Amanqaku angama-26 angundoqo ofakelo lwevalvu, i-14 taboos ezinkulu zoncedo oluqhelekileyo lofakelo lwevalvu kunye nokungalunganga kokwazisa

Amanqaku angama-26 angundoqo ofakelo lwevalvu, i-14 taboos ezinkulu zoncedo oluqhelekileyo lofakelo lwevalvu kunye nokungalunganga kokwazisa

Kwinkqubo yokwakha, umgangatho wofakelo lwe-valve luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwixesha elizayo, ngoko kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kuyo. Ke, uyifaka njani ivalve? Zeziphi iindawo eziphambili zofakelo lwevalvu? Yeyiphi imiqobo kunye nezilumkiso?
Iingongoma ezi-5 eziphambili zofakelo lwevalvu
1 Izalathiso kunye nendawo
Iivalve ezininzi ziyalathisa
Ngokomzekelo, i-valve yeglobhu, i-valve ye-throttle, i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, i-valve yokujonga, njl., ukuba ifakwe kwi-reverse, iya kuchaphazela umphumo wokusetyenziswa kunye nobomi (njenge-valve ye-throttle), okanye ayisebenzi konke konke (njengokunciphisa uxinzelelo. ivalve), kwaye ibangele ingozi (efana nevalve yokukhangela). Iivalvu ngokubanzi ezineempawu ezibonisa indlela emzimbeni. Ukuba akunjalo, kufuneka ichongwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokomgaqo wokusebenza kwevalvu.
Igumbi levalve elijikeleze ivalve yeglowubhu liyi-asymmetrical, ulwelo lokuyivumela ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu ngezibuko levalve, ngoko ke ukuxhathisa ulwelo kuncinci (kumiselwa yimilo), ukusindisa umsebenzi ovulekileyo (ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphakathi phezulu) , ivaliwe emva kokupakishwa koxinzelelo oluphakathi, kulula ukuyilungisa, yingakho i-valve yeglobhu ayikwazi ukufaka inyaniso. Ezinye iivalve zineempawu zazo.
Indawo yofakelo lwevalvu kufuneka kube lula ukusebenza
Nangona ukufakela kunzima okwethutyana, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela umsebenzi wexesha elide lomsebenzisi. I-valve engcono yesandla se-valve kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwesifuba (ngokubanzi i-1.2 yeemitha ukusuka kumgangatho wokusebenza), ukwenzela ukuba ukuvulwa kunye nokuvala i-valve ngumzamo omncinci. Ivili lesandla sevalve yomgangatho kufuneka lijonge phezulu kwaye lingathambeki ukunqanda ukusebenza kakubi. Ivalve yomatshini wodonga ixhomekeke kwisixhobo, kwaye umqhubi kufuneka naye ashiywe kwindawo yokuma.
Ukuze ugweme ukusebenza kwesibhakabhaka, ngakumbi i-asidi kunye ne-alkali, imidiya enetyhefu, ngaphandle koko ayikhuselekile.
Isango akufanele liguqulwe (oko kukuthi, i-handwheel iphantsi), ngaphandle koko i-medium iya kugcinwa kwindawo yokugubungela ixesha elide, i-corrode i-stem ngokulula, kunye ne-taboo yenkqubo ethile. Kunzima kakhulu ukutshintsha ukupakisha ngaxeshanye. Vula iivalvu zesango le-STEM, MUSA UKUFAKA ngaphantsi komhlaba, kungenjalo ngenxa yokuhlwa okumanzi kwesiqu esiveziweyo.
Phakamisa ivalve yokukhangela, ufakelo lokuqinisekisa ukuba idiskhi yevalve ngokuthe nkqo, ukuze ukuphakamisa kube bhetyebhetye. Ivalve yokukhangela i-Swing, xa ifakwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba inqanaba le-pin, ukuze ujingi ube bhetyebhetye. Ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo iya kufakwa ngokuthe tye kumbhobho othe tye, kwaye ayiyi kuthambekela nakweliphi na icala.
2 Umsebenzi wokwakha
Ukufakela kunye nokwakhiwa kufuneka kulumke, musa ukubetha i-valve eyenziwe ngezinto ezinqabileyo.
Phambi kofakelo
Zonke iintlobo zevalvu kunye neenkcukacha ziya kujongwa ngononophelo ukuthobela iimfuno zoyilo.
(Khangela ukuba ZINOKUSETYENZISWA KWIIMEKO EZIFUNEKAYO ngokwemodeli yevalve kunye nemiyalelo yefektri, kwaye wenze uvavanyo lwamanzi okanye loxinzelelo lomoya ukuba kukho imfuneko.)
Ukongezelela, kufuneka kwakhona kuhlolwe ukuba ukupakishwa kuhambelana, nokuba i-gland bolt inesibonelelo esaneleyo sokulungelelaniswa, kunye nokukhangela ukuba i-stem kunye ne-disc isandi, nokuba kukho i-stick and skew phenomenon.
Umphezulu wokutywina wediski yevalve kufuneka uvalwe ngokuqinileyo, kwaye umgangatho womsonto kufuneka ujongwe kwiivalvu ezinemisonto. Iivalvu ezingaqinisekiswanga AYI KUFAKWA kwaye ziya kupakishwa ngokwahlukeneyo okanye zimakishwe.
Ubutyobo kwivalve.
Inkqubo yokuhlohla
XA UPHAKAMISA IMVAVANE, INTAMBO AKUFUNEKA IBOTSHWE KWISANDLA OKANYE ISIQINISEKISO UKUTHINTA UKONAKALA KWEZI NDAWO. KUFUNEKA KUBOTSHWE KWIFANGE.
Umgca apho i-valve idityaniswe khona kufuneka icocwe.
Umoya ocinezelweyo unokusetyenziselwa ukuvuthela iifayili ze-iron oxide, isanti, i-welding slag kunye nezinye ii-sundries. Le nkunkuma, akukho lula nje ukukrazula indawo yokutywina yevalve, amaqhekeza amakhulu enkunkuma (njenge-slag ye-welding), kodwa inokuthintela i-valve encinci, ukwenzela ukuba ukusilela kwayo.
Xa UFAKA I-SKREW valve, UKUPAKA UKUTYA (I-WIRE NE-aluminium yeoli OKANYE i-PTFE RAW belt material) kufuneka ifakwe kwintambo yombhobho, ungangeni kwi-valve, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme umthamo wememori yevalve, uchaphazele ukuhamba okuphakathi.
Xa ufaka i-valve ye-flange, nikela ingqalelo ekuqiniseni iibholithi ngokulinganayo kwaye ngokulinganayo. I-valve flange kunye ne-flange yombhobho kufuneka ihambelane, ukucocwa kunengqiqo, hleze i-valve ivelise uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, kunye nokuqhekeka. Kwizinto ezinqabileyo kwaye kungekhona amandla aphezulu e-valve, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe. Ivalve ekufuneka idityaniswe ngombhobho iya kuba yindawo edityanisiweyo kuqala, emva koko indawo evaliweyo iya kuvuleka ngokupheleleyo, ize idityaniswe ifile.
3 Amanyathelo oKhuselo
Ezinye iivalvu kufuneka zibe nokhuseleko lwangaphandle, oko kukugcina ubushushu kunye nokugcinwa kwengqele. I-insulation layer ngamanye amaxesha ixutywa nemigca yomphunga oshushu. Luluphi uhlobo lwevalve olufanele lube lubushushu okanye lubandayo, ngokweemfuno zemveliso.
Ngokomgaqo, apho i-valve medium ukunciphisa iqondo lobushushu kakhulu, kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle imveliso okanye ivalve emkhenkceni, kufuneka uhlale ushushu, nkqu ubushushu mix; Apho ivalve ingenanto, engalunganga kwimveliso okanye ibangele iqabaka kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi, kufuneka uhlale ubanda. Izinto zokugquma i-asbestos, uboya be-slag, uboya beglasi, i-perlite, i-diatomite, i-vermiculite, njl.; Izinto zokupholisa ziyi-cork, i-perlite, i-foam, iplastiki kunye nokunye.
4 I-Bypass kunye nemitha
Ezinye iivalve, ngaphezu kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko zokukhusela, nazo zine-bypass kunye ne-instrumentation. Kufakwe i-bypass. Kulula ukulungisa umgibe. Ezinye iivalve, nazo zifakwe i-bypass. Ukufakwa kwe-bypass kuxhomekeke kwimeko yevalvu, ukubaluleka, kunye neemfuno zemveliso.
5 Ukupakisha indawo
I-valve yesitoko, ukupakisha okuthile akuzange kube kuhle, kwaye ezinye azihambelani nokusetyenziswa kweendaba, ezifuna ukubuyisela ukupakisha.
Umzi-mveliso weValve awukwazi ukuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwamawaka eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendaba, ibhokisi yokupakisha isoloko igcwele ingcambu eqhelekileyo, kodwa xa isetyenziswa, kufuneka ivumele ukupakisha phakathi ukulungelelanisa.
Xa utshintsha ukupakisha, cinezela ngqukuva. Umthungo ngamnye wendandatho ukuya kuma-degrees angama-45 ufanelekile, ring kunye ne-ring uvule i-180 degrees. Ukuphakama kokupakisha kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo i-leeway ukuze i-gland iqhubeke nokucinezela, kwaye ngoku kuyafuneka ukuba indawo esezantsi ye-gland icinezele igumbi lokupakisha kubunzulu obufanelekileyo, obunokuthi ngokubanzi bube yi-10-20% yobunzulu bubonke bobunzulu. igumbi lokupakisha. Kwiivalve ezifunayo, i-joint Angle yi-30 degrees. Umthungo ophakathi kweringi kunye neringi ugxadazele ngamadigri angama-120.
Ukongeza ukupakisha, kodwa ngokwemeko ethile, ukusetyenziswa kwerabha O-ring (irabha yendalo ukumelana 60 degrees Celsius buthathaka alkali, butadiene irabha ukumelana ukuya 80 degrees Celsius ikristale oyile, Fluorine irabha ukumelana ezahlukeneyo ezonakalisayo. media ngezantsi 150 degrees celcius) ezintathu zipakishwe polytetrafluoron ring (ixhathise eendaba eyomeleleyo edlekayo ngaphantsi kwama-200 degrees Celsius) nenayiloni isitya umsesane (resistant ukuya 120 degrees Celsius ammonia, alkali) kunye nezinye ezenza filler.
Umaleko we-TEflon we-tape yezinto eziluhlaza unokuphucula umphumo wokutywina kunye nokunciphisa ukubola kwe-electrochemical ye-valve stem. Xa ucinezela i-seasoning, jika i-stem ngaxeshanye ukugcina yonke indawo ngokulinganayo, kwaye uthintele ukufa kakhulu, qinisa i-gland ukuze unyanzelise ngokulinganayo, awukwazi ukuthambeka.
Ufakelo lwevalvu 14 taboos ezinkulu
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Izithintelo: Ezona mathiriyeli, izixhobo kunye neemveliso ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo azinamaxwebhu ovavanyo lomgangatho wobugcisa okanye iziqinisekiso zesiqinisekiso semveliso ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yangoku yesizwe okanye yomphathiswa.
Iziphumo: umgangatho weprojekthi awufanelekanga, kukho iingozi ezifihliweyo, azikwazi ukuhanjiswa kwishedyuli, kufuneka zilungiswe ngokutsha; Zibangele ukulibaziseka kweprojekthi, ukwanda kwabasebenzi kunye negalelo lezinto eziphathekayo.
Imilinganiselo: izixhobo eziphambili, izixhobo kunye neemveliso ezisetyenziselwa unikezelo lwamanzi kunye ne-drainage kunye nobunjineli bokufudumeza kunye nococeko kufuneka luhlangabezane nemigangatho ekhoyo ekhutshwe ngurhulumente okanye i-ofisi yoMphathiswa wovavanyo lomgangatho wobugcisa okanye isatifikethi sokufaneleka kwemveliso; Igama lemveliso, imodeli, inkcazo, ikhowudi yomgangatho wesizwe, umhla wokuhanjiswa, igama kunye nendawo yomenzi, isatifikethi sokuhlolwa okanye ikhowudi yokuhanjiswa iya kuboniswa.
2
Musa: Ufakelo lwevalvu phambi kokuhlolwa komgangatho oyimfuneko ngokwemigaqo.
Iziphumo: Ukutshintshwa kwevalvu yenkqubo yokusebenza kwenkqubo ayiguquguquki, ivale ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokuvuza kwamanzi (umphunga) isenzeko, okukhokelela ekulungisweni kokuphinda kusebenze, kwaye kuchaphazele nonikezelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo (umphunga).
Ukulinganisa: Ivalve kufuneka ivavanyelwe amandla oxinzelelo kunye nokuqina ngaphambi kokufakwa. Uvavanyo luya kukhetha i-10% yobuninzi bebhetshi nganye (i-brand efanayo, inkcazo efanayo, imodeli efanayo), kwaye ingabi ngaphantsi kwesinye. Kuba ivalve yesiphaluka evaliweyo efakwe kumbhobho oyintloko ukunqumla umsebenzi, kufuneka ibe ngomnye wokuvavanya amandla kunye nokuqina. Amandla e-VALVE kunye noxinzelelo lovavanyo lokuqina luya kuhambelana "neKhowudi yoKwamkeleka koMgangatho woKwakha ukuNikezelwa kwaManzi oKwakha, i-drainage kunye ne-Heating Engineering" (GB 50242-2002).
3
I-Taboo: Iimpawu zevalve yokufakela, iimodeli azihlangabezani neemfuno zoyilo. Ngokomzekelo, uxinzelelo lwe-valve lungaphantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo; Xa ububanzi bombhobho wesebe lamanzi okutya bungaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-50mm, i-valve yesango isetyenziswa; Ukufudumeza kwamanzi ashushu omile, umbhobho othe nkqo usebenzisa ivalve yokumisa; Umbhobho wokufunxa wempompo yomlilo usebenzisa ivalve yebhabhathane.
Isiphumo: Ukuchaphazela i-valve eqhelekileyo yokuvula kunye nokuvala kunye nokulungelelanisa ukumelana, uxinzelelo kunye neminye imisebenzi. Nokuba kubangele ukusebenza kwenkqubo, umonakalo wevalve ngenkani ukulungiswa.
Imilinganiselo: Uqhelene nokusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu, ngokweemfuno zoyilo ukukhetha iinkcukacha zevalve kunye neemodeli. Uxinzelelo oluncinci lwevalvu luya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zoxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo. Ngokweemfuno zekhowudi yokwakha: umbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi ububanzi obungaphantsi okanye obulingana ne-50mm kufuneka kusetyenziswe ivalve yokusika; Iivalvu zesango kufuneka zisetyenziswe xa ububanzi bombhobho bungaphezulu kwe-50mm.
Isifudumezi samanzi ashushu somile, ivelufa yokulawula ethe nkqo kufuneka isebenzise ivalve yesango, umbhobho wokufunxa impompo yomlilo akufanele usebenzise ivalve yebhabhathane.
4
Musa: Indlela yokufaka iValve ayilunganga. Umzekelo, ivalve yeglowubhu okanye ivalve yokukhangela amanzi (umphunga) umsinga wokuhamba uchasene nomqondiso, isiqu sifakwe ezantsi, ufakelo oluthe tyaba lwevalve yokukhangela lufakwe ngokuthe nkqo, ivalve yesango okanye ivalve yebhabhathane ayivulwanga okanye indawo evaliweyo, isiqu sevalve asijonganga kumnyango wokuhlola.
Iziphumo: Ukusilela kwevalvu, ukutshintshwa kobunzima bokugcinwa kwevalvu, isikhondo sevalvu ephantsi kudla ngokubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi.
Imilinganiselo: Faka ivalve ngokungqongqo ngokwemiyalelo yofakelo lwevalvu, shiya isikhondo sevalve ukwandisa ukuphakama kokuvula, ivalve yebhabhathane iqwalasele ngokupheleleyo indawo yokujikeleza komqheba, zonke iintlobo zesikhondo sevalve azinakuba ngaphantsi kunendawo ethe tye. ndedwa phantsi. Ivalve efihliweyo kungekhona nje ukuseta ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuvula ivalve kunye nokuvala umnyango wokuhlola, ngexesha elifanayo i-valve stem kufuneka iqondiswe kumnyango wokuhlola.
5
I-Taboo: iflange yevalve yebhabhathane eneflange eqhelekileyo yevalvu.
Iziphumo: ibhabhathane ivalve flange kunye nobukhulu eqhelekileyo ivelufa flange yahlukile, ezinye ububanzi flange lincinci, kunye disc butterfly valve inkulu, kubangele ayikwazi kuvulwa okanye nzima ukuvula umonakalo ivelufa.
Imilinganiselo: ngokobukhulu bebhabhathane ivalve flange iflange processing flange.
6
I-Taboo: akukho mingxuma egciniweyo kunye neengxenye ezifakwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokwakha, okanye ubungakanani beemingxuma ezigciniweyo zincinci kwaye iindawo ezidibeneyo aziphawulwanga.
Isiphumo: Ulwakhiwo lweprojekthi yogutyulo lwe-WARM, ulwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lwetshisel, nokuba lunqumle ukomelezwa koxinzelelo, luchaphazela ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwesakhiwo.
Amanyathelo: Ziqhelanise nemizobo yokwakha yobunjineli bokufudumeza kunye nococeko ngononophelo, kwaye ngenkuthalo usebenzisane nolwakhiwo lwesakhiwo sokwakha ukugcina imingxuma kunye neendawo ezifakelweyo ngokweemfuno zofakelo lwemibhobho kunye nezixhoma zenkxaso, ngokubhekisele ngokuthe ngqo kwiimfuno zoyilo kunye iinkcukacha zokwakha.
7
Contraindications: Xa ukuwelda umbhobho, isiphelo esingalunganga sombhobho emva kokuba isibini singekho kwi-Central Line efanayo, akukho sikhewu kwisibini, umbhobho wodonga olungqingqwa awuhlakulwa, kwaye ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld musa. ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zekhowudi yokwakha.
Umphumo: Isiphelo esingalunganga sombhobho alikho kumgca ophakathi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-welding kunye nomgangatho obonakalayo. Akukho msantsa phakathi kwamacala amabini, umbhobho ongqindilili wodonga awuhlatywanga, ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld akuhambelani neemfuno zeemfuno zamandla welding.
Imilinganiselo: Emva kokuwelda iperi yombhobho, umbhobho akufuneki uphosise, kufuneka ube kwiCentral Line, umsantsa kufuneka ushiywe kwisibini, umbhobho oshinyeneyo wodonga kufuneka uhlatywe igroove, ukongeza, ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld seam. kufuneka idityaniswe ngokweemfuno ezichaziweyo.
8
Taboo: Umbhobho ungcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba onomkhenkce kwaye akukho kunyangwa komhlaba ovulekileyo, izithuba zemibhobho yepier kunye nendawo engafanelekanga, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwefomu yezitena zekhowudi eyomileyo.
Umphumo: Ngenxa yenkxaso engazinzanga, umbhobho wonakaliswe kwinkqubo ye-backfill earth tamping, okubangelwa ukulungiswa kwakhona.
Amanyathelo: UMbhobho AWUZOKUGQIBELELWA KUMHLABA OMKHENKILEYO okanye kumhlaba ongacocwanga, UKUKHIWA KWEZIPASI KUYA KUHLANGABEZANA neemfuno zemigaqo yolwakhiwo, KWAYE UMKHUSANE WENKXASO uya kuqina, INGAKUMBI kujongano lwemibhobho, ongayi kuthwala amandla okucheba. Izitena ezizitena kufuneka zakhiwe ngodaka lwesamente ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina.
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