Ulwakhiwo lwesivalo sombhobho alunakwenza izenzo ezili-14 zokulungiswa kombhobho wesikhululo sogutyulo?

Ulwakhiwo lwesivalo sombhobho alunakwenza izenzo ezili-14 zokulungiswa kombhobho wesikhululo sogutyulo?

I-Taboo 1: Xa udibanisa umbhobho, isiphelo esingalunganga sombhobho emva kokuba isibini singekho kwi-Central Line efanayo, akukho sikhewu kwisibini, umbhobho ongqindilili wodonga awuhlakulwa, kwaye ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld . ukungafezekisi iimfuno zekhowudi yokwakha. Umphumo: Isiphelo esingalunganga sombhobho alikho kumgca ophakathi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-welding kunye nomgangatho obonakalayo. Akukho msantsa phakathi kwamacala amabini, umbhobho ongqindilili wodonga awuhlatywanga, ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld akuhambelani neemfuno zeemfuno zamandla welding. Imilinganiselo: Emva kokuwelda iperi umbhobho, umbhobho akanakuba engalunganga, ukuya Line Central, isibini kufuneka sishiywe umsantsa, umbhobho eludongeni engqindilili ukuya ngomhlakulo groove, ukongeza, ububanzi kunye nokuphakama weld kufuneka ngokutsho
Hayi-hayi 1:
Xa ukuwelda umbhobho, isiphelo esingalunganga sombhobho emva kokuba isibini singekho kwi-Central Line efanayo, akukho sikhewu kwisibini, umbhobho wodonga olungqingqwa awuhlatywa, kwaye ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld akuhlangani iimfuno zekhowudi yokwakha.
Iziphumo:
Isiphelo esingalunganga sombhobho alikho kumgca weziko elifanayo lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-welding kunye nomgangatho obonakalayo. Akukho msantsa phakathi kwamacala amabini, umbhobho ongqindilili wodonga awuhlatywanga, ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld akuhambelani neemfuno zeemfuno zamandla welding.
Amanyathelo:
Emva kwe-welding isibini sombhobho, umbhobho akufanele ube yiphutha, kwaye kufuneka ube kwi-Central Line. Umsantsa kufuneka ushiywe kwisibini, kwaye umbhobho ongqindilili wodonga kufuneka uhlatywe. Ukongeza, ububanzi kunye nobude be-weld seam kufuneka bufakwe ngokweenkcukacha.
Hayi-hayi 2:
Kwizinto eziphambili, izixhobo kunye neemveliso ezisetyenziselwa ulwakhiwo, kukho ukungabikho kwamaxwebhu omgangatho wobugcisa okanye iziqinisekiso zesiqinisekiso semveliso ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yangoku yelizwe okanye engabhengezwanga.
Iziphumo:
Umgangatho weprojekthi awufanelekanga, kukho iingozi ezifihliweyo, azikwazi ukuhanjiswa kwishedyuli, kufuneka zibuyiselwe kwi-factory repair; Zibangele ukulibaziseka kweprojekthi, ukwanda kwabasebenzi kunye negalelo lezinto eziphathekayo.
Amanyathelo:
Izinto eziphambili, izixhobo kunye neemveliso ezisetyenziselwa unikezelo lwamanzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye neeprojekthi zokufudumeza kunye nococeko kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho ekhoyo ekhutshwe ngurhulumente okanye i-service of the technical quality appraisal documents or certification product; Igama lemveliso, imodeli, inkcazo, ikhowudi yomgangatho wesizwe, umhla wokuhanjiswa, igama kunye nendawo yomenzi, isatifikethi sokuhlolwa okanye ikhowudi yokuhanjiswa iya kuboniswa.
Hayi-hayi 3:
Iinkqubo zokufakela i-valve, iimodeli azihlangabezani neemfuno zoyilo. Ngokomzekelo, uxinzelelo lwe-valve lungaphantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo; Xa ububanzi bombhobho wesebe lonikezelo lwamanzi bungaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-500mm, i-valve yesango isetyenzisiweyo, kwaye imibhobho eyomileyo kunye nethe nkqo yokufudumeza kwamanzi ashushu isetyenziswa njengeevalve ezinqamlekileyo. Umbhobho wokufunxa wempompo yomlilo usebenzisa ivalve yebhabhathane.
Iziphumo:
Ukuchaphazela i-valve eqhelekileyo yokuvula kunye nokuvala kunye nokulungelelanisa ukuxhathisa, uxinzelelo kunye neminye imisebenzi. Nokuba kubangele ukusebenza kwenkqubo, umonakalo wevalve ngenkani ukulungiswa.
Amanyathelo:
Uqhelene nobubanzi besicelo sazo zonke iintlobo zeevalvu, khetha iinkcazo zevalve kunye neemodeli ngokweemfuno zoyilo. Uxinzelelo oluncinci lwevalvu luya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zoxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo. Ngokweemfuno zekhowudi yokwakha: umbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi ububanzi obungaphantsi okanye obulingana ne-50mm kufuneka kusetyenziswe ivalve yokusika; Iivalvu zesango kufuneka zisetyenziswe xa ububanzi bombhobho bungaphezulu kwe-50mm. Isifudumezi samanzi ashushu somile, ivelufa yokulawula ethe nkqo kufuneka isebenzise ivalve yesango, umbhobho wokufunxa impompo yomlilo akufanele usebenzise ivalve yebhabhathane.
Taboo 4:
I-flange kunye ne-gasket yokudibanisa kombhobho ayinamandla ngokwaneleyo, kwaye i-bolt yokudibanisa ifutshane okanye incinci ububanzi. Iipads zerabha zisetyenziselwa imibhobho yokufudumala, iipads ze-asbestos zisetyenziselwa imibhobho yamanzi abandayo, kunye neepads eziphindwe kabini okanye i-bevel pads zisetyenziselwa i-flange pads ephuma kumbhobho.
Iziphumo:
I-Flange joint ayiqinanga, kwaye yonakaliswe, into yokuvuza. I-flange liner iphumela kumbhobho, eya kwandisa ukuchasana nokuhamba.
Amanyathelo:
Iiflange zemibhobho kunye neegaskets kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zoyilo lwemibhobho yoxinzelelo lokusebenza. I-flange liner yombhobho wokufudumeza kunye nokunikezelwa kwamanzi ashushu kufuneka ibe yirabha ye-asbestos pad; I-flange gasket yonikezelo lwamanzi kunye nombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi kufuneka ibe yi-rubber gasket. I-gasket ye-flange ayiyi kuqhuma kwi-tube, kwaye ijikelezo layo langaphandle kwi-bolt ye-flange ifanelekile. I-bevel pad okanye iigaskets ezininzi aziyi kufakwa phakathi kweflange. Ububanzi bebholiti edibanisa i-flange kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-2mm kune-flange aperture. Ubude bentonga yebholiti ephumayo kufuneka ibe bubunzima be nut. .
Hayi-hayi 5:
Umbhobho ungcwatywe ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba oqingqiweyo kunye nomhlaba okhululekileyo ngaphandle konyango, kwaye isithuba kunye nesikhundla semibhobho yombhobho ayifanelekanga, kwanakwimo yesitena sekhowudi eyomileyo.
Iziphumo:
Ngenxa yenkxaso engazinzanga, umbhobho wonakaliswe kwinkqubo yokugxothwa komhlaba, okubangele ukulungiswa kwakhona.
Amanyathelo:
Umbhobho AWUZI kungcwatywa kumhlaba onomkhenkce nakumhlaba ongacocwanga, izithuba phakathi kweepiers ziya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zekhowudi yokwakha, kwaye umqamelo wenkxaso uya kuqina, ngakumbi kumda wombhobho, ongayi kuthwala amandla okucheba. Izitena zokubeka izitena kufuneka zakhiwe ngodaka lwesamente ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina.
Hayi-no 6:
Kulwakhiwo lwasebusika, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic lwenziwa phantsi kobushushu obungalunganga.
Iziphumo:
Umbhobho waqina ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic.
Amanyathelo:
Zama ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic ngaphambi kwesicelo sasebusika, kwaye uvuthele amanzi acoceke emva kovavanyo loxinzelelo, ngakumbi amanzi kwi-valve kufuneka abe ngu-**** net, ngaphandle koko i-valve iya kukhenkcela ukuqhekeka. Iprojekthi kufuneka iqhutywe kuvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic ebusika, ukugcina ubushushu bangaphakathi bulungile, emva kovavanyo loxinzelelo lokuvuthela amanzi. Xa uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic lungenakwenziwa, uvavanyo lunokuqhutywa ngomoya ocinezelweyo.
Hayi-no 7:
Iibholiti zokwandisa ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela izixhaso zombhobho ziyizinto ezingaphantsi, indawo yokuvula iibholithi zokwandisa inkulu kakhulu, okanye iibholiti zokwandisa zifakwe kwiindonga zezitena okanye kwiindonga zokukhanya.
Iziphumo:
Inkxaso yombhobho ikhululekile, ukuguqulwa kombhobho, okanye ukuwa.
Amanyathelo:
Ibholithi yokwandisa kufuneka ikhethwe njengemveliso efanelekileyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka ithathelwe iisampulu ukuze ihlolwe kwaye ihlolwe. I-aperture ye-bolt yokwandisa akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-2mm ye-diameter yangaphandle ye-bolt yokwandisa.
Taboo 8:
I-Butterfly valve flange eneflange eqhelekileyo.
Iziphumo:
Butterfly ivalve flange kunye nobungakanani eqhelekileyo flange yahlukile, ezinye ububanzi flange lincinci, kunye idiskhi butterfly valve inkulu, kubangele ayikwazi kuvulwa okanye nzima ukuvula umonakalo ivelufa.
Amanyathelo:
Iflange kufuneka icutshungulwe ngokobungakanani bokwenene beflange yevalve yebhabhathane.
Hayi-no 9:
Musa ukwenza ukuhlolwa komgangatho oyimfuneko ngokwemigaqo ngaphambi kokufakwa kwevalve.
Iziphumo:
I-valve switch ayiguquki ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo, kwaye isenzeko sokuvuza kwamanzi (i-steam) ayivalwanga ngokungqongqo, okubangele ukulungiswa kwakhona kunye nokuchaphazela unikezelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo (umphunga).
Amanyathelo:
Ngaphambi kokufaka i-valve, amandla oxinzelelo kunye novavanyo lokuqina kufuneka lwenziwe. Kuvavanyo, i-10% yobuninzi bebhetshi nganye (i-brand efanayo, inkcazo efanayo, imodeli efanayo) iya kuhlolwa ngokungenamkhethe, kwaye ingabi ngaphantsi kwesinye. Iivalve zesiphaluka ezivaliweyo ezifakwe kumbhobho oyintloko kunye nokunqunyulwa kufuneka zivavanywe amandla kunye nokuqina komnye nomnye. Amandla e-VALVE kunye noxinzelelo lovavanyo lokuqina luya kuhambelana "neKhowudi yoKwamkeleka koMgangatho woKwakha ukuNikezelwa kwaManzi oKwakha, i-drainage kunye ne-Heating Engineering" (GB 50242-2002).
Hayi-no 10:
Akukho zimbobo ezigciniweyo kunye neengxenye ezifakwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokwakha, okanye ubungakanani beemingxuma ezigciniweyo zincinci kwaye iindawo ezidibeneyo aziphawulwanga.
Iziphumo:
Kwinkqubo yokufudumeza kunye nokwakhiwa kococeko, isakhiwo sokwakha sithathwa kwaye sitshizwe, kwaye nokuba intsimbi eqinisiweyo iyanqunyulwa, echaphazela ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwesakhiwo.
Amanyathelo:
Ziqhelanise nemizobo yokwakha yobunjineli bokufudumeza kunye nococeko, sebenzisana ngenkuthalo kunye nemingxuma egciniweyo kunye neendawo ezifakwe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokwakha ngokweemfuno zofakelo lwemibhobho kunye nokuxhoma inkxaso, kwaye ubhekisele kwiimfuno zoyilo kunye neenkcukacha zokwakha iinkcukacha.
Taboo 11:
Ugutyulo, amanzi emvula, umbhobho wecondensate alwenzi uvavanyo lwamanzi oluvaliweyo luya kufihla.
Iziphumo:
Inokubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi, kwaye ibangele ilahleko yabasebenzisi.
Amanyathelo:
Uvavanyo lwamanzi oluvaliweyo lufanele luhlolwe kwaye lwamkelwe ngokuhambelana ngqongqo kunye neenkcukacha. Ingcwatyelwe phantsi komhlaba, ngaphakathi kwesilingi, phakathi kwemibhobho kunye nolunye ugutyulo olumnyama, amanzi emvula, umbhobho wecondensate ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza.
Taboo 12:
Indlela yokufaka ivalve ayichanekanga. Umzekelo, ivalve yeglowubhu okanye ivalve yokukhangela amanzi (umphunga) indlela yokuhamba ichasene nophawu, isiqu sevalve sifakwe ezantsi, ufakelo oluthe tyaba lwevalve yokukhangela lufakwe ngokuthe nkqo, ivalve yesango okanye isibambo sebhabhathane asivulwanga. , indawo evaliweyo, i-valve stem ayijonganga kumnyango wokuhlola.
Iziphumo:
Ukungaphumeleli kwevalvu, ukutshintshwa kobunzima bokulondolozwa, isikhondo sevalvu ezantsi kudla ngokubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi.
Amanyathelo:
Faka OKUQHELEKILEYO ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yofakelo lwevalvu, ubude obuvulekileyo besiqu sevalve yokwandiswa kwentonga evulekileyo yesango lokuhamba kwevalve, ivalve yebhabhathane ithathele ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo isithuba sokujikeleza somqheba, zonke iintlobo zesikhondo sevalve azinakuba ngaphantsi kunendawo ethe tye, singasathethi ke. ezantsi. Ivalve efihliweyo kungekhona nje ukuseta ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuvula ivalve kunye nokuvala umnyango wokuhlola, ngexesha elifanayo i-valve stem kufuneka iqondiswe kumnyango wokuhlola.
Taboo 13:
Xa uvavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye novavanyo lokuqina kwenkqubo yombhobho, jonga utshintsho lwexabiso loxinzelelo kunye nenqanaba lamanzi, kwaye ujonge ukuvuza akwanelanga.
Iziphumo:
Ukuvuza kwenzeka emva kokusebenza kwenkqubo yombhobho, echaphazela ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo.
Amanyathelo:
Uvavanyo lwamanzi oluvaliweyo lufanele luhlolwe kwaye lwamkelwe ngokuhambelana ngqongqo kunye neenkcukacha. Ingcwatyelwe phantsi komhlaba, ngaphakathi kwesilingi, phakathi kwemibhobho kunye nolunye ugutyulo olumnyama, amanzi emvula, umbhobho wecondensate ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza.
Taboo 14:
Phambi kokuba kugqitywe inkqubo yokugungxulwa kwemibhobho ayikho mandundu, izinga lokuqukuqela kunye nesantya azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokugungxulwa kwemibhobho. Nokuba amandla oxinzelelo lwamanzi avavanya umsele endaweni yokugungxulwa.
Iziphumo:
Umgangatho wamanzi awuhlangabezani neemfuno zokusebenza kwenkqubo yemibhobho, kaninzi kubangele ukucutha kwecandelo lemibhobho okanye ukuvaleka.
Amanyathelo:
Pula ngesantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwejusi kwisixokelelwano okanye isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esingekho ngaphantsi kwe-3m/s. Umbala wamanzi kunye nokungafihli kokuphuma kufuneka kuhambelane nombala wamanzi kunye nokungafihlisi kwamanzi okungena njengoko kufanelekile ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo.
Isivalo sombhobho wesikhululo samanzi amdaka sigcinwa njani?
Umbuzo: Isivalo sombhobho wesikhululo samanzi amdaka sigcinwa njani?
IMPENDULO: Isikhululo sogutyulo bekukho zonke iintlobo zemibhobho, imibhobho yomoya, imibhobho yogutyulo, nayo inodaka, enye ibekwe phantsi, enye ibekwe phantsi komhlaba, kwinkqubo yokusebenza kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba ukuhamba kwemibhobho, ngakumbi ebusika. , jonga rhoqo imibhobho yangaphandle, ixesha lokuvala umoya wamanzi adibeneyo kumbhobho, akukho msebenzi wombhobho wogutyulo kunye nemibhobho yamanzi e-sludge yokukhupha umbhobho. Musa ukuwuvala umbhobho wamanzi aphilayo, umbhobho wamanzi ofileyo ungenanto, umbhobho womoya amanzi rhoqo.
Inkqubo yokucoca umbhobho wamanzi amdaka, umbhobho we-sludge, emva kokufakwa, ukwenza unyango lokufakelwa kwe-thermal, ngokukodwa i-valve ukugxila kwi-thermal insulation, ukuze ingabi ngumkhenkce ebusika.