Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeemaski kunye nezigqubuthelo. Kodwa ngaba zonke ziyafana ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwe-coronavirus ye-Covid-19? [+] Emfanekisweni, uAshley Haas (ekhohlo), uAshley Haas kunye noHeather Aboff bavela eSoHo, kwisiXeko saseNew York benxibe iimpahla zabo. (Ifoto nguGotham/GC)
Nangona ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, abantu banokuphela benxibe ebusweni babo ngaxeshanye. Zombini zinokuba neentlobo ezininzi kunye noyilo. Asingabo bonke abantu abadalwe belingana. Ezinye (iimaski, hayi ipizza) zingcono ekuthinteleni amathontsi anokuthi aphume empumlweni nasemlonyeni wakho kunamanye. Enyanisweni, ngokutsho kohlolisiso olusandul’ ukupapashwa kwiphephancwadi iScience Advances, kwezinye iimeko, ezinye iimaski ngokwenene ziyenza ibe mbi ngakumbi imeko, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amathontsi angakumbi akhutshelwe emoyeni.
Ewe, uyive kakuhle. Ukunxiba ezinye iimaski kunokuba kubi ngakumbi kunanto. Thatos akunjalo ngeengoma ezirekhodwe ngu-Alison Krauss, ngoko ke ingaba imaski ingaba mbi kangakanani kunokuba unganxibanga nto ngaphandle koncumo ebusweni? Xa ukhohlela, uthimla, uthetha, ucula, ukhefuzela, kwaye uthi “Oh Pizza”, akufanelanga ukuba imaski ivale yonke into ephuma emlonyeni nasempumlweni yakho? Ngaba imaski akufuneki incede ukumisa impumlo yakho emdaka kunye nomlomo ekusasazeni i-coronavirus ye-Covid-19 kwabanye?
Kule sifundo, iqela elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseDuke (u-Emma P. Fischer, uMartin C. Fischer, uDavid Grass, u-Isaac Henrion, uWarren S. Warren, no-Eric Westman) badala "ukutshiza emhlabeni" apho abanye abantu bathetha nebhokisi. . “umfanekiso. Uphononongo lusebenzise umqa welaser owoyikekayo ukwenza oku. I-laser beam yavelisa isiqwenga sokukhanya phambi komngxuma kwibhokisi emnyama. Ngoko ke, ngokwenene, uvavanyo alukho nje ibhokisi elimnyama.
Emva koko, iqela lophando lacela umntu ukuba abeke umlomo wakhe emngxunyeni kwaye aphinde ibinzana elithi "gcina impilo, abantu" kahlanu. Ke ngoko, nantoni na ephuma emlonyeni womntu, nokuba liqabaza elincinane okanye iqhekeza lenja eshushu, iya kuthi emva koko ibethe ishiti lokukhanya, libangele ukuba ukukhanya kusasazeke. Ngamanye amazwi, nawaphi na amathontsi okanye amasuntswana aya kulichithachitha iphepha kulo. Ikhamera yefowuni yathatha le tshati, eya kuvumela umphandi ukuba alinganise oko kutshicelwe emlonyeni we-personas.
Umntu waphinda le nkqubo amaxesha amaninzi, okokuqala ngaphandle kwe-mask, kwaye emva koko enxibe iintlobo ezili-14 ezahlukeneyo zeemaski. Lo mntu akazange anxibe iimaski eziyi-14 ngaxeshanye, nto leyo eyayibonakala ihlekisa. Kunoko, lo mntu uzama ibe nye ngexesha. Iqela lophando laseka itafile yemitha yokulahla isalamane, apho i-1.0 imele inani lamaconsi abetha kwiphepha lebhedi xa umntu enganxibanga imaski, kwaye i-0.0 imele okwenzekayo xa kusetyenziswa eyona maski. Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba olu luguqulelo nje ngalunye lweentlobo ezili-14 ezahlukeneyo zeemaski eziye zazanywa ngumntu omnye.
Iimaski ezi-N95 ngaphandle kweYunivesithi yaseNew York isibhedlele sezempilo iLangone ngexesha lobhubhani we-coronavirus. … [+] (Ifoto nguNoam Calais/Getty Imifanekiso)
Alithandabuzeki elokuba eyona maski ibalaseleyo yimaski ye-N95 ngaphandle kwevalve yokuphefumla. Ngapha koko, olu luhlobo lwempahla ekufuneka abasebenzi bezonyango bayinxibe, becinga ukuba amaziko abo okhathalelo lwempilo eneneni abonelela ngokhuseleko olwaneleyo. Ezi maski ziyilelwe ukuthintela amathontsi kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingaphumi okanye zingene zingena kulo naliphi na icala, kunye nokukhusela lowo uzinxibileyo kunye naye wonke umntu. Iimvavanyo ezenziwe ngesi sigqumathelo zibambe iphepha kunye, kunye neendawo ezimbalwa ezisasazekileyo ezirekhodiweyo. Enyanisweni, isigqubuthelo sobuso esinjalo asifezekanga. Nangona kunjalo, zisebenza njengomgangatho wolu vavanyo, kwaye ubalo lwamathontsi ahambelanayo luyi-zero.
Iimaski zokwenza utyando, njengeemaski ezinxitywa ngabasebenzi bezonyango eHong Kong, eTshayina, zagqitywa kuvavanyo… [+] Indawo yesibini. (IQin Louyue/Ifoto yiNkonzo yeNdaba yaseTshayina, iGetty Imifanekiso)
Umdlali obambe indawo yesibini ayothusi. Xa kuthelekiswa nemaski ye-N95, ukubalwa kwe-droplet ehambelanayo yemaski yotyando enemigangatho emithathu inotshintsho olukhulu, ukusuka ku-0 ukuya kwi-0.1. Ezi maski zikwakwibakala lezonyango kwaye zinokusebenza njengebhokisi (impahla yangaphantsi endaweni kaMike Tyson). Banokuzifihla izinto ezininzi ngaphakathi, kodwa amaxesha ngamaxesha baya kuziyeka ezinye izinto zityibilike ngaphandle.
Indawo yesithathu neyesine ziimaski zepolypropylene: iimaski zekotoni-polypropylene-cotton kunye ne-2-layer polypropylene apron masks. Ubalo lwabo lwamathontsi olunxulumeneyo lumalunga ne-0.1, ngaphezulu kancinci kunolo lweemaski zotyando.
Umgqibi wesihlanu ukuya kweyeshumi elinanye ubandakanya iimaski ezine zomqhaphu ezinemigangatho emibini eyahlukeneyo kunye nemaski enye epleyitiweyo yomqhaphu. Ezi ziwela phakathi kobalo lokuhla oluhambelana no-zero ukuya kwi-0.4. Ngoko babangela ukuba amashiti ajikeleze.
Uhlobo lwesixhenxe yenye imaski ye-N95: imaski enevalve yokukhupha umoya. Ezi ngxelo zibalwa ngokwehla ukusuka kwi-0.1 ukuya kwi-0.2. Xa usebenzisa imaski engu-N95, qala ujonge ukuba inaso na ivelufa yokukhupha umoya edlula kwisihluzo. Imaski ye-N95 enale valve ifana nefestile yendlela enye. Inika kuphela ukhuseleko olubanzi kwicala elinye. Nangona isigqubuthelo sobuso sinokukukhusela, ekugqibeleni usenokuzichanaba kwabanye. Makhe ndiyichaze kwakhona. Usenako ukubavumela abanye abantu ukuba bachukumise nantoni na enokuphuma emlonyeni nasezimpumlweni zakho.
Le valve ivumela umoya ukuba udlule kwisigqubuthelo sobuso ukusuka emlonyeni nasempumlweni yomntu oyinxibileyo ngaphandle kokudlula kwisihluzo esingundoqo. Nangona oku kunokwenza kube lula ukukhupha umoya, kwangaxeshanye, kusenokuvumela intsholongwane ukuba ingene kwelinye icala. Ukuba injongo yodwa yemaski kukukhusela kwiimpembelelo ezinokubakho emoyeni, ke le valve yokukhupha umoya ingaba yinto efanelekileyo. Omnye umzekelo kukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwakha ekwakhiweni kweTempile kaJustin Bieber. Kodwa imaski enjalo ayizukukhusela abanye kukwenzakala kwakho njengemaski ye-N95 ngaphandle kwevalve yokuphefumla. Kungenxa yoko le nto abasebenzi bezonyango bengathandi ukusebenzisa iimaski ze-N95 ezinevalvu zokuphefumla.
Indawo yesithoba i-mask ye-Maxima AT ye-mask kunye ne-avareji ye-droplet count count ye-0.2, kwaye uluhlu lwayo alukho ngaphezu kwe-0.3.
Indawo ye-12 yimaski enithiweyo. Akumangalisi ukuba uluhlu lwale maski lukhulu kakhulu, ukusuka malunga ne-0.1 ukuya kwinani lokuhla elingaphantsi kwe-0.6. Iimaski ezinithiweyo zihlala zifana neentetho zezopolitiko kwaye zineziphene. Umngxuma unokuvumela izinto ezininzi zidlule kwelinye icala.
Ke kukho iimaski ezimbini, ezinokuthi zibe mbi ngakumbi kunokunganxibi imaski kwaphela. Kwindawo ye-13, i-bandana ivela kwi-0.2 ukuya kwi-1.2. Oku kubonisa ukuba, kwezinye iimeko, ukusebenzisa i-Axl Rose empumlweni nasemlonyeni kunokuvumela amathontsi amaninzi ukuba adlule kunokuba ngeempumlo ze nasemlonyeni. ingenzeka njani lonto? Ingawakhupha njani itshefu enkulu amathontsi amanzi? Ewe, impendulo kukusika ubunyani.
Kuxhomekeka kwindlela elungelelaniswe ngayo, ukwakhiwa nokuma kwayo, itshefu isenokusika amathontsi amakhulu abe ngamathontsi amaninzi namancinane. Cinga ngexesha lokugqibela uzama ukutyhala iqhekeza leParmesan ngefestile yesikrini (kuba ngubani ongakhange azame). Amathontsi amancinci mabi kunamathontsi amakhulu kuba ayakwazi ukudada emoyeni ixesha elide kwaye anokudlula kwindlela yokuphefumla yomntu ngokulula.
Umgqibi wokugqibela uchaze ukuba kutheni ungafuni ukubaleka xa uthenga imaski. Imaski yoboya ikwindawo ye-14 kuluhlu, imbi ngakumbi kunokunxiba nto. Iimvavanyo zibonise ukuba usenakho ukudala izaqhwithi ezininzi ngelixa unxibe imaski yoboya. I-avareji ye-droplet count yi-1.1. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokomndilili, abantu abanxibe iimaski zoboya bavelisa amathontsi amaninzi kunaxa iimpumlo nemilomo yabo ityhileke ngokupheleleyo. Oku akunakusebenza kuzo zonke iimaski zoboya. Nangona kunjalo, njengokuba ii-bandanna zinokwenza kwezinye iimeko, le maski yoboya ijika iingxaki ezinkulu zibe ziingxaki ezincinci. Akulunganga oku.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, olu phando lude lugqibelele kwaye lunemida emininzi. Ayikhange ivavanye zonke iinguqulelo ezinokwenzeka zeemaski ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela ezinxitywa ngayo. Umzekelo, ayizizo zonke iimaski ze-N95 ezinevalvu zokuphefumla kunye neemaski ezinithiweyo okanye zoboya azifani. Olu papasho aluzange lunike inkcazo eneenkcukacha yesigqubuthelo sobuso ngasinye kunye nendlela yokunxiba imaski nganye. Kwaye, ngubani owaziyo ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni, ubuso obahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuthetha banxibe iimaski.
Ukongeza, ukutshiza amathontsi akuthethi ukuba utshiza intsholongwane. Ithontsi ngalinye lisenokungoneli ukosulela abanye abantu iSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV2). Kakade ke, “Wonke umntu, hlala usempilweni” ayikuphela kwento oyithethayo kwabanye abantu. Ngokomzekelo, bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ubunokuthi “kunje”? Ke ngoko, nceda unxibe imaski egcwele ityuwa ukuze ufumane zonke iziphumo zophando.
Nangona kunjalo, konke oku kukhumbuza abantu ukuba iingcebiso zempilo yoluntu zinee-nuances kunye neenkcukacha ezinxulumene nazo. Akwanelanga ukugquma ubuso. Ukugquma ubuso bakho ngokubila, itshokolethi, isosi yepizza, okanye ihlazo akwanelanga. Ukusebenzisa nje nayiphi imaski akuyi kusebenza. Umzekelo, unganxibi iimaski zeLone Ranger okanye iimaski ezingathinteli ngokwenene ukuhamba kwezinto eziphuma empumlweni nasemlonyeni zivela e-Costco. Kwanokuba ubonakala uvale impumlo nomlomo wakho, usenokungabakhuseli ngokufanelekileyo abanye. Ngoko ke, lumka xa uthenga iimaski. Khetha imaski echanekileyo. Ngapha koko, awuthi, “Ndinike ipizza, naluphi na uhlobo lwepizza,” akunjalo?
Ndingumbhali, intatheli, uprofesa, imodeli yenkqubo, i-computing kunye nengcali yezempilo yedijithali, i-avocado idla, kunye nosomashishini, kodwa akusoloko kulo myalelo. Okwangoku, ndinguye
Ndingumbhali, intatheli, uprofesa, imodeli yenkqubo, i-computing kunye nengcali yezempilo yedijithali, i-avocado idla, kunye nosomashishini, kodwa akusoloko kulo myalelo. Okwangoku, ndinguprofesa womgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo kunye nolawulo kwiSikolo seMpilo yoLuntu kwiYunivesithi yeSixeko saseNew York (CUNY), umlawuli olawulayo we-PHICOR (@PHICORteam), uprofesa kwi-Johns Hopkins Carey School of Business, kunye umseki kunye ne-CEO ye-Symsilico. Izikhundla zam zangaphambili zibandakanya ukukhonza njengoMlawuli oyiNtloko we-Global Obesity Prevention Centre (GOPC) kwiYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins, uNjingalwazi oNxibeleleyo wezeMpilo yamazwe ngamazwe kwi-Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health Public, uNjingalwazi oNxibeleleyo weMithi kunye ne-Biomedical Informatics kwiYunivesithi yasePittsburgh, Umphathi oMkhulu we-Quintiles Transnational we-Montgomery Securities, uthatha inxaxheba kuphando lwe-biotechnology equity, kwaye waseka i-biotechnology/inkampani ye-bioinformatics. Umsebenzi wam uquka ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokubala, iimodeli, kunye nezixhobo zokunceda abenzi bezigqibo zempilo kunye nezempilo kuwo onke amazwekazi (ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica), kwaye ndifumene abaxhasi abahlukeneyo njengeBill kunye neMelinda Gates Foundation, i-NIH, i-AHRQ, njl. Inkxaso, iCDC , UNICEF, USAID kunye neGlobal Fund. Ndibhale ngaphezu kwe-200 iimpapasho zesayensi kunye neencwadi ezintathu. Ndilandele kuTwitter (@bruce_y_lee), kodwa ungandibuzi ukuba ndiyabazi na ubugcisa bokulwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-22-2021
