Thetha ngomahluko phakathi kweevalvu zentsimbi ezakhiweyo kunye nezityhidiweyo zentsimbi engenastainless ukuvuza kweefault iintlobo zesishwankathelo

Thetha ngomahluko phakathi kweevalvu zentsimbi ezikhandiweyo kunye nezakhiweyo zevalve yentsimbi evuza iintlobo zempazamo zesishwankathelo Intsimbi yokuphosa ibhekisa kuzo zonke iintlobo zokusaswa kwentsimbi eziveliswa ngendlela yokugalela. Uhlobo lwe-alloy yokuphosa. Intsimbi yokuphosa yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy kunye nentsimbi ekhethekileyo. Intsimbi yokuphosa isetyenziswa ikakhulu ekwenzeni imilo entsonkothileyo, kunzima ukuyibumba okanye ukuyisika kwaye ifuna ukomelela okuphezulu kunye neenxalenye zeplastiki. Ukubumba intsimbi kubhekiselele kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokubumba kunye ne-forging eziveliswa ngendlela yokwenza. Amalungu ensimbi akhiweyo anomgangatho ophezulu kunamalungu ensimbi etyhidiweyo, anokumelana nempembelelo enkulu, iplastiki, ukuqina kunye neminye imiba yeepropathi zomatshini nazo ziphezulu kuneentsimbi zentsimbi, ngoko ke zonke iinxalenye zomatshini ezibalulekileyo kufuneka zenziwe ngeentsimbi ezibunjiweyo. Intsimbi yokuphosa ibhekisa kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentsimbi eziveliswa ngendlela yokuphosa. Uhlobo lwe-alloy yokuphosa. Intsimbi yokuphosa yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy kunye nentsimbi ekhethekileyo. Intsimbi yokuphosa isetyenziswa ikakhulu ekwenzeni imilo entsonkothileyo, kunzima ukuyibumba okanye ukuyisika kwaye ifuna ukomelela okuphezulu kunye neenxalenye zeplastiki. Ukubumba intsimbi kubhekiselele kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokubumba kunye ne-forging eziveliswa ngendlela yokwenza. Amalungu ensimbi akhiweyo anomgangatho ophezulu kunamalungu ensimbi etyhidiweyo, anokumelana nempembelelo enkulu, iplastiki, ukuqina kunye neminye imiba yeepropathi zomatshini nazo ziphezulu kuneentsimbi zentsimbi, ngoko ke zonke iinxalenye zomatshini ezibalulekileyo kufuneka zenziwe ngeentsimbi ezibunjiweyo. Ivalve yentsimbi eyakhiweyo kunye nokwahluka kwevalve yentsimbi: Umgangatho wevalve yentsimbi ebunjiweyo ungcono kunalowo wevalve yentsimbi, unokumelana namandla amakhulu, iplastiki, ukuqina kunye neminye imiba yeepropathi zoomatshini ziphezulu kunentsimbi etyhidiweyo, kodwa i-diameter yegama incinci ngokwentelekiso, ngokubanzi kwi-DN50 ngezantsi. Ibanga loxinzelelo lwevalve yokuphosa liphantsi, lisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo uxinzelelo lwegama le-PN16, PN25, PN40, 150LB-900LB. Imigangatho yevalve yentsimbi eyenziweyo: PN100, PN160, PN320, 1500LB-3500LB, njl. Intsimbi yokuphosa isetyenziswa ikakhulu ekwenzeni imilo ethile entsonkothileyo, enzima ukuyibumba okanye ukuyisika kwaye ifuna amandla aphezulu kunye neenxalenye zeplastiki. Ukugalela kukwenza ulwelo, kwaye ukubunjwa yinkqubo yokuguqulwa kweplastiki, ukubumba ukwenza i-workpiece kunokuphucula isakhiwo sangaphakathi sombutho, iipropati ezilungileyo zoomatshini, ingqolowa efanayo, i-workpiece ebalulekileyo enzima kufuneka yenziwe, ukuphosa kuya kubangela ulwahlulo, iziphene zombutho, kunjalo, ukuphosa kuneenzuzo zakhe, ukwenza i-workpiece entsonkothileyo yokubumba akukho lula ukuyivula ngundo, ithathe ukuphosa. Ivalve yokubumba (ivalve yentsimbi ekhutshiweyo) Intshayelelo: 1. Ukubumba kunokwahlulwa kube: (1) Indlela evaliweyo yokubumba (i-faging forging). I-forging inokwahlulwa ibe yi-faging forging, i-rotary forging, i-heading ebandayo, i-extrusion, njl njl. Intsimbi engenanto ifakwe kwi-forging die kunye nemilo ethile yokufumana i-forging. Ngokutsho kweqondo lobushushu deformation, inokohlulwa ibe forging ebandayo (ubushushu forging iqondo lobushushu eqhelekileyo), forging efudumeleyo (forging iqondo lobushushu ngaphantsi kwe recrystallization lobushushu metal blank) kunye forging eshushu (forging ubushushu buphezulu kunobushushu recrystallization). (2) Ukubunjwa okuvulekileyo (ukubunjwa simahla). Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokubumba ngesandla kunye nokubunjwa ngoomatshini. Intsimbi engenanto ibekwe phakathi kweebhloko ezingaphezulu nezisezantsi (intsimbi) kwaye amandla empembelelo okanye uxinzelelo lusetyenziselwa ukukhubaza intsimbi engenanto ukuze kufumaneke iifogi ezifunekayo. I-2, i-forging yenye yamacandelo amabini okubumba, umthwalo woomatshini uphezulu, iimeko zokusebenza ezinzima zamacandelo abalulekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-forgings, imilo yeendawo ezilula ezifumanekayo zokuwela, ngaphandle kwepleyiti yeprofayili. Imingxuma ye-welding kunye ne-loose casting of metal materials inokupheliswa ngokwenziwa. I-3, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lokulinganisa ukulinganisa ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko kunobudlelwane obukhulu. Izinto zokubumba ziyi-carbon steel, insimbi engenasici kunye nentsimbi ye-alloy. I-Forging ratio ibhekisela kumlinganiselo wendawo yecandelo lomnqamlezo wesinyithi ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwendawo yecandelo lokufa emva kokuguqulwa. Imeko yokuqala yemathiriyeli ibandakanya i-ingot, ibha, intsimbi engamanzi kunye nomgubo wentsimbi. 4. Iimpawu ze-mechanical forgings ngokuqhelekileyo zingcono kunezo zixhobo zokwenziwa kwezinto ezifanayo. I-Forging yindlela yokucubungula ukufumana imilo ethile kunye nobukhulu kunye neempawu ezingcono zoomatshini ngokufaka uxinzelelo kwintsimbi engenanto kunye nomatshini wokubumba kunye nokucofa ukwenza ukuba isinyithi singenanto sivelise ukuguqulwa kweplastiki. Ivalve yokuphosa (ivalve yentsimbi) 1, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokugalela, ngokwendlela yokwenza imodeli yesanti eqhelekileyo kunye nokuphosa okukhethekileyo: ① Ukusatywa kwesanti eqhelekileyo, kuquka isanti eyomileyo, isanti emanzi kunye nesanti eqiniswe yikhemikhali 3 iindidi. (2) Ukuphoswa okukhethekileyo, ngokwezinto zokuphosa kunokwahlulwa ngokugatywa okukhethekileyo kwentsimbi kunye nokuphosa okukhethekileyo kwezixhobo zetsimbi; Ukuphoswa okukhethekileyo ngesinyithi njengento yokuphosa, kubandakanywa: ukuphosa uxinzelelo, ukubunjwa kwesinyithi, ukuphosa uxinzelelo oluphantsi, ukuphosa okuqhubekayo, ukuphosa kwe-centrifugal, njl. , ukuphosa udaka, uxinzelelo olubi, ukuphosa nge-ceramic, njl. Imveliso yokuphosa ineempawu ezingcono zoomatshini, ukuguquguquka okubanzi kokuveliswa kwemveliso, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi elingenanto. 3. Ukuphosa yinkqubo esisiseko yoshishino lokwenziwa koomatshini bale mihla. Kukunyibilikisa isinyithi sibe lulwelo kwaye sigalele kwi-mold yokuphosa. 4. Inkqubo yokuphosa ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya: (1) Lungiselela ukubumba okutyhidiweyo (i-mold esetyenziselwa ukwenza isinyithi solwelo sibe yintsimbi eqinileyo, umgangatho wobumba wokubumba uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokuphosa), ukubumba ukubumba ngokwenani lokusetyenziswa kunokuba yahlulwe ngohlobo olulahlwayo, uhlobo oluninzi kunye nohlobo lwexesha elide, ukubumba ngundo ngokwezinto eziphathekayo: uhlobo lwesinyithi, uhlobo lwesanti, uhlobo lodaka, uhlobo lwe-ceramic, uhlobo lwegraphite, njl. njl. , i-carbon steel kunye nensimbi engenasici, njl.; 3 I-5, iintsilelo zendlela yokuvelisa imveliso, ukuphosa kuya kuvelisa ingxolo, igesi eyingozi kunye nothuli kunye nokungcolisa indalo, kunye nezinto ezifunekayo (ezifana nemathiriyeli yemodeli, isinyithi, i-fuel, imithi, njl. njl.) kunye nezixhobo (ezifana nokwenza okuphambili. umatshini, i-metallurgical furnace, umatshini wokubumba, umatshini wokuxuba isanti, umatshini wokuqhumisa ukudubula, njl.) ngaphezulu. 6. Intsimbi yokuphosa ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amathathu: i-carbon steel cast, i-alloy iron ephantsi kunye nentsimbi ekhethekileyo. ① Beka intsimbi yekhabhoni. Intsimbi yentsimbi kunye nekhabhoni njengeyona nto iphambili yokudibanisa kunye neemali ezincinci zezinye izinto. Umxholo wekhabhoni ongaphantsi kwe-0.2% yokuphosa i-carbon steel, i-carbon content 0.2% ~ 0.5% yokukhupha i-carbon metal medium, i-carbon content ngaphezu kwe-0.5% yokuphosa i-carbon steel. Ngokunyuka komxholo wekhabhoni, amandla kunye nobunzima bentsimbi ye-carbon steel ukwanda. Intsimbi ye-Cast carbon inamandla amakhulu, iplastiki kunye nokuqina, ixabiso eliphantsi, elisetyenziselwa oomatshini abanzima ukwenza iinxalenye zokuthwala imithwalo emikhulu, njengesakhelo somatshini wokuqengqeleka, isiseko se-hydraulic press, njl. iinxalenye ezithwele impembelelo ezifana nomqamelo, isakhelo esisecaleni, amavili kunye ne-coupler, njl. njl. ② Ukugalela intsimbi ephantsi. Intsimbi yentsimbi equlethe imanganese, ichromium, ubhedu kunye nezinye izinto ezixutywayo. Isixa esipheleleyo sezinto ezixubekileyo zingaphantsi kwe-5%, enempembelelo enkulu yokuqina kwaye inokufumana iimpawu ezingcono zoomatshini ngonyango lobushushu. Ukuphosa intsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy inokusebenza okungcono kune-carbon steel, inokunciphisa umgangatho wamacandelo, ukuphucula ubomi benkonzo. ③ Ukuphosa intsimbi ekhethekileyo. Iintsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ezixutyiweyo ezisulungekileyo ukuze zihambelane neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zeentlobo ngeentlobo, ngokuqhelekileyo zinento enye okanye ngaphezulu ephezulu yokufumana ipropathi ethile. Umzekelo, intsimbi ephezulu yemanganese equlethe i-11% ~ 14% yemanganese inokumelana nokuguga, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezingagugiyo koomatshini basemigodini kunye noomatshini bobunjineli. Intsimbi engatyiwayo ene-chromium okanye i-chromium nickel njengeyona nto idibanisayo, isetyenziswa ekudlekeni okanye kwiimeko zobushushu obuphezulu obungaphezulu kwama-650℃ iindawo zokusebenza, ezifana nemizimba yevalvu yekhemikhali, iimpompo, izikhongozeli okanye indawo enkulu yomthamo we-injini yesikhululo samandla. Isishwankathelo seentlobo zokungaphumeleli zokuvuza kwevalve yentsimbi engenastainless. Kwinkqubo yokugaya, ngenxa yokukhethwa okungafanelekanga kwezinto zokugaya kunye neendlela ezingalunganga zokugaya, akugcini nje ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwemveliso yevalve, kodwa kuchaphazela nomgangatho wemveliso. Ngokweempawu zezinto zensimbi ezingenasici, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezinobunzima bokusebenza kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, kunye nokucutshungulwa kwe-abrasive crushing kusachaphazela umgangatho wemveliso. Ivalve kwi-workpiece yokusila iqala kwinto yonke kwindlwane yesixhobo sokugaya, kwaye emva koko ngoncedo lwamasuntswana abrasive kunye nolwelo lokugaya oluxutywe ne-arhente yokugaya ukufezekisa injongo yokugaya. Amandla okugaya abhekisela kumandla asebenzayo kwindawo yokugaya iyunithi, esetyenziswe kwisixhobo kunye namandla asebenzayo kwindawo esetyenzisiweyo ngokusebenzisa amaqhekeza abrasive. Ukuba uxinzelelo luncinci kakhulu, umphumo wokugaya uncinci kakhulu. Ukunyuka koxinzelelo, umphumo wokugaya uya kunyuswa, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugaya kuya kuphuculwa. Nangona kunjalo, xa uxinzelelo lunyuka kwixabiso elithile, i-phenomenon ye-saturation iyenzeka, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokugaya kufikelela kwixabiso elikhulu. Ukuba uxinzelelo kwindawo nganye yeyunithi iyaqhubeka nokunyuka, ukusebenza kakuhle kuyancipha. Ingxaki yokuvuza kwevalve yensimbi engenasici ayinakujongelwa phantsi, senza isishwankathelo esincinci kwezi ngxaki zilandelayo, ndiyathemba ukuba kuya kuba luncedo kwinkqubo yakho yokusetyenziswa: 1. Ukuvuza koqhagamshelwano lwevalve yensimbi engenasici Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba ivalve kunye nebholi yoqhagamshelo lwevalve iqinisiwe. Ukuba aziqiniswanga, i-gasket ring kunye ne-flange yokutywina i-groove surface ayidityaniswanga ngokupheleleyo, ehlala ikhokelela ekuvuzeni. Hlola iibholiti kunye namantongomane ngokulandelelana kwaye uqinise zonke iibhotshi kuze kube yilapho iindandatho ze-gasket zixinzelelwe ngokuqinileyo. Okwesibini, ubukhulu kunye nokuchaneka kwendandatho ye-gasket kunye ne-flange yokutywina i-groove surface kufuneka ihlolwe. Ukuba ubungakanani bomda wokudibanisa ukutywina abuchanekanga okanye burhabaxa kakhulu, umsesane we-gasket kufuneka ulungiswe okanye uhlaziywe. Ngaphezu koko, jonga ukuba ngaba kukho umhlwa, imingxuma yesanti, imingxuma yesanti okanye ukungcola kumphezulu woqhagamshelwano weringi ye-gasket kunye ne-flange yokutywina i-groove. Ukuba kukho iziphene ezinjalo, kufuneka zilungiswe, zilungiswe okanye zicocwe ngokufanelekileyo. 2. Ukuvuza kwesigqubuthelo sevalve yentsimbi engenaziphene Ukuvuza kwesivalo seValve, okubonakaliswa ikakhulu ekuvuzeni kwezitywina zokupakisha. Okokuqala, khangela ukuba itywina ikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ingaba iyahambelana negroove yokutywina. Ukuba kukho iingxaki ezinjalo, buyisela umsesane wokutywina okanye ulungise i-groove yokutywina. Okwesibini, khangela ukuba ngaba iindawo zokutywina zivela njenge-burr, i-fracturing, i-torsion kunye nezinye izinto, le meko yokubuyisela iindawo zokutywinwa. Ukongeza, khangela ukuba umphezulu wokutywina wegroove nganye yokutywina urhabaxa okanye unezinye iziphene. Ukuba kukho iziphene, iziphene kufuneka zipheliswe okanye iindawo ezonakalisiweyo kufuneka zihlaziywe. Isigqubuthelo sevalve okanye isibiyeli sinokupakishwa okuza kutywinwa ngokucinezelwa. Ukufakwa kwezi kupakishwa kufuneka kuhlolwe. Ukuba kufunyenwe ukuba ukupakishwa okuphezulu kunye nezantsi kufakwe phezulu, kufuneka kususwe kwaye kufakwe kwakhona ngokuhambelana nendlela echanekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, khangela ukuba ukuchaneka kwendawo yoqhagamshelwano yamatywina kuyahlangabezana neemfuno ezichaziweyo. 3. Ivalve yensimbi engenastainless umzimba imbobo yokuvuza ngokufanelekileyo Umzimba weValve kwinkqubo yokuphosa, ngamanye amaxesha kuya kubakho imingxuma yesanti, imingxuma yesanti kunye nezinye iziphene zokuphosa, kunzima ukufunyanwa kwinkqubo yomatshini, xa uxinzelelo lusetyenzisiwe, ukuphosa okufihliweyo. iziphene ziya kutyhilwa. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa i-welding, ukulungiswa okanye ukuhlaziya. 4. Ukuvuza kwepleyiti yesitulo sevalve yentsimbi engenastainless Ukuvuza kwipleyiti yesitulo yinto eqhelekileyo xa ufaka okanye ulungiselela iivalve. Ngokubanzi, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: enye kukuvuza komphezulu wokutywina, enye kukuvuza kweengcambu zeringi yokutywina. Okokuqala, ukuchaneka koqhagamshelwano lomphezulu wokutywina phakathi kwesihlalo kunye nepleyiti yevalve kufuneka kuhlolwe. Umphezulu wokutywina kufuneka ube ngumhlaba ubuncinane. Ukuba ukuchaneka komphezulu kufunyenwe ukuba kunzima kakhulu, kufuneka kususwe kwaye kuphinde kubekwe phantsi. Okwesibini, khangela ukuba kukho i-pitting, indentation, imingxuma yesanti, iintanda kunye nezinye iziphene kwindawo yokutywinwa. Kule meko, ipleyiti yevalve okanye isihlalo kufuneka itshintshwe. Kwisihlalo esinemithombo yoxinzelelo, i-elasticity ye-spring pressure spring kufuneka ihlolwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno. Ukuba i-elasticity iyancipha, intwasahlobo yoxinzelelo kufuneka ihlaziywe. Ngaphezu koko, jonga ukuba unxibelelwano olumilise okwe-T phakathi kwepleyiti yevalve kunye nesiqu sevalve lukhululekile kakhulu, okukhokelela ekuthambekeni kwepleyiti yevalve kwinkqubo yoxinzelelo. Kule meko, ipleyiti ye-valve kufuneka isuswe kwaye ilungiswe kubungakanani obufanelekileyo. Ukuvulwa kwangaphakathi komzimba we-valve kulula ukungena ekuhlolweni kwe-welding, iifayili zentsimbi, ukungcola kunye namanye amaqumrhu angaphandle ngexesha lokufakwa. Iintlobo ezinjalo kufuneka zicocwe ngaphambi kokufakwa. Ukuba uyakhohlwa ukucoca okanye ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo, kuya kubangela ukuba i-valve plate ivale ngaphantsi kobunzulu obulindelekileyo kunye nokuvuza, kulo mzekelo, susa umzimba we-valve ukucoca kwakhona. Isihlalo se-valve yensimbi engenasici kufuneka sifakwe ngesona sixhobo sofakelo, kwaye isihlalo kufuneka sihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba sifakwe kwindawo. Ukuba umsonto awujijwanga kubunzulu obufunwayo, kuya kubakho ukuvuza esitulweni. Kule meko, isihlalo kufuneka sifakwe kwakhona ngesixhobo esihle kakhulu.