umgangatho ophezulu wevalve yokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi

UMnu. Waterman wayesakuba ngumgcini wepaki yesizwe kunye nombhali weNational Geographic's Atlas of National Parks. UMlambo iNoatak ophuphumayo ukwisango elikude leArctic National Park kumntla-ntshona weAlaska, utyhala isihlenga sethu ezantsi yaye sivuthuza ngumoya. . Intlambo ibanzi kangangokuba unokuziva ubhidekile ukuba akunazo iibhayinotyhulayi kunye nokudibana rhoqo neemephu. Ukuze ndiphephe ukubetheka elunxwemeni lomlambo, kwafuneka ndijonge umlambo ozamazamayo ngamehlo abukhali kwaye ndiphakamise iphini ngezandla zozibini. iintsuku ezintathu), yonke indawo yokukhempisha enokubakho yakhukuliseka yintlenge yaza yafunxwa. Iminyaka eyi-36 idlulile oko ndandigqibele ukuba ngumkhokeli kuMlambo i-Noatak. Kulo nyaka, andizange ndonwabele iinkumbulo ezidadayo kwilizwe lasendle onokucinga ngalo, kodwa ndothuswa yindlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluyitshintshe ngayo into endandikade ndisazi. Nditsaleleke entlango ubomi bam bonke ukuze ndihlaziywe ngokomoya, ngoko ke ndakhetha i-Noatak njengokhenketho lokugqibela lwasentlango ukuze ndibelane nonyana wam oneminyaka eli-15 u-Alistair kunye nolunye usapho. Umsi womlilo eColorado. Ndicinga ukuba oku kuya kuba sisiqendu esihle kwi-Far North. Ndothuswa kukuba, iqondo lobushushu lalisondele kwii-90 degrees Fahrenheit iintsuku ezintathu ezilandelelanayo.Ezi zinambuzane zinzima ngokumangalisayo.Size apha ngo-Agasti, sinethemba lokuba iqabaka eqhele ukuqala ngaloo nyanga iya kubulala ilifu lengcongconi elidume kakubi.Kodwa utshintsho lwemozulu luye lwaqhubeka ixesha elide. ehlotyeni kunye nokulibazisa ingqele, ngoko sifuna iminatha yentloko kunye nezigxothi zezinambuzane. Mna no-Alistair saqubha ngokuphindaphindiweyo emlanjeni ukuze aphole. Lo ngumsebenzi endingazange ndiwuqwalasele ngexesha lohambo oluninzi oluya kwindawo ebandayo esenyakatho.Kodwa kule minyaka mithandathu idlulileyo, iAlaska iye yaneyona mozulu ishushu kwirekhodi. Ukususela kuhambo lwam lokuqala kule mithombo ngo-1982, iqondo lobushushu leArctic liye lanyuka ngamadigri aliqela. ibifudumala ngokuphindwe kabini kumlinganiselo wehlabathi.Kumashumi eminyaka ukususela ngoko, le nxalenye yeAlaska iye yabethwa ngamaza obushushu angaqhelekanga kunye nemililo yasendle. Xa isaqhwithi safika ngo-Agasti 5, iqondo lobushushu lehla laya kutsho ngaphezu kwama-50 degrees, yaye xa siphuma kwiSango leArctic sangena kwiNoatak National Reserve, imvula yaphinda yawisa. iihektare, okwenza kube yeyona ndawo inkulu engathintelwanga kweli lizwe, ikhusela eyona nkqubo yemilambo ingaguqukiyo. Enye yazo kukunyibilika kwe-permafrost, egubungela phantse ikota yommandla osemantla we-hemisphere. Ndacacisela u-Alistair ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuye kwasusa i-permafrost kwisikhenkcisi esaziwayo. I-deposition iye yaluvuselela kwaye yatyhalela uluntu lwezityalo zamandulo emhlabeni, ngokukhawuleza lwayikhenkceza kwi-permafrost ngaphambi kokuba yonke into ibole.Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenguqu kwezemizi-mveliso, i-permafrost iqulathe ikharbhon eninzi kunaleyo ikhutshwe ngabantu. Ngoku, ingathi isipinatshi esinomkhenkce sibekwe kwikhawuntara yasekhitshini. I-Permafrost sele iqalisile ukubola kwaye ikhuphela ikharbhon nemethane emoyeni-ukongeza kwiigesi zegreenhouse eziveliswe ngabantu ezibangele ukufudumala kwehlabathi. Ngethuba lokunyuka kwe-tundra kwi-1980, iinyawo zam zahlala zomile kakhulu; Ngesi sihlandlo, sathambisa iibhutsi zethu ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye sahamba kwi-tundra emanziswe ziinyembezi ze-permafrost.Intaba ephezulu ayinakhephu.Ikhephu kwisango leNorth Pole laphantse lanyamalala unyaka wonke.Ngokohlolisiso, kwi-34 square. Iikhilomitha zekhephu elimhlophe elabonwa ngo-1985, iikhilomitha ezili-4 kuphela ezisele ngo-2017. Kwi-Noatak, njengoko amatye awela kunye nentlabathi yagalela emlanjeni, kwafuneka siqhube iirafti zethu kunxweme olunyibilikisiweyo. ivalwe yintlenga. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lwemilambo emincinci kunye nemisinga kulo mmandla lufumanise ukuba ukunyibilika kwe-permafrost kupholisa amanzi, nto leyo izazi zebhayoloji zithi zisenokonakalisa ukuveliswa kwesalmon.Oku kubangele iinkxalabo zexesha elide kuluntu olukude olusezantsi oluxhomekeke kwisalmon ukuze baziphilise. Xa sibhabha, saphinda sabona idama elibizwa ngokuba yi-thermokarst ligxalathelana ukuya kwi-tundra eluhlaza. Njengoko imozulu yayisiya ibafaneleka ngakumbi, amatyholo anemithi ayesiya emantla kwiindawo ezinengca ephantsi. Amatyholo wona afudusa ubushushu belanga obungakumbi ekhephini nasemhlabeni ukuya kutsho kwiqabaka. kunxweme oluphakamileyo lweNoatak, ejikelezwe yimithi yebhirch enengca efika emadolweni. Namhlanje, inkoliso yeendonga zomlambo igqunywe yimithi yomngcunube. Ngenxa yokuba izityalo zibonelela ngokubonelela ngamandla kunye nendawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana zasendle, le "Arctic greening" iguqula yonke i-ecosystem.Ukutsalwa ngala matyholo omthi, i-moose, i-beaver kunye ne-snowshoe hares ngoku zihambela emantla kwaye zibangela utshintsho olongezelelweyo.I-Shrubs nayo iyanciphisa i-lichen isigqubuthelo, esikukutya okuyimfuneko kwiinyamakazi ezingaphezu kwama-250 000 ezinqumla loo mmandla, ezinye zazo ezihamba iikhilomitha ezingama-2 700 ukuya nokubuya kwindawo ezalela kuyo. Nangona siye salubona lonke olo tshintsho, sisanxilile kwintlango esemagqagaleni nengahanjwayo kangangokuba ebudeni bohambo lweekhilomitha ezingama-90, lweentsuku ezintandathu ukusuka eLake Pingo ukuya kwiLake Kavaculak, sabona nje Omnye umntu. Emva koko sisela isidlo sakusihlwa ngelixa siphepha ilanga elitshisayo phantsi kwe-raft exhaswayo.Siye saxubha ama-blueberries asendle.Emva kokuchitha iyure kumoya oqhuba intshulube entabeni, sabukela ibhere elimhlophe kunye namantshontsho ayo, singazi ukuba sikhona, sidlala. kwi-tundra. Konke oku kungenxa yokuba umalusi elusa amathole azo ehlotyeni njengoko ebekho kangangamawaka eminyaka. kodwa abasoze batyhalana, imisipha yabo yi-castanets yokwenyani ecofa Isandi, iimpuphu zabo zicofa elityeni. Ezi zidalwa zibhityileyo zikhukuliseka kwiindlela zazo zamandulo, njengomsi, zidlula kwelinye lawona mmandla wethu wokugqibela mkhulu. Ezi paki zibubutyebi obubalulekileyo bedemokhrasi yethu kwaye zithathwa njengezikhumbuzo kwizizukulwana ezizayo yiCongress kunye nabongameli bangaphambili.Ngoku babonisa ikamva lokutshintsha kwemozulu, eliye labetha i-Arctic ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kwihlabathi elipholileyo. Ngobunye ubusuku andizange ndibuthi buthongo, ndemka kunyana wam owayesozela, ndaza ndaphuma ententeni yethu, ndaya kukukhanya okuthambileyo okusezinzulwini zobusuku, umnyama wawugobe okwebhulorho ephezu komlambo evela kuThixo. , ndicinga nje ngoonyana bam ababini, nendlela bona nayo yonke inzala yethu abaya kujamelana ngayo nokungaqiniseki kobushushu bomhlaba. UJon Waterman wayesakuba ngumgcini wepaki yesizwe kunye nombhali weNational Park Atlas yeNational Geographic. IThe Times izibophelele ekupapasheni iileta ezahlukeneyo eziya kumhleli.Sifuna ukuva iingcinga zakho malunga noku okanye nawaphi na amanqaku ethu.Nanga amacebiso.Le yi-imeyile yethu: letters@nytimes.com.