhoa o qaqileng Mokhoa oa phekolo ea cryogenic o ntse o le sethaleng sa pele sa lipatlisiso. Ha re bua hantle, mokhoa oa cryogenic oa tšepe ea tšepe (tšepe le tšepe) o ithutile ka mokhoa o hlakileng haholoanyane, athe mochine oa cryogenic oa litšepe tse se nang ferrous le lisebelisoa tse ling o sa ithutoe haholo, 'me ha o hlake haholo, tlhahlobo ea mochine o teng o thehiloe lisebelisoa tsa tšepe le tšepe. Ho ntlafatsoa ha microstructure ho fella ka ho matlafatsa le ho thatafala ha mosebetsi. Haholo-holo sena se bua ka ho arohana ha li-slats tsa martensite tsa pele tse teteaneng. Litsebi tse ling li nahana hore martensite lattice constant e fetohile. Litsebi tse ling li lumela hore ntlafatso ea microstructure e bakoa ke ho senyeha ha martensite le pula ea li-carbides tse ntle. Khokahano e ka holimo: Molao-motheo oa phekolo ea valve cryogenic le ts'ebeliso ea eona ea indasteri (1) 2. Mokhoa oa phekolo oa Cryogenic Mokhoa oa phekolo ea cryogenic o ntse o le sethaleng sa pele sa lipatlisiso. Ha re bua hantle, mokhoa oa cryogenic oa tšepe ea tšepe (tšepe le tšepe) o ithutile ka mokhoa o hlakileng haholoanyane, athe mochine oa cryogenic oa litšepe tse se nang ferrous le lisebelisoa tse ling o sa ithutoe haholo, 'me ha o hlake haholo, tlhahlobo ea mochine o teng o thehiloe lisebelisoa tsa tšepe le tšepe. 2.1 mochine oa cryogenic oa alloy ferrous (tšepe) Mochini oa phekolo ea cryogenic ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe le tsa tšepe, lipatlisiso tsa malapeng le tsa linaheng tse ling li 'nile tsa e-ba teng ka mokhoa o tsoetseng pele le o tebileng,' me bohle ba fihletse tumellano, maikutlo a ka sehloohong ke a latelang. 2.1.1 Ho theoha ha li-superfine carbides ho tloha martensite, ho fella ka ho matlafala ha ho hasana, ho netefalitsoe ke hoo e batlang e le lithuto tsohle. Lebaka le ka sehloohong ke hore martensite ke cryogenic ho -196 ℃ 'me ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha molumo, lesela la Fe The kamehla le na le tšekamelo ea ho fokotseha, kahoo ho matlafatsa matla a ho khanna ha carbon athomo ea pula. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la hore phallo e thata haholoanyane 'me sebaka sa ho hasana se khuts'oane ka mocheso o tlase, palo e kholo ea li-ultrafine carbides tse qhalakaneng li kenngoa holim'a matrix ea martensite. 2.1.2 Phetoho ea masala a austenite Ka mocheso o tlase (ka tlase ho ntlha ea Mf), masala a austenite a senyeha 'me a fetoha martensite, e leng ho ntlafatsang ho thatafala le matla a workpiece. Litsebi tse ling li lumela hore pholiso ea cryogenic e ka felisa ka ho feletseng masala a austenite. Litsebi tse ling li fumane hore pholiso ea cryogenic e ka fokotsa feela palo ea masala a austenite, empa e ke ke ea e felisa ka ho feletseng. Hape ho lumeloa hore pholiso ea cryogenic e fetola sebopeho, kabo le sebopeho sa masala a austenite, e leng molemo ho ntlafatsa matla le ho tiea ha tšepe. 2.1.3 Tokiso ea Tlhophiso Ho nchafatsoa ha microstructure ho fella ka ho matlafatsoa le ho thatafala ha mosebetsi. Haholo-holo sena se bua ka ho arohana ha li-slats tsa martensite tsa pele tse teteaneng. Litsebi tse ling li nahana hore martensite lattice constant e fetohile. Litsebi tse ling li lumela hore ntlafatso ea microstructure e bakoa ke ho senyeha ha martensite le pula ea li-carbides tse ntle. 2.1.4 Khatello e setseng ea khatello holim'a metsi Mokhoa oa ho pholisa o ka baka phallo ea polasetiki ka bofokoli (li-micropores, khatello ea kelello ea ka hare). Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho futhumatsa, khatello e setseng e hlahisoa holim'a sekheo, e leng se ka fokotsang tšenyo ea sekoli ho matla a sebaka sa thepa. Tshebetso ea ho qetela ke ntlafatso ea abrasive wear resistance. 2.1.5 Kalafo ea Cryogenic e fetisetsa ka mokhoa o itseng matla a kinetic a liathomo tsa tšepe Ho na le matla a tlamang ka bobeli a bolokang liathomo li le haufi le matla a kinetic a li bolokang li arohane. Kalafo ea cryogenic e fetisetsa matla a kinetic pakeng tsa liathomo, kahoo e etsa hore liathomo li tlamahane le ho ntlafatsa litaba tsa thobalano tsa tšepe. 2.2 Mokhoa oa phekolo oa cryogenic oa li-alloys tse se nang ferrous 2.2.1 Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa oa phekolo ea cryogenic holim'a carbide e entsoeng ka samente Ho tlalehiloe hore phekolo ea cryogenic e ka ntlafatsa ho thatafala, matla a ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, ho ba le tšusumetso e matla le matla a khoheli a lik'habohaedreite tse entsoeng ka samente. Empa e etsa hore permeability ea eona e theohe. Ho ea ka tlhahlobo, mochine oa phekolo ea cryogenic o tjena: karolo ea A -- Co e fetotsoe ho ξ -- Co ka phekolo ea cryogenic, 'me khatello e itseng e setseng ea khatello e hlahisoa karolong e ka holimo ea 2.2.2 Mochine oa ts'ebetso oa phekolo ea cryogenic ho. li-alloys tsa koporo le tsa koporo Li Zhicao et al. o ile a ithuta phello ea phekolo ea cryogenic ho microstructure le thepa ea H62 koporo. Liphello li bontšitse hore phekolo ea cryogenic e ka eketsa litaba tse amanang le β-phase ho microstructure, e leng se entseng hore microstructure e be e tsitsitseng, 'me e ka ntlafatsa haholo boima le matla a H62 brass. Hape ho molemo ho fokotsa deformation, ho tsitsisa boholo le ho ntlafatsa tshebetso ea ho itšeha. Ho phaella moo, Cong Jilin le Wang Xiumin et al. oa Dalian University of Technology o ile a ithuta kalafo ea cryogenic ea lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho Cu, haholo-holo CuCr50 vacuum switch switch, mme liphetho li bonts'a hore kalafo ea cryogenic e ka etsa hore microstructure e hloekisoe haholo, 'me ho bile le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea dialysis mateanong a li-alloys tse peli. , le palo e kholo ea likaroloana tse oeleng holim'a li-alloys tse peli. E tšoana le ts'ebetso ea carbide e oeleng moeling oa lijo-thollo le holim'a matrix a tšepe e phahameng ka mor'a phekolo ea cryogenic. Ho phaella moo, ka mor'a phekolo ea cryogenic, ho hanyetsa ho bola ha motlakase oa lisebelisoa tsa ho kopana le vacuum ho ntlafatsoa. Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa kalafo ea cryogenic ea li-electrode tsa koporo linaheng tse ling li bonts'a hore conductivity ea motlakase e ntlafalitsoe, deformation ea polasetiki ea pheletso ea welding e fokotsehile, 'me bophelo ba ts'ebeletso bo eketseha ka makhetlo a ka bang 9. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na khopolo e hlakileng mabapi le mochine oa motsoako oa koporo, o ka 'nang oa bakoa ke phetoho ea motsoako oa koporo ka mocheso o tlaase, o tšoanang le phetoho ea masala a austenite ho martensite ka tšepe, le ntlafatso ea lijo-thollo. Empa mokhoa o qaqileng ha o e-s'o fihleloe qeto. 2.2.3 Phello le mokhoa oa phekolo ea cryogenic ka thepa ea li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel Ho na le litlaleho tse fokolang mabapi le phekolo ea cryogenic ea li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel. Ho tlalehoa hore phekolo ea cryogenic e ka ntlafatsa polasetiki ea li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel le ho fokotsa kutloisiso ea bona ea ho fetola khatello ea kelello. Tlhaloso ea bangoli ba lingoliloeng ke hore ho phomola ha khatello ea kelello ea boitsebiso ho bakoa ke phekolo ea cryogenic, 'me li-microcracks li tsoela pele ka tsela e fapaneng. 2.2.4 Phello le mokhoa oa phekolo ea cryogenic ka thepa ea li-alloys tsa amorphous Ha e le phello ea phekolo ea cryogenic ka thepa ea li-alloys tsa amorphous, Co57Ni10Fe5B17 e ithutile libukeng, 'me ho fumanoa hore phekolo ea cryogenic e ka ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ho apara le thepa thepa ea amorphous thepa. Bangoli ba lumela hore phekolo ea cryogenic e khothalletsa ho behoa ha lintho tse seng tsa makenete holim'a metsi, e leng se hlahisang phetoho ea sebopeho se tšoanang le ho phomola ha moralo nakong ea crystallization. 2.2.5 Phello le mokhoa oa phekolo ea cryogenic ka aluminium le aluminium-based alloy Aluminium le aluminium motsoako oa cryogenic processing lipatlisiso ke sebaka se seholo sa lipatlisiso tsa phekolo ea malapeng ea cryogenic lilemong tsa morao tjena, Li Huan le chuan-hai jiang et al. Phuputso e fumane hore phekolo ea cryogenic e ka felisa khatello ea kelello e setseng ea aluminium silicon carbide composite material le ho ntlafatsa modulus ea eona ea elasticity, khotso ea Shang Guang fang-wei jin le ba bang ba fumane hore phekolo ea cryogenic ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba aluminium alloy, ho fokotsa machining deformation. , ho ntlafatsa matla le ho thatafala ha lintho tse bonahalang, Leha ho le joalo, ha baa ka ba etsa thuto e hlophisitsoeng ka mochine o amanang, empa ka kakaretso ba ne ba lumela hore khatello ea kelello e hlahisoang ke mocheso e ile ea eketsa sekhahla sa dislocation 'me sa e baka. Chen Ding et al. ho tloha Univesithing ea Central South of Technology ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng o ile a ithuta phello ea phekolo ea cryogenic ka thepa ea lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse sebelisoang hangata. Ba fumane ts'ebetso ea ho potoloha ha lijo-thollo tsa li-alloys tsa aluminium tse bakoang ke phekolo ea cryogenic lipatlisisong tsa bona, 'me ba etsa tlhahiso ea letoto la mekhoa e mecha ea ho matlafatsa cryogenic bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa aluminium. Ho ea ka tekanyo ea GB/T1047-2005, bophara ba "valve" ka lebitso ke letšoao feela, le emeloa ke motsoako oa letšoao "DN" le nomoro. Boholo ba lebitso ha bo khone ho ba boleng ba bophara ba valve bo lekantsoeng, 'me boleng ba bophara ba valve bo hlalositsoe ke litekanyetso tse amehang. Boleng bo lekantsoeng ka kakaretso (yuniti mm) ha e na ho ba ka tlase ho 95% ea boleng ba boholo bo tloaelehileng. Boholo ba lebitso bo arotsoe ka metric system (letšoao: DN) le tsamaiso ea Brithani (letšoao: NPS). Valve e tloaelehileng ea naha ke sistimi ea metric, 'me valve e tloaelehileng ea Amerika ke sistimi ea Borithane. Tlas'a ts'ebetso ea indasteri, kholo ea litoropo, ** le ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše, tebello ea indasteri ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa li-valve tsa Chaena e pharaletse, indasteri ea li-valve tsa nakong e tlang **, ea malapeng, ea sejoale-joale, e tla ba tataiso e ka sehloohong ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea li-valve nakong e tlang. Ho lelekisa boqapi bo tsoelang pele, ho theha 'maraka o mocha oa likhoebo tsa li-valve, molemong oa ho tlohella likhoebo tlholisanong e ntseng e eketseha e matla indastering ea lipompo tsa lipompo bakeng sa ho phela le nts'etsopele. Ka tlhahiso ea li-valve le lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea ts'ehetso ea tekheniki, valve ea malapeng ha e khutlele morao ho feta valve e tsoang linaheng tse ling, ho fapana le hoo, lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa theknoloji le mekhoa e mecha li ka bapisoa le likhoebo tsa machaba, nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea li-valve tsa malapeng e ntse e tsoela pele. tataiso ea mehleng ea kajeno. Ka nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji ea li-valve, ts'ebeliso ea lebala la li-valve e ntse e tsoela pele ho pharalla, 'me maemo a tšoanang a valve le ona a bohlokoa le ho feta. Lihlahisoa tsa indasteri ea li-valve li kene nakong ea boqapi, eseng feela mekhahlelo ea lihlahisoa e hlokang ho nchafatsoa, ​​​​taolo ea kahare ea khoebo le eona e hloka ho tebisoa ho latela maemo a indasteri. Bophahamo ba lebitso le khatello ea lebitso la valve ea GB/T1047-2005 e tloaelehileng, bophara ba lebitso la valve ke letšoao feela, le emeloang ke motsoako oa letšoao "DN" le palo, boholo ba lebitso ha bo khone ho ba ** tekanyo ea bophara ba valve e lekantsoeng, boleng ba 'nete ba bophara ba valve bo hlalositsoe ke litekanyetso tse amehang, boleng bo lekantsoeng ka kakaretso (unit mm) ha boa lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 95% ea boleng ba boholo ba lebitso. Boholo ba lebitso bo arotsoe ka metric system (letšoao: DN) le tsamaiso ea Brithani (letšoao: NPS). Valve e tloaelehileng ea naha ke sistimi ea metric, 'me valve e tloaelehileng ea Amerika ke sistimi ea Borithane. Boleng ba metric DN bo tjena: Boleng bo ratoang ba DN bo ka tsela e latelang: DN10(nominal diameter 10mm), DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN125, DN150, DN200, DN200, DN20 DN300, DN350, DN400, DN450, DN500, DN600, DN700, DN800, DN900, DN1000, DN1100, DN1200, DN1400,DN1600, DN20200200, DN2020, DN2000 , DN3000, DN3200, DN3500, DN4000 Ho latela GB/ T1048-2005 e tloaelehileng, khatello ea lebitso la valve le eona ke pontšo, e emetsoeng ke motsoako oa letšoao "PN" le nomoro. Khatello ea lebitso (yuniti: Mpa Mpa) e ke ke ea sebelisoa bakeng sa lipalo, eseng ** boleng bo lekantsoeng ba valve, sepheo sa ho theha khatello ea lebitso ke ho nolofatsa tlhaloso ea palo ea khatello ea valve, ha ho khethoa. , lihlopha tsa moralo, lihlopha tsa tlhahiso le lisebelisoa tsa tšebeliso li lumellana le litokisetso tsa data haufi le molao-motheo, ho thehoa ha boholo ba mabitso ke morero o tšoanang. Khatello ea mabitso e arotsoe ka tsamaiso ea Europe (PN) le tsamaiso ea Amerika (> PN0.1 (khatello ea lebitso 0.1mpa), PN0.6, PN1.0, PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63/64 , PN100/110, PN150/160, PN260, PN320, PN420 > Selelekela sa ho lokisoa ha valve Mohlala oa VALVE hangata o lokela ho bonts'a mofuta oa valve, mokhoa oa ho khanna, sebopeho sa khokahanyo, sebopeho sa sebopeho, thepa ea ho tiisa holim'a metsi, lisebelisoa tsa 'mele oa valve le khatello ea lebitso le tse ling. Likarolo tsa mofuta oa li-valve li loketse moralo, khetho le thekiso ea li-valve Matsatsing ana, ho na le mefuta e mengata le lisebelisoa tsa li-valve, 'me mokhoa oa li-valve o ntse o rarahana le ho feta maemo a ho theha mohlala oa li-valve, empa ka ho eketsehileng ha a khone ho finyella litlhoko tsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea li-valve Moo ho ke keng ha sebelisoa palo e tloaelehileng ea valve e ncha, moetsi e mong le e mong a ka lokisoa ho ea ka litlhoko tsa bona e sebetsa ho li-valve tsa heke, li-valve tsa throttle, li-valve tsa bolo, li-valve tsa serurubele, li-valve tsa diaphragm, li-plunger valves, li-PLUG, li-valve tsa ho hlahloba, li-valve tsa tšireletso, li-valve tse fokotsang khatello, maraba joalo-joalo bakeng sa liphaephe tsa indasteri. E kenyelletsa mohlala oa li-valve le khetho ea li-valve. Mokhoa o ikhethileng oa mokhoa oa ho lokisa oa valve Se latelang ke setšoantšo sa tatellano ea khoutu ka 'ngoe ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa mokhoa oa ho ngola oa li-valve: Sets'oants'o sa tatellano ea tatellano ea mohlala oa valve Ho utloisisa setšoantšo se ka letsohong le letšehali ke mohato oa pele oa ho utloisisa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-valve. Mohlala ke ona oa ho u fa kutloisiso e akaretsang: Mofuta oa valve: "Z961Y-100> "Z" ke yuniti 1; "9" ke liyuniti tse 2; "6" ke liyuniti tse 3; "1" ke liyuniti tse 4; "Y" ke ea li-unit tse 5; "100" ke li-unit tse 6 "I" ke ea Unit 7 Mehlala ea li-valve ke: valve ea heke, koloi ea motlakase, khokahanyo e nang le wedge, heke e le 'ngoe ea mofuta, carbide seal, khatello ea 10Mpa, lisebelisoa tsa 'mele tsa chrome-molybdenum; Yuniti ea 1: Khoutu ea mofuta oa li-valve Bakeng sa li-valve tse nang le mesebetsi e meng kapa ka mekhoa e meng e khethehileng, eketsa lentsoe la Sechaena pele ho khoutu ea mofuta oa li-valve Bakeng sa litlhaku tsa alfabeta, ho ea ka tafole e latelang: Li-unit tse peli: mokhoa oa phetisetso Yuniti ea 3: Mofuta oa khokahanyo Yuniti ea bone: Mofuta oa sebopeho Khoutu ea foromo ea li-valve tsa heke.