Uhlalutyo lwemisebenzi emine yeevalvu zemibhobho Ubonelelo kunye nokukhethwa kweevalvu zemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi

Uhlalutyo lwemisebenzi emine yeevalve zombhobho Unikezelo kunye nokukhethwa kwevalve yepayipi yokuhambisa amanzi Okokuqala, ukunqunyulwa kunye nokukhulula okuphakathi lo ngumsebenzi osisiseko wevalve, ngokuqhelekileyo ukhethe umjelo wokuhamba wevalve echanekileyo, ukuchasana kokuhamba kuncinci. Ivalve evalekileyo eya ezantsi (ivalve yeglowubhu, ivalve yeplunger) ngenxa yendlela yayo yokuqukuqela, ukuchasana nokuqukuqela kuphezulu kunezinye iivalve, ngoko ke kukhethwe kancinci. Iivalvu ezivaliweyo zingasetyenziswa apho ukuchasana kokuhamba okuphezulu kuvunyelwe. Okwesibini, ulawulo Okokuqala, ukunqunyulwa kunye nokukhulula okuphakathi Lo ngumsebenzi osisiseko wevalve, ngokuqhelekileyo ukhetha i-valve yokudlula ngokuthe tye, ukuchasana kwayo kokuhamba kuncinci. Ivalve evalekileyo eya ezantsi (ivalve yeglowubhu, ivalve yeplunger) ngenxa yendlela yayo yokuqukuqela, ukuchasana nokuqukuqela kuphezulu kunezinye iivalve, ngoko ke kukhethwe kancinci. Iivalvu ezivaliweyo zingasetyenziswa apho ukuchasana kokuhamba okuphezulu kuvunyelwe. Ababini, lawula ukuhamba kwevalve ekulula ukuyilungisa idla ngokukhethwa ukulawula ukuhamba. Iivalvu ZOKUVALA eziya ezantsi (ezifana neevalvu zeglowubhu) ZIYIFANELE LE NJONGO KUBA Ubungakanani besitulo BULINGANISELELE NE-STROKE OF SHUTOFF. IIVAVAVA ezijikelezayo (i-PLUG, ibhabhathane, iivalve zeBHOLA) kunye ne-FLEXURE BODY VALVES (I-PINCH, i-DIAPHRAGM) ZIKHONA UKULAWULWA OKUTHUKUTHELA, kodwa NGOKUQHELEKILEYO KUPHELA kuluhlu olulinganiselweyo lwe-valve DIAMETERS. I-VALVE yesango YIsango elimilise idiskhi kwizibuko lesihlalo esisetyhula ukwenza intshukumo enqamlezileyo, ikufutshane kuphela kwindawo evaliweyo, inokulawula ngcono ukuhamba, ngoko ayiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa kulawulo lokuhamba. Isithathu, i-shunt yokutshintsha Ivalve inokuba nemijelo emithathu okanye ngaphezulu, ngokuxhomekeke kwimfuno yokubuyisela umva kunye nokujika. Iivalve zeplagi kunye nebhola zifaneleke ngakumbi kule njongo, kwaye ngoko ke, iivalve ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela umva kunye nokuguqula zikhethwa njengenye yezi valve. Nangona kunjalo, KWEZINYE IZIXHOBO, ezinye IINTLOBO ZEVAVAVA ZINOKUSETYENZISWA NJENGEZIPHUMULI ZOTHUTHO, NGOKUBA AMAVAVAVU AMABINI okanye ANGAPHEZULU aqhagamshelwe ngokufanelekileyo enye kwenye. 4. Phakathi ngamasuntswana amisiweyo Ukuba UKUVALWA KUNQUMILE EMVA NAPHAMBI KWESIHLALO, AMANQAKU ANOKUBANJISWA, NGOKO LE VALIVI IFANELE KUPHELA I-MEDIA ECOCEKILEYO NGOKUPHANDLE NGAPHANDLE KOKUBA UMSEBENZI WOKUtywina UVUMELEKILE UKUBA AMANQAKU ANGABHINWE. Iivalve zebhola kunye neeplagi zeplagi zisula indawo yokutywina ngexesha lokuvula nokuvala, ngoko ke zifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwimidiya kunye neengqungquthela ezimisiwe. Uhlalutyo lonikezelo lwamanzi kunye nokukhetha ivalve yombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi, ukukhetha ivalve kunye neendawo zokuseta (a) umbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi osetyenziswa kwivalve, ngokubanzi ngokwale migaqo ilandelayo yokukhetha 1. Xa i-diameter yombhobho ingekho ngaphezulu kwe-50mm, kuyacetyiswa ukuba sebenzisa ivalve yeglowubhu, xa idiameter yombhobho ingaphezulu kwe-50mm, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ivalve yesango kunye nevalve yebhabhathane. I-2 idinga ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba, uxinzelelo lwamanzi xa kusetyenziswa i-valve yokulawula, i-valve yokusika. Okokuqala, ukhetho lwevalve kunye neendawo zokuseta (a) isivalo esisetyenziswa kumbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi, ngokubanzi ngokwale migaqo ilandelayo 1. Xa i-diameter yombhobho ingekho ngaphezulu kwe-50mm, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ivelufa yeglowubhu, naxa umbhobho wedayamitha Ingaphezulu kwe-50mm, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ivalve yesango kunye nevalve yebhabhathane. I-2 idinga ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba, uxinzelelo lwamanzi xa kusetyenziswa i-valve yokulawula, i-valve yokusika. 3. Apho ukuxhathisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kuncinci (njengombhobho wokufunxa impompo yamanzi), ivalve yesango kufuneka isetyenziswe. 4. Ivalve yesango kunye nevalve yebhabhathane iya kusetyenziswa kwicandelo lombhobho apho ukuhamba kwamanzi kufuneka kujikelezwe kabini, kwaye isivalo sokumisa singasetyenziswa. 5. Ivalve yebhabhathane kunye nevalve yebhola kufuneka isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinendawo encinci yokufaka. 6. Ivalve yokumisa kufuneka isetyenziswe kwicandelo lombhobho elihlala livuliwe kwaye livaliwe. 7. Ivalve enemisebenzi emininzi kufuneka isetyenziswe kumbhobho wokukhupha amanzi onedayamitha enkulu. (2) Ezi ndawo zilandelayo zombhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi kufuneka zibonelelwe ngeevalvu 1. Umbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi wesithili esihlala abantu uya kuphuma kwicandelo lombhobho ongenela kumbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi kamasipala. 2. Iinqununu zombhobho wombhobho womnatha ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala ziya kusekwa ngokweemfuno zokwahlula. Xa icandelo lombhobho wendandatho lide kakhulu, lifanelekile ukuseta i-valve yecandelo. 3. Isiphelo sokuqala sombhobho wesebe oqhagamshelwe kumbhobho omkhulu wokuhambisa amanzi kwindawo yokuhlala okanye ekuqaleni kombhobho wendlu. 4. Umbhobho wasekhaya, imitha yamanzi kunye nezinyusi zesebe (ezantsi kwesikhuphukeli, iziphelo eziphezulu nezisezantsi zesikhuphukeli seringi esime nkqo). 5. Umbhobho oyintloko wombhobho wombhobho wombhobho kunye nombhobho wokudibanisa ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yombhobho wesebe. 6. Umbhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi wangaphakathi uqhagamshelwe kwindawo yokuqala yombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi odityaniswe kwindlu yangasese nakwindlu yangasese kawonke-wonke, njl. njl., kwaye indawo yokuhambisa amanzi kumbhobho wesebe lokuhambisa amanzi kufuneka imiselwe xa kukho amanzi ama-3 okanye ngaphezulu. iindawo zokuhambisa. 7. Umbhobho wokuphuma wempompo yamanzi kunye nempompo yokufunxa yempompo yamanzi yokunkcenkceshela. 8. Imibhobho yokungena nokuphuma kwamanzi kunye nemibhobho yokukhupha amanzi kwitanki yamanzi. 9. Izibane zamanzi kunye nemibhobho yokugcwalisa kwakhona yezixhobo (ezifana nesifudumezi kunye nenqaba yokupholisa). 10. Imibhobho yokucoca izixhobo zococeko (umz. ezinkulu, iindawo zokuchama, iibhesini zokuhlambela, iishawara, njl. njl.). 11. Ezinye izesekeli, ezifana ne-valve yokuphuma ngokuzenzekelayo, i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, i-hammer eliminator yamanzi, i-gauge ye-pressure gauge, iplagi yokutshiza, i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nesixhobo sokuthintela umva ngaphambi nangemva. 12. Iivalvu zokuhambisa amanzi kufuneka zibekwe kwindawo esezantsi yothungelwano lonikezelo lwamanzi. (3) Ivalve yokukhangela kufuneka ikhethwe ngokubanzi ngokwendawo yayo yokufakela, uxinzelelo lwamanzi phambi kwevalve, iimfuno zokusebenza zokutywina emva kokuvala kunye nobukhulu besando samanzi esibangelwa xa kuvalwa 1. Xa uxinzelelo phambi kwevalve encinci, ujingi, ibhola kunye neevalvu zokujonga i-shuttle kufuneka zikhethwe. 2. Xa iimfuno zokusebenza kokutywinwa zingqongqo emva kokuvalwa, i-valve yokutshekisha ene-spring yokuvala kufuneka ikhethwe. 3. Xa isando samanzi sifuneka ukuba sibe buthathaka, kuyafaneleka ukuba ukhethe i-valve yokujonga i-noiseless evala ngokukhawuleza okanye i-valve yokuvala ngokukhawuleza kunye nesixhobo sokumanzisa. 4. I-valve ikhefu okanye i-spool ye-valve yokutshekisha kufuneka ikwazi ukuzivala ngokwayo phantsi kwesenzo sobunzima okanye amandla entwasahlobo. Iivalve zokutshekisha ziya KUFAKWA KUMA CANDELO ALANDELAYO OMbhobho WOKUNIKELA AMANZI Ikhokelela kwityhubhu; Kumbhobho wokungena we-heater yamanzi evaliweyo okanye izixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi; umbhobho wokukhupha impompo yamanzi; Imibhobho yamanzi yokungena nokuphuma idityaniswe netanki yamanzi, inqaba yamanzi, kunye necandelo lombhobho ophumayo wedama eliphakamileyo lombhobho. Qaphela: Akuyimfuneko ukufakela ii-valve zokutshekisha kumacandelo ombhobho axhotyiswe ngabathinteli bokubuyela umva. (5) Ezi ndawo zilandelayo zombhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi ziya kuxhotyiswa ngezixhobo zokuphuma 1. Kuthungelwano lonikezelo lwamanzi olusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile, iivalvu zokukhupha ezizenzekelayo kufuneka zimiselwe ekupheleni kunye nendawo ephakamileyo yothungelwano. 2. Kwicandelo lothungelwano lonikezelo lwamanzi olunokuguquguquka okucacileyo kunye nokuqokelelana komoya, ivalve yokukhupha i-automatic okanye ivalve ephumayo eyenziwe ngesandla isetiwe kwindawo ephezulu yeli candelo. 3. Isixhobo sokubonelela ngamanzi e-pneumatic, xa kusetyenziswa itanki yamanzi e-pneumatic yokuzalisa umoya ngokuzenzekelayo, indawo ephakamileyo yenethiwekhi yokuhambisa amanzi kufuneka ixhotyiswe nge-valve yokukhupha ngokuzenzekelayo. Ezimbini, iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kweevalvu ezahlukeneyo 1, iivalve zesango, ivalve yesango ibhekisa kumacandelo okuvala (isango) ecaleni kwendlela ethe nkqo ye-axis yetshaneli yokuhambisa ivalve, kumbhobho isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengendlela yokusika. , oko kukuthi, usetyenziso oluvulelekileyo okanye oluvalwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iivalve zesango azinakusetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba. Ingasetyenziswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi lingasetyenziselwa ukushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo zevalve. Kodwa ivalve yesango ayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuhambisa udaka kunye nezinye izinto ezisasazwa kumbhobho. Iingenelo: (1) ukuxhathisa ulwelo oluncinane; ② itorque efunekayo xa uvule nokuvalwa incinci; ③ ingasetyenziswa kuhambo oluphakathi ukuya kumacala amabini olawulo lwendlela yothungelwano lweringi, oko kukuthi, ukuhamba komendi akuthintelwa; (4) Xa ivuleke ngokupheleleyo, umphezulu wokutywina ukhukuliswa sisixhobo esisebenzayo kunevalve yokumisa; ⑤ Isakhiwo somzimba silula, kwaye iteknoloji yokuvelisa ilungile; ⑥ Ubude besakhiwo bufutshane. Ukungalungi: (1) ubukhulu kunye nobude bokuvula bukhulu, indawo efunekayo yokufakela nayo inkulu; ② Kwinkqubo yokuvula nokuvala, umphezulu wokutywina uyangqubana, ilahleko yokukhuhlana inkulu, kwaye kulula ukwenza i-abrasion phenomenon kubushushu obuphezulu; ③ Ivalve yesango ngokubanzi inemigangatho emibini yokutywina, ukuya ekusetyenzweni, ukugaya kunye nokugcinwa kwandise ubunzima obuthile; (4) Ixesha elide lokuvula nokuvala. 2, butterfly Butterfly valve luhlobo lwediski yokuvula kunye nokuvala iinxalenye reciprocating malunga 90 degrees ukuvula, ukuvala kunye nokulungelelanisa umjelo ulwelo lwevalve. Izinto eziluncedo: ① isakhiwo esilula, umthamo omncinci, ubunzima obulula, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ezingasetyenziswanga kwivalve yedayamitha enkulu; ② ukuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuvala, ukuchasana nokuhamba okuncinci; (3) ingasetyenziselwa okuphakathi kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo amisiweyo, ngokwamandla omgangatho wokutywina nawo angasetyenziselwa umgubo kunye nemidiya yegranular. Ingasetyenziswa ekuvuleni kwendlela ezimbini, ukuvala kunye nohlengahlengiso lombhobho wokungena komoya kunye nokususwa kothuli, kwaye isetyenziswa kwimibhobho yerhasi kunye neendlela zamanzi zesinyithi, ishishini lokukhanya, amandla ombane kunye neenkqubo zepetrochemical, njl. Ukungalungi: ① uluhlu yokulawulwa kokuhamba ayinkulu, xa ivulwa ukuya kwi-30%, ukuhamba kuya kungena ngaphezu kwe-95%. ② Ngenxa yolwakhiwo kunye nezinto zokutywina zevalve yebhabhathane, ayifanelekanga kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nenkqubo yemibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ubushushu bokusebenza ngokubanzi bungaphantsi kwe300℃, PN40 ngezantsi. ③ Ukusebenza kokutywina kumbi xa kuthelekiswa nevalve yebhola kunye nevalve yeglowubhu, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kwiindawo apho imfuneko yokutywinwa ingekho phezulu kakhulu. I-3, i-valve yebhola iguqulwe kwi-valve yeplagi, indawo yayo yokuvula kunye nokuvala yibhola, ukusetyenziswa kwebhola ejikeleze i-axis ye-valve stem rotation 90 ° ukufezekisa injongo yokuvula nokuvala. Iivalvu zebhola zisetyenziselwa ukusika, ukusasaza kunye nokutshintsha indlela yokuhamba okuphakathi kumbhobho. Iivalvu zebhola eziyilwe njengezivulo ezimile okwe-V nazo zinomsebenzi wokulawula ukuhamba kakuhle. Izinto ezilungileyo: ① Inokumelana nokuqukuqela okuphantsi (eneneni 0); ② Ngenxa yokuba ayiyi kuxinga emsebenzini (ngaphandle kwe-lubricant), inokusetyenziswa ngokuthembekileyo kwimithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo kunye nolwelo olusezantsi lokubila; (3) Kuluhlu olukhulu loxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, inokufikelela ukutywinwa okupheleleyo; ④ Ukuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuvala kunokufezekiswa. Ixesha lokuvula kunye nokuvalwa kwezinye izakhiwo yi-0.05-0.1s, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ingasetyenziselwa inkqubo yokuzenzekelayo yebhentshi yokuvavanya. Xa uvula kwaye uvala i-valve ngokukhawuleza, umsebenzi awunayo impembelelo. ⑤ Iindawo zokuvala ezingqukuva zinokubekwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo yomda; ⑥ isixhobo esisebenzayo sitywinwe ngokuthembekileyo kumacala omabini; ⑦ kwindawo evuleke ngokupheleleyo kwaye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo, ibhola kunye nesihlalo sevalve sokutywinwa komphezulu kunye nokwahlukaniswa okuphakathi, ngoko ke isantya esiphezulu ngesiphakathi asiyi kubangela ukhukuliseko lomphezulu wokutywina; ⑧ Ulwakhiwo olubambeneyo, ubunzima obulula, lunokuqwalaselwa ukuba sesona sakhiwo sevalvu sisesona sifanelekileyo senkqubo ephakathi kobushushu obuphantsi; ⑨ I-Symmetrical valve body, ngokukodwa isakhiwo somzimba wevalve edibeneyo, unokumelana noxinzelelo oluvela kumbhobho kakuhle; ⑩ Iindawo zokuvala zinokumelana nokwahlukana koxinzelelo oluphezulu xa uvala. (11) umzimba wevalve odityaniswe ngokupheleleyo, unokungcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni, ukuze isivalo sangaphakathi sidle umhlwa, ubomi benkonzo obuphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-30, i-oyile, umbhobho werhasi yendalo ube yeyona valve ifanelekileyo. Izinto ezingeloncedo: ① kuba eyona nto iphambili yokutywina isihlalo sevalve yi-PTFE, ayisebenzi phantse kuzo zonke iikhemikhali, kwaye inomlinganiso omncinci wokukhuhlana, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, akukho lula ukuguga, usetyenziso olubanzi lobushushu kunye neempawu ezigqibeleleyo zokutywina. . Nangona kunjalo, IIMPAWU ZOMZIMBA ZE-TEFLON, KUBANDAKANYA I-COEFFICIENT EPHAKAMILEYO YOKWANISWA, UKUBUZEKA OKUNGQANDAYO, KUNYE NOKUZIPHATHA OKUNGEMPEKO, ZIFUNA UKUBA ISIHLALO SISENZIWE UKUJONGA KWEZI mpawu. Ngoko ke, xa izinto zokutywinwa ziba nzima, ukuthembeka kwesitywina konakaliswa. Ngaphezu koko, iTeflon inebanga eliphantsi lokumelana nobushushu kwaye inokusetyenziswa kuphela phantsi kwemeko engaphantsi kwe-180 ℃. Ngaphezulu kolu bushushu, izinto zokutywina ziya kuguga. Kwimeko yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, ngokuqhelekileyo ayisetyenziswanga kwi-120 ℃. (2) ukusebenza kwayo kokulawula kubi kunevalve yeglowubhu, ngakumbi ivalve yepneumatic (okanye ivalve yombane). 4, ivalve yokumisa Ivalve apho ilungu lokuvala (idiski) lihamba kumgca osembindini wesihlalo. Ngokwale ntshukumo yediski, ukutshintshwa kwesihlalo se-valve ngokusebenzisa i-valve ihambelana ne-disc stroke. Ngenxa yolu hlobo lwe-valve isiqu esivulekileyo okanye esivaliweyo sifutshane, kwaye sinomsebenzi othembekileyo wokunqunyulwa, kwaye ngenxa yokutshintsha kwesitulo sevalve ngokubetha kwediski silingana nobudlelwane, kufanelekile kakhulu kulawulo lokuhamba. . Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lwevalve lufanelekile kakhulu ukusika okanye ukulungelelanisa kunye ne-throttling. Izinto ezilungileyo: ① kwinkqubo yokuvula nokuvala, ngenxa yokuba ingxabano phakathi kwediski kunye nevalve yokutywina incinci kunevalve yesango, ngoko ke ayinxibi. Ukuphakama kokuvula ngokuqhelekileyo * 1/4 yetshaneli yokuhlala, incinci kakhulu kunevalve yesango; ③ Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho indawo enye yokutywina kumzimba wevalve kunye nediski, ngoko ke iteknoloji yokuvelisa ingcono kwaye kulula ukuyigcina. ④ Ngenxa yokuba i-filler ngokubanzi ingumxube we-asbestos kunye negraphite, inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Izivalo zomphunga zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye neevalvu zokumisa. Izinto ezingeloncedo: ① ngenxa yecala lokuqukuqela eliphakathi kwivalvu itshintshile, ngoko ke ukuchasana kokuhamba okuncinci kwevalve yeglowubhu kuphezulu kunoninzi lwezinye iindidi zeevalvu; ② Ngenxa yohambo olude, isantya sokuvula sihamba kancinci kunevalve yebhola. 5. Ivalve yokuplaga Ibhekisa kwindawo yokuvala kwivalve ejikelezayo emile okwe-plunger, nge-90 degrees of rotation ukuze iplagi yevalve kwizibuko lomjelo kunye nomzimba wevalvu kwizibuko lomjelo inxibelelane okanye yahlulwe, ivule okanye ivale ivalve. Iplagi ingaba yi-cylindrical okanye i-conical in shape. Umgaqo wayo ngokusisiseko ufana ne-valve yebhola, i-valve yebhola iphuhliswa ngesiseko se-valve yeplagi, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-oil field exploitation, kodwa iphinda isetyenziswe kwi-petrochemical industry.