Imowudi yokutshisa i-arc yeplasma yokujonga izinto ezikrwada zokusetyenzwa kwevalvu yesango

I-plasma arc yokutshisa imowudi yokujonga izinto ezikrwada zokusetyenzwa kwevalvu yesango Ukuqulunqa, ukubumba, ukubumba ivalve yentsimbi ngokulula kuthiwa isetyenziselwa ukwenza ivalve yesango yentsimbi engenasici, intsimbi yokubumba ibhekisa kukhetho lwendlela yokubumba kwaye iveliswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubumba kunye nokuphosa. iindawo zentsimbi. Umgangatho ohambelanayo wevalve yentsimbi ekhandiweyo yokuphosa insimbi engenasici iphezulu, inokumelana nefuthe lamandla, iplastikhi, ukuqina kunye neminye imiba yeempawu ezibonakalayo ziphezulu kunokwentsimbi yentsimbi, ngoko ke nanini na xa ezinye iindawo zomatshini ezibalulekileyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwintsimbi ekhandiweyo. , intsimbi ekhandiweyo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumbhobho woxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngomatshini obuthathaka, ofanelekileyo kwiimpawu zomsebenzi woxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-Forging yenye yezinto ezimbini zokuphosa. Amacandelo abalulekileyo anomthwalo ophezulu kunye nendalo enzima yokusebenza kwizixhobo zoomatshini ubukhulu becala intsimbi yentsimbi, ezilula kwaye zinokuba zi-welds ezibandayo, ngaphandle kweeplati zeprofayili ze-aluminium. Imingxunya ye-welding kunye ne-as-cast looseness ye-composites yesinyithi inokupheliswa ngokwenziwa. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lokukhangela isheke ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, ulawulo lweendleko lunobudlelwane obukhulu. Izinto eziphambili zokubumba ziyi-carbon steel, i-stainless steel plate kunye ne-carbon steel. Umlinganiselo wokugaya ubhekisela kumlinganiselo wendawo yonke yecandelo lomnqamlezo wezinto zetsimbi phambi kokuguqulwa kwendawo yokufa emva kokuguqulwa. Ubume boqobo bemathiriyeli ekrwada ibandakanya ukuphosa, iintonga ezingqukuva, iialloyi zeememori zemilo kunye nomgubo wesinyithi. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zentsimbi yokuphosa ngokuqhelekileyo zingcono kunezo zixhobo ezifanayo. I-Forging yenziwa ngokucinezela i-embryo yesinyithi kunye nezixhobo zokubumba, ukwenzela ukuba imilo ye-embryo ye-alloy ingatshintshwa ukuze ifumane iteknoloji yokucubungula kunye neenkcukacha ezithile zemilo kunye neempawu ezintle zomzimba. Iteknoloji yokulungisa isakhiwo se-valve yensimbi: umgangatho womzimba we-valve kunye neempawu ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benkonzo yokusebenza kwevalve yesango kunye nokhuseleko. Ke ngoko, umzimba wevalve owenziweyo kufuneka usetyenziswe phantsi kwendawo yokusebenza engalunganga okanye iimfuno eziphakamileyo zokhuseleko lwevalve yesango. Kwi-valve yokumisa i-DN50, ivalve yokumisa, ivalve yokukhangela, njl. njl., uninzi lokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya ukubumba ngokubanzi emva kwe-welding kumacala omabini enkqubo yeflange, kukho nabavelisi abaqhagamshelwe iflange yokubumba kunye. Kodwa kwii-intshi ezi-2 ngaphezulu komzimba omncinci wevalve yecaliber, ngenxa yokunqongophala kokufunwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini bokwenza umkhomba-ndlela onzima kakhulu, ufuna ukufezekisa ushishino lwamacandelo amakhulu okubumba kukho ubunzima obuthile. Ngoko ke, abavelisi abaninzi abasuka kumazwe angaphandle kweendawo ezinkulu kunye neziphakathi, okanye kunye neenkampani ezithile kwamanye amazwe ukuphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa kwamalungu omzimba wevalvu. I-Taichenson yabelane ngosetyenziso olutsha lwetekhnoloji yokucheba i-extrusion yevalvu yomzimba wevalve enkulu kunye nephakathi yentsimbi eyenziweyo. Ngokuthatha inzuzo yayo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukonga amandla kunye nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi, ngokutsho kophando lovavanyo kwitekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwevalvu yomzimba, isalathiso sobuchwephesha sokucheba i-extrusion yevalvu yomzimba safunyanwa. Yonke inkqubo yokucheba - ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion kufuneka kuthathe ukuguqulwa kwe-chear njengeyona nkqubo iphambili yokulungiswa kweplastiki yesinyithi. Uphawu olusisiseko lwe-mechanical mechanical of the forming technology kukuba amandla asetyenziswayo angancitshiswa. Ngokulandelayo, inciphisa kakhulu inani leetoni zoomatshini ezifunekayo kwinkqubo yonke yokwenziwa. IKHIWANE. l ibonisa umgaqo osisiseko we-scissor-extrusion yokwenza isebe kunye nefoloko. Umgca we-diagonal kumfanekiso ubonisa indawo yokuguqula i-shear kwi-shear - inkqubo yokwenza i-extrusion. Akunjalo kuphela ukuvelisa i-deformation enkulu ye-shear ejikeleze umgca oblique. Intsalela ye-trichoderm iyonke ivelisa iindidi ezincinci zokwahluka. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yenaliti. Isinyithi esiphakathi kweebhanti ezimbini zokucheba zigeleza kwi-concave cavity yesixhobo sokugaya ngendlela efanayo, kwaye ifolokhwe iveliswa. Kumzimba wevalve esikiweyo kunye neefolokhwe ezimbini eziboniswe kuMzobo 2. Kukusika i-extrusion eyenza ifolokhwe yesebe eliphezulu kwaye wenze ifolokhwe yesebe elisezantsi, i-2 yesebe lefoloko yokwenza ingenziwa kwakhona kwi-stroke ilungiselelo lenaliti. Ngaphambi kokuba umzimba wevalve uqhube uphando lwezenzululwazi lwemveliso ye-sciss-extrusion kunye novavanyo lwenkqubo yokusebenza, ukhetho lokuqala lwe-t / 3 ngeenyawo zecandelo lokushwabana lokuqhuba ukulinganisa okubonakalayo kophando lwezenzululwazi, fumana isalathiso senkqubo yesalathiso sesikere. -i-extrusion forming, ukwenzela ukuba kuqulunqwe iiparitha eziphambili zemveliso kunye novavanyo lwenkqubo yokusebenza. Thatha itekhnoloji yokucubungula ye-DN100 yomzimba wevalve enqunyiweyo njengomzekelo, ngokutsho kophando lwezenzululwazi lovavanyo lwenkqubo yokusebenza kwemveliso. Isalathiso senkqubo ye-DNlOOmm yomzimba we-valve osikiweyo kunye ne-20 yensimbi ye-shear extrusion material ifunyenwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ubushushu bokufudumala kwesampuli yeenwele ze-embryo yi-1200 ℃, kunye nokushisa kwesixhobo sokugaya yi-100 ~ 300 "C. I-agent yolwelo yegraphite ikhethwa njenge-lubricant. Inaliti yokugqobhoza yenziwe tapered, kwaye isithuba senaliti yokugqobhoza yi ~'108mm Iisampulu ngamalungu angenanto aneeflange. L kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokulinganisa, ukucaciswa kweentsimbi zetsimbi kunye neepropati ze-mechanical castings Emva kokubala kunye nokubala, umatshini we-punching we-1O00t unokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-Qi. Ukwenziwa kokwenziwa komzimba wevalufa osikiweyo wedayamitha encinci kubonwa kwisixhobo esikhulu, esincinci kunye nesiphakathi, nto leyo engqina ukuba inkqubo yokusika kunye ne-extrusion yokubumba ineempawu zokukhuselwa kwendalo, ukonga amandla kunye nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi. Iyakwazi ukwenza ukubunjwa ngokubanzi kwebhodi yevalve enkulu kunye nobungakanani obuphakathi kwizixhobo zangoku zase China. Ukwengeza. Ukwenziwa kunye nokwenziwa kombhobho weti kunye nezinye iinxalenye zefolokhwe ezinkulu neziphakathi zinokuphononongwa ngokwenzululwazi ngeteknoloji yokucheba nokucudisa. Ukubumba kunokwahlulwa kube: (1) ukubunjwa okuvaliweyo (ukubunjwa simahla). Inokwahlulwa ibe yi-forging yamahhala, i-rotary forging, i-extrusion ebandayo, i-extrusion forming, njl., i-embryo ye-alloy ifakwe kwi-forging die enemilo ethile ukunyanzela ukuguqulwa kunye nokufumana intsimbi. Ngokutsho kweqondo lobushushu deformation, inokohlulwa ibe forging ebandayo (ubushushu forging iqondo lobushushu eqhelekileyo), forging efudumeleyo (forging iqondo lobushushu ngaphantsi kwe recrystallization ubushushu bentsimbi embryo) kunye forging eshushu (forging ubushushu buphezulu kunobushushu recrystallization) . (2) ukubumba okuvulekileyo (ukubunjwa simahla). Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokubumba ngesandla kunye nokubunjwa ngoomatshini. I-embryo ye-alloy ibekwe phakathi kweebhloko ezimbini ze-anvil (intsimbi) kwaye amandla empembelelo okanye umthwalo usetyenziselwa ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwe-embryo ye-alloy ukuze kufumaneke ukuphosa kwentsimbi. Ukuthelekiswa kweevalve zentsimbi ezibunjiweyo kunye nentsimbi: Iivalve zentsimbi eziphosiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphosa intsimbi kwiindawo zokuphosa. Uhlobo lwe-alloy yokuphosa. Ukuphosa kwentsimbi kwahlulahlulwe ngamacandelo amathathu: intsimbi yekhabhoni ephonsiweyo, intsimbi ephezulu eyenziwe ngealloy kunye nentsimbi ekhethekileyo. Ukuphoswa kwentsimbi luhlobo oluthile lwentsimbi eyenziwe ngendlela yokuphosa. Iintsimbi zentsimbi zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza ezinye iindawo ezintsonkothileyo ngenkangeleko, kunzima ukukhandwa okanye ukucolwa kwaye zifuna ukomelela okuphezulu kunye neplastiki. Ukungalungi kokuphoswa kwentsimbi kukuba xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ekhandiweyo, ukungalungi komngxuma wesanti kukhulu, kwaye umatshini usondelelene ngokuthe tye, kwaye amandla ocinezelo awalunganga njengentsimbi ekhandiweyo. Ngoko ke, iivalve zensimbi ezibunjiweyo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengendima ephambili kwiindawo eziphambili zepayipi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokushisa okuphezulu okuqhubekayo. Ukuqulunqa, ukunyathela, iplani yokuphucula iteknoloji yevalve yentsimbi: kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-** intloko yokwandisa, kwivalve yesango emva kofakelo kumjelo wokhuseleko (ukunyamezela ubungakanani beshaneli yokhuseleko lolawulo olufanelekileyo) njengesalathisi sokumisa, macala omabini ukwanda ngaxeshanye. Ivalve yentsimbi eyakhiweyo iphinde yanyanzeliswa ngaphezu koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesango ivelufa yokuphinda ubophe amandla, umngxuma womzimba wevalve uzisonge ngokuqinileyo ivelufa yesango yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, akukho msantsa, ubume obubambeneyo. Ngoko ke, umthwalo we-axial kufuneka ulawulwe ngokungqongqo. Xa ivalve yesango loxinzelelo oluphezulu icinezelekile kumzimba wevalvu, i-valve yomzimba kufuneka itshintshwe kumda we-elastic, ukuqinisekisa ukuba emva kokuba amandla okwandisa anyamalale, i-valve yomzimba we-valve ibuyele u-elasticity, igcwalise i-valve yesango loxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukuze banamathele omnye komnye, ukuze banciphise umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu we-axial. Ukuze ugweme ukufakwa ngokugqithiseleyo koxinzelelo lwasemhlabeni, amandla e-valve yentsimbi ekhandiweyo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesango lomsila wevalve ayilula ukuya phezulu, iplastiki elungileyo kunye namandla aphantsi, kunye nokulawula umthwalo wofakelo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuba i-valve yesango loxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusasazwa koxinzelelo lwevalvu emva kokunyanzeliswa kwe-rebound engaphantsi, kufuneka kubekho i-offset eyaneleyo, ukwenzela ukuba ubude becandelo lomsila wesango loxinzelelo oluphezulu lungabi ngaphantsi kabini ubukhulu bayo. Khetha "emva kokulayisha umshicileli" iteknoloji yokucubungula, inokuqinisekisa umgangatho, i-valve yentsimbi yokuvelisa i-valve ephezulu yokuvelisa i-valve yesango kunye nokusebenza kulungele, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini wokupakisha. Indlela yokutshisa i-plasma ye-arc yokubeka izinto ezikrwada zetekhnoloji yokusetyenzwa kwevalvu yesango emlonyeni wokutyisa i-plasma, umgubo uphantsi kobushushu obaneleyo, kodwa unganciphisi ukuchaphaza komgubo, ukuze kufunyanwe izinga eliphezulu lokunyibilika. Eyona nto ingalunganga yokutyisa umgubo emlonyeni kukuba i-alloy ye-aluminium etyhidiweyo inamathela emlonyeni. Ingxubevange ye-aluminiyam enyibilikisiweyo ibambelela kudonga lomlomo okanye i-inlet kunye ne-outlet kwinani elithile lilonke lokuwela kwi-pool yesisombululo, okukhokelela ekunyibilikeni kwamathontsi, kubi ngakumbi xa kuthintelwa umngxuma womlomo. Ukuze ugweme le meko ingentla, i-tungsten pole kunye nomngxuma we-nozzle kufuneka ibe ne-coaxiality ephezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-alloy powder ithunyelwa ngokulinganayo kwi-nozzle. Ukongezelela, ukuhamba okupheleleyo kwegesi yepowder kufuneka kube ngokufanelekileyo, kungabangela ukunyakaza kwe-cyclone. (1) Imodi yokutshisa i-Plasma arc (1) I-arc ye-plasma edibeneyo: i-arc engafudukiyo isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza i-alloy powder: i-arc efudukayo ayikwazi nje ukufudumala i-alloy powder, kodwa inyibilika umphezulu wezinto zokuqala. Kwi-self-fusible alloy powder surfacing, ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wokunyibilika kwe powdery, umphumo wee-arcs ezingafudukiyo awubonakali: xa ubeka umgubo ococekileyo kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika, umphumo we-arcs ongafudukiyo uyabonakala. Ukuwelda okungaphezulu kwamalungu amancinci kunye namancinci amaninzi athatha i-arc ye-plasma edibeneyo. (2) I-arc ye-plasma etshintshekayo: Ekubeni i-arc engatshintshiyo ayinayo indima ebalulekileyo, kwiindawo ezininzi kuphela i-arc edluliswayo isetyenziselwa ukuphumeza i-surfacing, enokugcina iseti yokutshintshwa kwamandla ombane. 3 ubunzulu bokunyibilika. Nangona oku kufudumeza kwe-arc kuthe saa, kusenokugcina ubume obaneleyo. I-arc ye-plasma kunye nale ndlela isetyenziselwa ukuphatha ukuhamba kwangoku kwe-arc ye-ion enhle. Ukuba ukuhamba kwangoku kuyanda, ukuchithwa kwe-nozzle kubi kakhulu, kodwa ukuphuhliswa kwamanzi okupholisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, le meko inokuphuculwa. Indlela ye-plasma arc ayifane isetyenziswe eTshayina. (2) Indlela yokuhambisa umgubo Okwangoku, iintlobo ezimbini zeendlela zokuhambisa umgubo zisetyenziswa: ukuhanjiswa komgubo ngaphakathi emlonyeni kunye nokuhanjiswa komgubo ngaphandle komlomo. Kumbhobho wokutyisa iplasma, umgubo uphantsi kokufudumeza okwaneleyo, kodwa nokunciphisa ukuchaphaza komgubo, unokufumana umlinganiselo ophezulu wokunyibilika. Eyona nto ingalunganga yokuthumela umgubo emlonyeni kukuba i-alloy ye-aluminium etyhidiweyo inamathela emlonyeni. Ingxubevange ye-aluminiyam enyibilikisiweyo ibambelela kudonga lomlomo okanye i-inlet kunye ne-outlet kwinani elithile lilonke lokuwela kwi-pool yesisombululo, okukhokelela ekunyibilikeni kwamathontsi, kubi ngakumbi xa kuthintelwa umngxuma womlomo. Ukuze ugweme le meko ingentla, i-tungsten pole kunye nomngxuma we-nozzle kufuneka ibe ne-coaxiality ephezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-alloy powder ithunyelwa ngokulinganayo kwi-nozzle. Ukongezelela, ukuhamba okupheleleyo kwegesi yepowder kufuneka kube ngokufanelekileyo, kungabangela ukunyakaza kwe-cyclone. Kwi-nozzle plasma surfacing, i-alloy powder ayithunyelwanga kwi-plasma arc ngaphandle kwe-nozzle, eyisombulula ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki yokuvuza kunye nokuvalwa kwe-nozzle. Ubunzulu bokunyibilika phantsi komgangatho ofanayo buncinci kunomgubo wokutyisa umlomo, oku kungenxa yokuba xa umlomo wokutyisa umgubo, i-cyclone engumgubo emlonyeni iye yafudumala kakhulu, kwaye yavuthelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pool yesisombululo, okukhokelela kumandla ongezelelweyo okuvuthela. : kwaye xa umlomo wokutyisa umgubo, amandla awongezelelweyo okuvuthela okubangelwa yi-powder gas ayancitshiswa. Izinto ezingalunganga zokuthumela umgubo ngaphandle komlomo yinqanaba elikhulu lokusabalalisa umgubo kunye nesantya esisezantsi se-aluminium alloy stacking. 3 I-Hydrogen plasma arc ine-low current, i-stable ignition, i-electrode encinci ye-tungsten kunye ne-nozzle ablation. Ezinye izicelo zaphesheya kweelwandle ziyi-70% ye-hydrogen kunye ne-30% ye-helium njengegesi okanye igesi engumgubo, eyenza amandla ombane osebenzayo we-plasma arc anyuke, kwaye ngaloo ndlela inamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. I-nitrogen ikwasebenza kakuhle njengegesi ekhuselayo, kodwa inqabile kwaye iyabiza. Ngaphantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okwaneleyo kunye ne-symmetry ye-plasma arc ukuthumela i-alloy powder, ukuhamba okupheleleyo kwegesi esebenzayo kunye negesi yokuhambisa umgubo kufuneka kuncitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze kuncitshiswe amandla okuvuthuza kwenkanyamba. Igesi yokukhusela idinga ukuhamba okupheleleyo okwaneleyo ukuze kusebenze. Ngenxa yokuba i-alloy powder ye-plasma arc surfacing ubukhulu becala iyazenzela, akukho gesi ekhuselayo ayinakuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kumgangatho wokuvela, kodwa umbhobho kulula kakhulu ukuba uchitheke ngaphandle kwesanti yesinyithi enyibilikisiweyo emdaka. Okona kugqwesileyo ubungakanani bamasuntswana omgubo wengxubevange yokujonga phezulu, kulula ukunyibilika, kodwa umgubo ocolekileyo kunzima ukufikelela kuwo. Umgubo obunzima kakhulu akulula ukunyibilika, kodwa kulula ukubhabha ngaphandle kwendawo engaphezulu, ukuze ilahleko yomgubo. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo besayizi yi-0.06 ukuya kwi-0.112mm (120 ukuya kwi-230 mesh / ft). Ukuze ugweme ukunyibilika komgubo kwi-nozzle ekhokelela kwiimeko zokuplaga, e-China kusetyenziswa umgubo ocolekileyo (40-120 mesh / ft) phezu komhlaba.