Amanqaku aphambili okusebenza kombhobho omileyo: ungalibali ukugungxula!
2021-07-05
Kwakhala unomathotholo xa kwaqhambuka umlilo kwihotele ekufutshane kumgangatho wesihlanu. Emva kwemizuzu embalwa, usebenzisa ibhegi yakho yokunyuka ukwenza unxibelelwano-oko kukuthi, "nxibisa iipayipi" -kwindawo yokuhlala kumgangatho wesine, kwaye kumgangatho ophezulu ngaphezu kwakho, kubonakala ngathi inkqubo yokufafaza iphosakele. Ihotele. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba yimeko enoxinzelelo onokuthi ube nayo okanye ongazange ube nayo ngaphambili; ukwenza izinto ezincinci ngokufanelekileyo kuya kunceda ukoyisa uxinzelelo, kwaye impumelelo encinci iya kuba yimpumelelo enkulu. Abanye abantu banokucinga ukuba enye yezinto ezincinci kukukhawuleza, "Ungalibali ukuhlamba!" Ukucoca i-riser ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe lisebe lomlilo akuyona into encinci, kodwa kuyinyathelo elibalulekileyo elingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi kwaye lichaphazela kakhulu iziphumo zemisebenzi yokucima umlilo. Ukugungxulwa kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokunyuka, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza kwevalve; ugungxula inkunkuma kumbhobho; kwaye ikunika ixesha lokusombulula iingxaki kwangaphambili. Amanzi aphuma kwisinyusi aqinisekisa ukuba umbhobho unomthombo wamanzi. Kukho amathuba amaninzi okubonelela ngamanzi kwiinkqubo zokunyuka; kufuneka sazi ezinye iindlela jikelele. Imibhobho inokubonelelwa ngeempompo zomlilo ezinoxinzelelo, imithombo yamanzi kamasipala kunye okanye ngaphandle koxinzelelo olwaneleyo, okanye uQhagamshelwano lweSebe loMlilo (FDC) kuphela. Ndiyathemba ukuba ucwangcise esi sakhiwo kwangaphambili kwaye uyayiqonda inkqubo ofuna ukuyisebenzisa. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zempompo zomlilo ezixinzelelekileyo, xa uvula i-valve yokugungxula, uxinzelelo lwenkqubo luya kuhla, kwaye umpompo womlilo uya kuqonda ukuhla koxinzelelo, emva koko uqale kwaye unikeze amanzi axinzelelwe kwinkqubo. Oku ekugqibeleni oko ufuna ukuba kwenzeke kwinkqubo enikezelwa yimpompo yomlilo wokwakha. Ngokufanayo, xa i-FDC kunye ne-injini zidibene kwaye zimpontshwa ngokupheleleyo, amanzi aya kuphuma xa ivalve igungxulwa, kwaye yonke into ilungile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uvula ivalve kwaye akukho manzi aphumayo, oko kunokuthetha ukuba ivalve ephantsi kwegumbi lokumpompa okanye i-stair riser ayivulwanga, i-injini ixhunyiwe kuqhagamshelwano olungalunganga, okanye nasiphi na esinye isizathu. Mhlawumbi impompo yomlilo ivaliwe okanye isikhuphukeli ngokwaso sonakaliswe, Nangona kunjalo, akukho manzi aphuma kumbhobho anokuba sisiphumo esiqhelekileyo sokunyuka kwesandla esomileyo okanye iinkqubo ezimanzi ezixhomekeke kwi-FDC kunikezelo lwamanzi kwaye azidityaniswanga. Ivalve yesikhuphukeli isenokuba ayizange isetyenziswe kwisakhiwo iminyaka emininzi, okanye inokuba yonakele ngenxa yenjongo yolwaphulo-mthetho okanye umonakalo owenziwa ngabahlali abanomdla kwisakhiwo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Ukususela kufakelo lokuqala okanye ukusetyenziswa kokugqibela ukuya kumhla ofuna ukuba isebenze, zininzi izinto ezinokwenzeka. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela, susa isigqubuthelo kwaye ufake i-valve yesango lomlilo (isithombe 1) ngaphambi kokuvula i-valve yokwakha. Uhamba nayo le valve, uyazi ukuba inokusebenza, kwaye ulufumene uqeqesho lwayo phambi kwaloo mini. Emva kokufaka ivalve yesebe lomlilo, vula ivalve yokwakha kube kanye ukugungxula inkqubo, kwaye uyigcine ivulekile. Ukuvula ivalve yokwakha kunokufuna umsebenzi; kulindeleke ukuba kube nzima ukuyivula. Yenza nantoni na ekufuneka uyenzile ukuyivula-yibethe, uyikrole, okanye usebenzise isitshixo sombhobho. Nje ukuba ivuliwe kwaye uyigungxule inkqubo, gcina ivalve yokwakha ivuliwe kwaye usebenzise ivalve yesango yesebe lomlilo ukuvala ukuhamba kwamanzi. Umsebenzisi unokuqhubeka nokunciphisa umbhobho kwaye wongeze i-elbows, iimitha ezifakwe ngaphakathi, i-hoses, njl., Ukuze umbhobho ulungele ukusetyenziswa (ifoto 2-3). Ivalve yesango yesebe lomlilo iya kuvumela abacimi bomlilo be-stairwell riser ukubeka uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo xa umbhobho uhamba kwi-stairwell phambi kokucinywa komlilo; kwiimeko ezingaziwa, ukusebenzisa i-valve yesango ukuvala ukuhamba kwamanzi ngokuqhelekileyo kulula kakhulu kunokusebenzisa i-valve yokwakha. Emva kokuba umlilo ucinywe kwaye umsebenzi uphelile, abasebenzi banokujongana nokuvala iivalvu zokwakha ukubuyisela iinkonzo zabo zezixhobo. Imfuneko yokugungxulwa kobutyobo kwisistim yesikhuphukeli kulula ukuyiqonda. Iidiphozithi zamanzi anzima, isikali, iithoyi, inkunkuma, kunye naliphi na inani lezinto ezinokungena kwi-standpipe system. Phula amanzi aneleyo ukugungxula ezi zinto ngaphandle kwesistim kwaye uye eqongeni. Kulula ukugungxula izinto zangaphandle ngevalve ye-2½-intshi ye-intshi kunokusebenzisa i-11⁄8-intshi ye-intshi yombhobho. Ukugungxula kunye nokomisa inkqubo akuyi kukhupha inkunkuma kuphela, kodwa kwakhona kukhupha umoya oqokelelwe kwinkqubo yokulungiselela inkqubo yokulwa nomlilo. Ukuthatha ixeshana ngoku ukukhupha izinto ezinokuvala imilomo kunokuvuzwa ngeendlela ezininzi kwimisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo. Ekugqibeleni, abasebenzi abazange bafune ukulibala ukuhlanjululwa, kuba kwabanika ixesha lokunqoba ingxaki. Abacimi bomlilo kwi-stairwell kufuneka bakhuphe inani elikhulu lamanzi ukusuka kwindawo yokunyuka ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa abanye abasebenzi bandisa umbhobho kwaye balungiselela imisebenzi yokucima umlilo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isakhiwo sine-valve eyomileyo ye-manual kunye nabasebenzi be-injini ngaphandle baxela ukuba badibaniswe nesakhiwo kunye nokubonelela ngamanzi, kodwa umcimi womlilo uvula i-valve ye-stairwell kodwa akukho nto iphumayo. Yintoni ingxaki? Ngaba inkqubo yonakele, ngaba ivalve yegumbi lempompo ivaliwe, okanye i-injini iqhagamshelwe kumdibaniso ongalunganga wesikhuphukeli? Ukukhawuleza umlawuli wesiganeko efunda ingxaki, kulula ukuyilungisa ngaphandle kokunyusa kakhulu ixesha lokuphendula (ixesha ukusuka ekuthumeni ukuya ekucinyweni komlilo). Iifoto ze-4 kunye ne-5 zibonisa abacimi bomlilo abafunyenwe kwisakhiwo esihlala e-Oklahoma City, e-Oklahoma. Ummandla wawucetywe kwangaphambili kwaye uxhulumaniso lokunyuka kwaxoxwa namalungu amatsha. Omnye umzekelo wokumisa abacimi bomlilo yinkqubo ye-manual emanzi edibeneyo kwimigangatho ephantsi, kunye nemigangatho emininzi ngaphezu kwendawo yomlilo. Inkqubo emanzi izaliswe ngamanzi kodwa ayidityaniswanga nenkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi ngoxinzelelo. Ekudibaneni komgangatho wesihlanu wesakhiwo esinemigangatho eyi-10 ukuya kweyi-15, kukho inkqubo yokunyuka kwamanzi ezaliswe ngamanzi kangangeemitha ezili-120 ukuya kwezili-150 ngaphezu kwesiphambuka. Oku kuya kudala uxinzelelo lwentloko lwe-60 ukuya kwi-70 yeepounds nge-intshi nganye yesikwere (psi) ukusuka emanzini angaphezulu kwevalve kumbhobho. Khumbula ukuba unyawo ngalunye lokunyuka kwisinyusi luya kusebenzisa i-0.434 psi yoxinzelelo. Kulo mzekelo ungentla, iinyawo ze-120 × 0.434 = 52 psi, kunye ne-150 inyawo × 0.434 = 65 psi. Ukuba uvumela kuphela ukuba i-valve ihambe ngomzuzwana omnye, inkqubo ibonakala inoxinzelelo olwaneleyo kunye nomthamo wamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwenene, umbhobho ukhupha amanzi kuphela kumbhobho ongaphezulu kwayo, kuba i-standpipe yenzelwe ukuba isebe lomlilo libonelele ngamanzi ekulweni nomlilo kwangempela. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukugungxula amanzi aneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbhobho ukhutshiwe nje okanye unikezelwe kumthombo wamanzi. Imeko efanayo kulolu hlobo lwenkqubo kukuba ngamanye amaxesha ipompo encinci elawulwayo inika amanzi kwinkqubo. Xa uvula i-valve kwaye kuphuma amanzi amancinci kuphela, ipompo ye-booster iya kuqala kwaye izame ngokukhawuleza ukuzalisa inkqubo. Ukuba abasebenzi abanamanzi aneleyo, umqhubi uya kucinga ngempazamo ukuba kukho umthombo wamanzi. Abasebenzi abakhawulezayo ukufunda malunga neempendulo zale mibuzo, ngokukhawuleza abanokujongana nayo kwaye bayoyise. Ukuba uthatha ixesha lokuzilungiselela, umsebenzi wokunyuka unokuba ngocwangcisiweyo kwaye ungabinaxinzelelo. Ziqhelise ezi zinto zincinci, xuba uqeqesho ngokungenamkhethe, kwaye uzame ukusombulula iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-standpipe. Khumbula, xa sisenza izinto ezincinci ngokufanelekileyo, zongeza kwimpumelelo enkulu, enokwenza ukuba umsebenzi wokucima umlilo uhambe kakuhle. U-JOSH PEARCY waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokucima umlilo kwi-2001 njengo-lieutenant kwiSebe lezoMlilo leSixeko sase-Oklahoma (OK) kwaye wabelwa kwisikhululo esikhethekileyo sokuhlangula. Uyi-paramedic yesizwe ebhalisiweyo kunye nokucima umlilo, i-EMS, i-diving kunye nomqeqeshi wokuhlangula wezobugcisa. Ungumfundisi we-FDIC International kunye nomphathi weqela lokukhangela kunye nokuhlangula / ingcali yokuhlangula i-helicopter kwiqela le-OK-TF1 lokukhangela kunye neqela lokuhlangula.