Umgaqo wevalve yokutywina evala ezo zinto! I-valve yokupakisha idlala kunye nendlela yokujonga ukomelela komsonto

Umgaqo wevalve yokutywina evala ezo zinto! I-valve yokupakisha idlala kunye nomsonto amandla okukhangela indlela yokujonga iimfuno zeValve itywina, ukuthintela ukuvuza kweAngle. Ngokwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye needigri zokuvuza, ukuvuza kwevalve kuyahluka, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukubeka phambili amanyathelo okuthintela ukuvuza. Ukutywinwa kukuthintela ukuvuza, ngoko umthetho-siseko wokutywinwa kwevalvu ukwakukuthintela uphando lokuvuza. Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezibangela ukuvuza, enye yeyona nto iphambili echaphazela ukusebenza kokutywinwa, oko kukuthi, kukho umsantsa phakathi kwesibini sokutywina, enye kukho umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwamacala amabini esibini sokutywina. Umgaqo wokutywinwa kwevalve ukwavela kulwelo lokutywinwa, ukutywinwa kwerhasi, umgaqo wokutywina umjelo ovuzayo kunye nesibini sokutywina sevalve kunye neminye imiba emine yokuhlalutya iimfuno zokusebenza kweValve yetywina, ukunqanda ukuvuza kweAngile. Ngokwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye needigri zokuvuza, ukuvuza kwevalve kuyahluka, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukubeka phambili amanyathelo okuthintela ukuvuza. Umgaqo wokuxinana kwevalvu Ukutywinwa kukuthintela ukuvuza, ngoko umthetho-siseko wokutywinwa kwevalve ukwakukuthintela uphando lokuvuza. Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezibangela ukuvuza, enye yeyona nto iphambili echaphazela ukusebenza kokutywinwa, oko kukuthi, kukho umsantsa phakathi kwesibini sokutywina, enye kukho umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwamacala amabini esibini sokutywina. Umthetho-siseko wokutywinwa kwevalve ukwaphuma kulwelo lokutywinwa, ukutywinwa kwerhasi, umgaqo ovuzayo wokutywina umjelo kunye nokutywinwa kwevalve kunye neminye imiba emine ekufuneka ihlalutywe. Ukuqina kolwelo Ukuqina kolwelo kumiselwa yiviscosity yalo kunye nokuqina komphezulu. Xa i-valve evuzayo i-capillary izaliswe yigesi, ukuxinezeleka kwendawo kunokugxotha okanye kutsale ulwelo kwi-capillary. Kwaye oko kwenza i-engile ye-tangent. Xa i-Angle ye-tangent ingaphantsi kwe-90 °, i-liquid ifakwe kwi-tube ye-capillary, kwaye ukuvuza kwenzeka. Isizathu sokuvuza silele kwiipropati ezahlukeneyo ze-medium. Zama ngemidiya eyahlukeneyo, phantsi kwemeko efanayo, uya kufumana iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Ungasebenzisa amanzi, umoya, i-kerosene, njl. Xa i-angle ye-tangent inkulu kune-90 °, ukuvuza kuya kwenzeka. Ngenxa yobudlelwane kunye neoli okanye ifilimu ye-wax kwindawo yesinyithi. Nje ukuba ezi filim zangaphezulu zinyibilikisiwe, iimpawu zomphezulu wesinyithi ziyatshintsha, kunye nolwelo, obelugxothiwe ngaphambili, luya kumanzisa umphezulu kwaye luvuze. Ngokubhekiselele kule meko ingentla, ngokwefomula yePoisson, injongo yokuthintela ukuvuza okanye ukunciphisa ukuvuza kunokufezekiswa phantsi kwemeko yokunciphisa ububanzi be-capillary kunye ne-viscosity ephakathi. Ukuqina kwegesi Ngokwefomula yePoisson, ukuqina kwegesi kuhambelana neemolekyuli zegesi kunye ne-viscosity yegesi. Ukuvuza kuhambelana ngokungafaniyo nobude be-capillary kunye ne-viscosity yegesi, kunye nokulingana nobubanzi be-capillary kunye namandla okuqhuba. Xa i-diameter ye-capillary kunye ne-avareji ye-degrees yenkululeko yee-molecule zegesi zifana, ii-molecule zegesi ziya kuhamba kwi-capillary kunye ne-free motion motion. Ngoko ke, xa sisenza uvavanyo lokutywinwa kwevalve, i-medium kufuneka ibe ngamanzi ukuze idlale indima yokutywinwa, kunye nomoya okanye igesi ayinakudlala indima yokutywinwa. Nangona sinciphisa i-capillary diameter ngaphantsi kwe-molecule yegesi nge-deformation yeplastiki, ukuhamba kwegesi akukwazi ukumiswa. Isizathu sesokuba irhasi isenako ukusasazeka ngeendonga zentsimbi. Ke xa sisenza uvavanyo lwerhasi, kufuneka sibe ngqongqo ngakumbi kunovavanyo lolwelo. Umgaqo wokutywina wetshaneli yokuvuza Ivalve yokutywina yenziwe ngamalungu amabini, uburhabaxa, obuqulunqwe buburhabaxa bokungalingani okusasazeka kumphezulu we-waveform kunye nokuzamazama komgama phakathi kweencopho. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokuba amandla e-elastiki ezinto ezininzi zetsimbi aphantsi kwilizwe lethu, kufuneka sinyuse iimfuno eziphezulu zamandla oxinzelelo lwezixhobo zetsimbi, oko kukuthi, amandla oxinzelelo lwezinto kufuneka agqithise ukuqina kwawo, ukuba sifuna ukufikelela imo yokutywina. Ngoko ke, ekuyilweni kwevalve, isibini sokutywina kudityaniswe nokwahlukana kobunzima obuthile ukuhambelana, phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo, kuya kuvelisa iqondo elithile le-plastic deformation deformation. Ukuba umphezulu wokutywina uyinto yentsimbi, ke indawo engalinganiyo ye-convex yomphezulu iya kubonakala kwangoko, ekuqaleni kwesidingo sokusebenzisa umthwalo omncinci unokwenza ezi zinto zingalinganiyo zeplastiki ye-convex. Xa umphezulu woqhagamshelwano unyuka, ukungalingani komphezulu kuya kuba yiplastiki - i-elastic deformation. Emva koko uburhabaxa bemiphezulu mibini kwindawo yeconcave buya kubakho. Ezi ndlela eziseleyo zingenziwa ukuba zilungele xa umthwalo obangela ukuguqulwa kweplastiki enzima yezinto ezingaphantsi kusetyenziswe kwaye iindawo ezimbini zidibene ngokusondeleyo, kunye nomgca oqhubekayo kunye nolwalathiso lwendandatho. Iperi yevalve yokutywina Iperi yevalve yokutywina yinxalenye yesitulo sevalve kunye nokuvalwa okuvalayo xa zidibene. Umphezulu wokutywina wesinyithi ulungele ukonakala ukusuka kwi-clamping media, i-corrosion media, i-particle yokugqoka, i-cavitation kunye nokuguguleka ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Njengokunxiba amasuntswana. Ukuba iinqununu zokugqoka zincinci kunobunzima bomhlaba, ukuchaneka kwendawo kuya kuphuculwa xa indawo yokutywinwa iqhutywe, kwaye ayiyi kudlula. Ngokuchasene noko, kuya kwenza ukuchaneka komphezulu kube ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, ekukhethweni kweengqungquthela zokugqoka, izinto eziphathekayo, imeko yokusebenza, i-lubricity kunye ne-corrosion yendawo yokutywina kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokubanzi. Njengamaqhekeza okugqoka, xa sikhetha izitywina, kufuneka siqwalasele ngokubanzi izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwazo ukuze zidlale umsebenzi wokuthintela ukuvuza. Ngoko ke, izinto ezixhathisa ukubola, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokukhukuliseka kufuneka kukhethwe. Ngaphandle koko, ukungabikho kwayo nayiphi na enye yeemfuno kuya kwenza ukutywinwa kwayo kuncitshiswe. Imiba ephambili echaphazela ukutywinwa kwevalve Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela isitywina sevalve, ikakhulu ezi zilandelayo: Ukwakhiwa kwezibini zesitywina Ngaphantsi kotshintsho lobushushu okanye amandla okutywina, ubume besibini sokutywina siya kutshintsha. Kwaye olu tshintsho luya kuchaphazela kwaye lutshintshe isibini sokutywina phakathi kwamandla, ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza kwesitywina sevalve kuncitshiswe. Ke ngoko, xa sikhetha amatywina, kufuneka sikhethe amatywina ane-elastic deformation. Ngexesha elifanayo, nikela ingqalelo kububanzi bendawo yokutywina. Isizathu kukuba umphezulu woqhagamshelwano wesibini sokutywinwa awuhambelani ngokupheleleyo. Xa ububanzi bomphezulu wokutywina bunyuka, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa amandla afunekayo ukutywinwa. Uxinzelelo oluthile lokutywinwa kwendawo Uxinzelelo oluthile lwendawo yokutywina luchaphazela ukusebenza kokutywinwa kunye nobomi benkonzo yevalve. Ke ngoko, uxinzelelo lomphezulu wokutywina luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, uxinzelelo oluninzi kakhulu luya kubangela umonakalo wevalvu, kodwa uxinzelelo oluncinci kakhulu luya kubangela ukuvuza kwevalvu. Ngoko ke, kufuneka siqwalasele ngokupheleleyo uxinzelelo oluthile kuyilo olufanelekileyo. Iipropati ezibonakalayo ze-medium Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-medium nazo zichaphazela ukusebenza kwevalve yesitywina. Ezi mpawu zomzimba ziquka ubushushu, i-viscosity, kunye ne-surface hydrophilicity. Ukutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa akuchaphazeli nje ukukhululeka kwesibini sokutywinwa kunye nobukhulu bamacandelo, kodwa kunobudlelwane obungenakulinganiswa kunye ne-viscosity yegesi. I-viscosity yegesi iyanda okanye iyancipha ngokunyuka okanye ukuhla kweqondo lokushisa. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukunciphisa impembelelo yeqondo lokushisa ekusebenzeni kokutywinwa kwevalve, kufuneka siyile isibini sokutywina kwisihlalo esiguquguqukayo kunye nezinye iivalve ezinembuyekezo yobushushu. I-Viscosity inxulumene nokungena kwamanzi. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, i-viscosity enkulu, i-fluid encinci ingena. I-surface hydrophilicity ithetha ukuba xa kukho ifilimu ebhityileyo kwindawo yesinyithi, ifilimu kufuneka isuswe. Ngenxa yale filimu incinci yeoli, iya kutshabalalisa i-hydrophilicity yomphezulu, ekhokelela ekuvalelekeni kwemijelo yolwelo. Umgangatho wesibini sokutywina Umgangatho wokutywina ubukhulu becala ubhekisa ekukhethweni kwezinto, ukuthelekisa, ukuchaneka kokuveliswa kwetshekhi. Ngokomzekelo, i-disc ihambelana kakuhle nobuso bokutywinwa kwesihlalo ukuphucula ukuqina. Uphawu lwe-ring corrugations ngakumbi kukuba ukusebenza kwayo kwe-labyrinth yokutywinwa kulungile. Ukuvuza kweValve kuqhelekile ebomini nakwimveliso, ukukhanya kunokubangela inkunkuma, okanye kuzise ingozi ebomini, njengokuvuza kwevalvu yempompo yamanzi, okanye kubangele iziphumo ezibi, ezifana neshishini lemichiza yetyhefu kunye neyingozi, enokutsha, eqhumayo kunye nokuvuza okuphakathi. ubume, isoyikiso esimandla kukhuseleko lomntu kunye nokhuseleko lwepropathi, kunye neengozi zongcoliseko lwendalo. Ivalve exhomekeke kwidrayivu yokujikeleza yangaphandle ukuvula nokuvala iyilwe ngesixhobo sokutywina esisetyenziswa kwikholvethi yokupakisha enenani elithile lamakhonkco okupakisha, ukuze kuphunyezwe umphumo wokutywina, kodwa yintoni imeko yokutywinwa? Ukuvuza kokupakisha kwevalve yenye yezona ndawo zisengozini kwimpazamo yokuvuza kwevalve, kodwa kukho izizathu ezibini. Uhlobo lwevalve yokutywina Izitywina nazo zingamacandelo abalulekileyo kwiivalvu. Ukusebenza kokutywinwa kwevalve kubhekiselele ekukwazini kweendawo zokutywina zevalve ukuthintela ukuvuza kweendaba, yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yesalathiso sobugcisa bevalve. Kukho iindawo ezintathu zokutywina zevalve: Uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwendawo yokuvula kunye nokuvala kunye nokutywinwa kwendawo yokuhlala; Ukulingana kokupakisha kunye ne-valve stem kunye nebhokisi yokuhlohla; Ilungu lomzimba kunye nebhonethi. UKUVUZA KWAKUDALA KUBIZWA YI-ENDoleaker, eQHELEKILEYO EYAZIWA NJENGEKUVAMILEYO, KWAYE IYA KUCHAPHAZA UBUKHONKO BEVALVVU UKUSUKA UMXHOLO. Kwiklasi yevalve esikiweyo, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi akuvumelekanga. Ukuvuza okubini kokugqibela kubizwa ngokuba kukuvuza, oko kukuthi, ukuvuza okuphakathi ukusuka kwivalve ukuya kwivalvu. Ukuvuza kuya kubangela ilahleko yezinto eziphathekayo, ukungcoliswa kwendalo, kunye neengozi ezimandundu. Kwimidiya enokutsha, eqhumayo, enetyhefu okanye ene-radioactive, ukuvuza akuvumelekanga, ngoko ke ivalve kufuneka ibe nomsebenzi othembekileyo wokutywina. Indlela yokusombulula ingxaki yokutywinwa ayikhathali, i-valve ibaleka, umngcipheko, ukuhla, ukuvuza, ininzi yesebe lenzeka apha. Ngezantsi siza kuqwalasela ukutywinwa okuguquguqukayo kwevalve, ingxaki yokutywinwa okumileyo. Itywina eliguquguqukayo Ivalve yesitywina esiguqukayo, isikhondo sevalve yomnwe engundoqo. Musa ukuvumela isivalo esiphakathi kunye nentshukumo yesikhondo kunye nokuvuza, sisihloko esisembindini setywina esiguquguqukayo. Ifomu yebhokisi yokupakisha: isitywina esiguquguqukayo sevalve, ikakhulu ibhokisi yokupakisha. Uhlobo olusisiseko lwebhokisi yokuhlohla yile: 1, uhlobo lwedlala: oku kukwimo ezininzi. Ifom edibeneyo inokwahlula iinkcukacha ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, ngokubhekiselele kwi-bolts ye-compression bolts, i-T-bolts eyahlukanayo (kwi-valve ephantsi yoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo ≤16 kg / cm2), iibholiti ezimbini zentloko kunye neebhotshi ezidibeneyo ezihambayo, njl njl. I-2, ukucinezela uhlobo lwe-nut: olu hlobo lwefom, ubungakanani bangaphandle buncinci, kodwa amandla okucinezela alinganiselwe, asetyenziswe kuphela kwiivalve ezincinci. Ukupakisha: kwibhokisi yokupakisha, ukupakisha kuqhagamshelana ngqo ne-valve stem kwaye izaliswe ngebhokisi yokupakisha ukukhusela ukuvuza kwendawo. Kukho ezi mfuno zilandelayo zokupakisha: Ukutywinwa kakuhle; Ukumelana nokubola; I-coefficient ye-friction encinci; Ukuthobela ubushushu obuphakathi kunye noxinzelelo.