Ivalve yesango imathiriyeli ekrwada iValve yomzimba Ivalve yentsimbi yesango ivelufa izinto ekrwada intsimbi annealing

Ivalve yesango imathiriyeli ekrwada iValve umzimba Ivalve yentsimbi yesango Ivalve yentsimbi izinto ekrwada Intsimbi yokuqhola Ingasetyenziselwa izinto ezingadlekiyo, kwiimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo ezifana noluhlu oluthile lobushushu, ubume bexabiso lokuxinana, ingasetyenziselwa izinto ezidlayo. Ubushushu obukhoyo -29~425℃. Umzimba wevalve, ivalve yokuqukuqela enye kunye nevalve yesango (ivalve yepiston) ibonakala intsonkothe ​​ngakumbi, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweendawo zokuphosa. Kuphela ezinye iivalve zecaliber okanye iivalve zesango ezinemigangatho ekhethekileyo yokusebenza zisebenzisa iindawo zentsimbi. Uninzi lomzimba wevalve, ivalve yokuqukuqela enye kunye nevalve yesango (ivalve yepiston) ibonakala intsonkothe ​​ngakumbi, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweendawo zokuphosa. Kuphela ezinye iivalve zecaliber okanye iivalve zesango ezinemigangatho ekhethekileyo yokusebenza zisebenzisa iindawo zentsimbi. Intsimbi yeCarbon Ingasetyenziselwa izinto ezingadlekiyo, kwiimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo ezifana noluhlu oluthile lobushushu, imo engqongileyo yexabiso loxinaniso, ingasetyenziselwa ezinye izinto ezitshabalalisayo. Ubushushu obukhoyo -29 ~ 425℃ Amalungu entsimbi yeCarbon cast Okwangoku, umgangatho wokuphunyezwa osetyenziswa kwilizwe lethu yi-GB12229 -- 89 "ivalve jikelele, i-carbon steel casting Conditions Technical", uphawu lwezinto eziphathekayo yiWCA, WCB, WCC. Umgangatho uhambelana nomgangatho we-ASTMA216-77 we-ASTMA216-77 "ubushushu obuphezulu be-carbon steel Castings standard standards". Umgangatho uguqulwe kabini ubuncinci, kodwa i-GB12229-89 yam isasebenza, kwaye inguqulelo entsha endiyibonayo kwinqanaba langoku yi-Astma216-2001. Ihluke kwi-Astma 216-77 (oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwi-GB12229-89) ngeendlela ezintathu. A: Iimfuno ze-2001 zongeze imfuno ye-WCB yensimbi, oko kukuthi, kwi-0.01% yokunciphisa ixabiso lomda wekhabhoni enkulu kakhulu, ixabiso lomda we-magnesium likhulu kakhulu linganyuswa nge-0.04% de ixabiso eliphezulu li-1.28%. B: I-sundries Cu ye-WCA, i-WCB kunye ne-WCC imodeli: i-0.50% kwi-77, ilungiswe kwi-0.30% ngo-2001; I-Cr: 0.40% kwi-77 kunye ne-0.50% ngo-2001; Mo: Yayiyi-0.25% ngo-'77 kunye ne-0.20% ngo-2001. C: Intsalela yesiqalelo sokudityaniswa kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi okanye ilingane ne-1.0%. Ngo-2001, xa kukho umgangatho olinganayo wekhabhoni, eli gatya alifanelekanga, kwaye ubuninzi bekhabhoni obulingana nemodeli emithathu kufuneka ibe yi-0.5 kunye nefomula yokubala elinganayo yekhabhoni. I-Q&A A: Amacandelo okuphosa afanelekileyo kufuneka afaneleke kwi-organic chemical composition, izakhiwo ze-mechanical mechanical, kwaye ahlangabezane neemfuno, ngokukodwa ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezishiyekileyo, ngaphandle koko kuya kulimaza ukusebenza kwe-welding. B: I-organic chemical composition echazwe kwikhowudi iseyona nto iphezulu. Ukuze ufumane ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding kwaye ufezekise iipropati ezifunekayo zesakhiwo, kuyimfuneko ukuseka imigangatho yolawulo lwangaphakathi lwamacandelo kwaye uqhube inkqubo yonyango echanekileyo yokushisa kwiindawo zokuphosa kunye neentonga zokuvavanya. Ngaphandle koko, ukuveliswa kunye nokuveliswa kweendawo ezingafanelekanga zokuphosa. Ngokomzekelo, umgangatho wekhabhoni yensimbi ye-WCB ≤0.3%, ukuba i-smelter ngaphandle kwe-WCB yensimbi ye-carbon content ye-0.1% okanye ephantsi ukusuka ekubunjweni ukuze ibone ifanelekile, kodwa iipropati ze-mechanical mechanical azihlangabezani neemfuno. Umxholo wekhabhoni ukuba ulingana ne-0.3% nayo ifanelekile kodwa iipropati ze-welding Ububi, ukulawulwa kwekhabhoni ukuya kwi-0.25% kufanelekile. Ufuna ukuba "ukungena kunye nokuphuma," abanye abatyali-mali baya kubeka ngokucacileyo imimiselo yolawulo lwekhabhoni. C: Iindidi zobushushu ezinxulumene neevalvu zentsimbi yekhabhoni (a) JB/T5300 -- 91 "izixhobo zevalvu yendalo yonke" iimfuno zevalvu yentsimbi yekhabhoni ekhoyo yobushushu obuyi -30℃ ukuya kuma-450℃. (b) SH3064-94 "intsimbi yepetrochemical yokukhetha ivalvu jikelele, ukuhlolwa kunye nokwamkelwa" iimfuno zevalve yentsimbi yekhabhoni ekhoyo yobushushu bo -20 ℃ ukuya kuma-425 ℃ (ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zomda ophantsi we -20 ℃ kukwenza ukudibanisa ne-GB150 yentsimbi isitya soxinzelelo) (c) ANSI 16 · 34 "ivalve yeflange kunye ne-butt welding end" uxinzelelo lokusebenza - iqondo lobushushu elilinganiswe ngoku ixabiso langoku iimfuno ezisemgangathweni WCB A105 (carbon steel) uluhlu lobushushu olukhoyo kuquka -29 ℃ ukuya ku-425 ℃, ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngaphezu kwe-425 ℃ ℃ ixesha elide. Intsimbi yekhabhoni eqinileyo ithande ukwenza igraphitize malunga ne 425℃. Ivalve yesango imathiriyeli ekrwada yentsimbi eqhotyoshelayo i-annealing epheleleyo (i-recrystallization annealing): intsimbi yokufudumeza kancinane ukuya kwi-Ac3 (intsimbi ye-hypoeutectoid) ngaphezulu kwe-30 ~ 50℃, ukuqinisekisa ixesha eliphakathi, emva koko ukucotha kwefriji ngaphandle. Kuba intsimbi eqhelekileyo, ngokwenkqubo zokufudumeza ferrite ibe martensite (umva utshintsho recrystallization) kunye nenkqubo efrijini ukongeza utshintsho recrystallization yesibini, le crystal ecolekileyo, umaleko ashinyeneyo, isakhiwo iyunifomu ferrite. Ukufakwa kwentsimbi engwevu: intsimbi ifudunyezwa kubushushu obuyi 30 ~ 50℃ ngaphezulu kwe Ac1, emva koko ipholiswe kancinci. I-1) Inkcazo: Ukushisa iindawo ukuya kwi-30 ~ 50 ℃ ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa elibalulekileyo, ukufudumala ukufudumala ixesha elithile, kwaye emva koko kunye nefriji yesithando somlilo. (Iqondo lokushisa elibalulekileyo: iqondo lokushisa apho isakhiwo sangaphakathi sentsimbi sitshintsha) 2) Iinjongo: (1) Ukunciphisa amandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokugaya; (2) Ukucoca ingqolowa, uphucule isakhiwo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-cementite ngentsimbi, kwaye ubeke isiseko senkqubo yokugqibela yokunyanga ukushisa; (3) Susa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal, susa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal olubangelwa ukulungiswa kwemveliso yokuguqulwa kwemilo, ukucutshungulwa kokugaya okanye i-welding yombane kunye noxinzelelo lwe-thermal oluseleyo kwiindawo zokuphosa, ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kunye nokuphepha ukuqhekeka okomileyo; (4) i-spherification yesamente ukunciphisa amandla; ⑤ Ukuphucula kunye nokuphelisa zonke iintlobo zeentsilelo zombutho ezenziwe kwintsimbi yokubumba, i-calcination kunye nokusebenza kwe-welding, ukuphepha ukubangela amabala amancinci amhlophe. 4) Uhlobo: Kwimveliso, inkqubo ye-annealing isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngokwemveliso yokuthomalalisa isiphumo asifani, kukho iindidi ezininzi zemigangatho yenkqubo yokufunxa, esetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo kukuqhobosha okugqityiweyo, ukuphoswa kwentsimbi engwevu, okanye ukuthomalalisa koxinzelelo lwasemhlabeni (1) Gqibezela annealing (recrystallization annealing) : intsimbi ukufudumeza okucothayo kwi-Ac3 (intsimbi ye-hypoeutectoid) ngaphezulu kwe-30 ~ 50 ℃, ukuqinisekisa ixesha eliphakathi, emva koko ifriji epholileyo ngaphandle. Kuba intsimbi eqhelekileyo, ngokwenkqubo zokufudumeza ferrite ibe martensite (umva utshintsho recrystallization) kunye nenkqubo efrijini ukongeza utshintsho recrystallization yesibini, le crystal ecolekileyo, umaleko ashinyeneyo, isakhiwo iyunifomu ferrite. ② Ukufakwa kwentsimbi engwevu: intsimbi ifudunyezwa kubushushu obuyi 30 ~ 50℃ ngaphezulu kwe Ac1, emva koko ipholiswe kancinci. Isakhiwo se-ferrite siba si-spheroidal kunye ne-granular, kwaye intsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi naphakathi enolu hlobo lwesakhiwo inamandla aphantsi, isakhono esinamandla sokomba kunye nokukwazi ukugoba okubandayo. Kwinsimbi ye-alloy, olu hlobo lwesakhiwo luyisakhiwo esingcono sokuqala ngaphambi kokuba unyango lobushushu. (Isampulu yeshafti i-CrWMn, ishafti yesikhokelo iTenon GCr15) Gqibezela i-annealing kunye ne-isothermal annealing Gqibezela ukufudumeza-- ukufudumeza ukuya kwi-Ac3 20~30℃, ukugqunyelelwa kobushushu emva kwesithando somlilo esibandayo- kubhekiselele ekufudumezelweni ukugqiba ukwenza i-austenization Injongo: Ngokucokisekileyo ngokucokisekileyo ukutya okuziinkozo okucolekileyo, okulinganayo. isakhiwo, ukuphucula ukusebenza Isicelo: insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid, insimbi ye-carbon ephantsi: ukunciphisa amandla, ukuphucula ukusebenza kokugaya. Umbutho: FP Isothermal inkqubo annealing -- ukufudumeza ukuya Ac3 (Ac1) 20 ~ 50℃, Ukugqunywa kwe-Thermal kulandelwa kukupholisa komoya emva kwenkqubo ye-isothermal ilandelayo kwi-Ar1: kunye nokufakwa ngokucokisekileyo ukuze kube lula ukulawula Isicelo: ephakathi kunye ne-ferritic stainless steel Umbutho: FP okanye Fe3C P Grey cast iron annealing and spread Grey cast iron annealing - itshiswe ukuya kwi-Ac1 20~30 Injongo: Ukufumana i-Fe3C engqukuva, ethambileyo Ukusetyenziswa: i-eutectoid, intsimbi ye-eutectoid. Umgca oqinileyo, ukufakwa kwe-thermal ixesha elide (10-15h) emva kokupholisa okucothayo Injongo: ukubunjwa okulinganayo Kufanelekile: ukugalelwa kwensimbi engenasici Ulwakhiwo oluncinci: Inkozo erhabaxa - emva kokusasazwa kwe-annealing ngokucokisekileyo okanye ukucinywa - ukulungelelaniswa koxinzelelo lwe-annealing kunye nomsebenzi wokwenza lukhuni i-annealing De- uxinzelelo annealing -- ukufudumeza ukuya Ac1-100 ~ 200℃, ukugqunywa kobushushu emva kokuba eziko elibandayo Injongo: Ukususa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nokuzinzisa umbutho Isicelo: iindawo ezibandayo zomzobo, iindawo zokunyanga ubushushu Umbutho: Awuyi kutshintsha Umsebenzi wokuqinisa i-annealing -- ukufudumeza ukuya kwi-t kwaye emva koko i-150 ~ 250 ℃, ukugquma ubushushu emva kokupholisa komoya Injongo: Ukunciphisa amandla kunye nokwandisa iplastiki Isicelo: umsebenzi wokuqinisa imveliso ye-workpiece Isakhiwo: i-equiaxed grain Umsebenzi wokushisa obunzima: T re =T ukunyibilika × 0.4 (ubushushu) ukucima Ukuqhelanisa - ukufudumeza ukuya kwi-Ac3(Accm) 30 ~ 50℃, ukugqunywa kobushushu emva kokupholisa komoya Injongo: Cokisa okuziinkozo, uphucule ukusebenza kweSicelo: intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu HB↑ → Ukuphucula iimpawu zokusika zekhabhoni (i-aluminium alloy) intsimbi yokusulungekisa iinkozo ezilinganayo (unyango lobushushu, unyango ubushushu phambi) hypereutectoid intsimbi → umnatha ecacileyo Fe3CⅡ, ebeka isiseko spheroidization unyango lwamalungu aneemfuno ezisezantsi → izixhobo mechanical ukusebenza inkqubo yokugqibela ubushushu.