Umgaqo wonyango wevalve cryogenic kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo kushishino (ezimbini) indlela yokulungiselela imodeli yevalve eneenkcukacha umzobo

Umgaqo wonyango we-valve cryogenic kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo kushishino (ezimbini) indlela yokulungiselela imodeli yevalvu eneenkcukacha umzobo Indlela yonyango lwe-cryogenic isekwinqanaba lokuqala lophando. Ukuthetha ngokuthelekisayo, inkqubo ye-cryogenic yesinyithi (intsimbi kunye nentsimbi) ifundwe ngokucacileyo, ngelixa i-cryogenic mechanism yesinyithi esingenamvubelo kunye nezinye izinto azifundwanga kancinci, kwaye ayicacanga kakhulu, uhlalutyo lwendlela ekhoyo lusekelwe ngokusisiseko. izinto zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi. I-microstructure refinement iphumela ekomelezeni nasekuqiniseni i-workpiece. Oku kubhekiselele ikakhulu kuqhekeko lwee-slats zemartensite zangaphambili. Abanye abaphengululi bacinga ukuba i-martensite lattice constant itshintshile. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukulungiswa kwe-microstructure kubangelwa ukubola kwe-martensite kunye nemvula ye-carbides emihle. Uxhulumaniso oluphezulu: Umgaqo-siseko wonyango we-Valve cryogenic kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwezoshishino (1) 2. Indlela yonyango ye-Cryogenic Indlela yonyango ye-cryogenic isekho kwinqanaba lokuqala lophando. Ukuthetha ngokuthelekisayo, inkqubo ye-cryogenic yesinyithi (intsimbi kunye nentsimbi) ifundwe ngokucacileyo, ngelixa i-cryogenic mechanism yesinyithi esingenamvubelo kunye nezinye izinto azifundwanga kancinci, kwaye ayicacanga kakhulu, uhlalutyo lwendlela ekhoyo lusekelwe ngokusisiseko. izinto zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi. 2.1 Indlela ye-Cryogenic ye-alloy ferrous (intsimbi) Kwindlela yonyango ye-cryogenic yensimbi kunye nezixhobo zetsimbi, uphando lwasekhaya nangaphandle luye lwahamba phambili kwaye lunzulu, kwaye wonke umntu uye wafikelela kwisivumelwano, iimbono eziphambili zilandelayo. 2.1.1 Imvula ye-superfine carbides esuka kwi-martensite, ekhokelela ekugxineni kwe-dispersion, iqinisekiswe phantse zonke izifundo. Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba i-martensite i-cryogenic kwi--196 ℃ kwaye ngenxa yokunciphisa umthamo, i-lattice ye-Fe I-concentration inomdla wokunciphisa, ngaloo ndlela iqinisa amandla okuqhuba i-carbon atom precipitation. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ukusasazwa kunzima ngakumbi kwaye umgama wokusasazwa mfutshane kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, inani elikhulu le-ultrafine carbides elisasaziweyo liyancitshiswa kwimatrix ye-martensite. 2.1.2 Ukutshintsha kwe-austenite eshiyekileyo Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-Mf point), i-austenite eseleyo ibola kwaye iguqule ibe yi-martensite, ephucula ukuqina kunye namandla omsebenzi. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukupholisa i-cryogenic kunokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo i-austenite eseleyo. Abanye abaphengululi bafumanisa ukuba ukupholisa i-cryogenic kunokunciphisa kuphela inani le-austenite eseleyo, kodwa ayikwazanga ukuyiphelisa ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona kukholelwa ukuba ukupholisa kwe-cryogenic kutshintsha ukumila, ukusabalalisa kunye ne-substructure ye-austenite eseleyo, enenzuzo ekuphuculeni amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi. 2.1.3 Uphuculo loLungiselelo lweMicrostructure uphuculo lukhokelela ekomelezeni nasekuqiniseni iworkpiece. Oku kubhekiselele ikakhulu kuqhekeko lwee-slats zemartensite zangaphambili. Abanye abaphengululi bacinga ukuba i-martensite lattice constant itshintshile. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukulungiswa kwe-microstructure kubangelwa ukubola kwe-martensite kunye nemvula ye-carbides emihle. 2.1.4 Ukuxinezeleka okushiyekileyo kumphezulu Inkqubo yokupholisa inokubangela ukuhamba kweplastiki kwiziphene (ii-micropores, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi). Ngethuba lenkqubo yokufudumala, uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwenziwa phezu kwendawo engenanto, enokunciphisa umonakalo wesiphako kumandla wendawo wezinto eziphathekayo. Ukusebenza kokugqibela kuphuculo lokuxhatshazwa kwe-abrasive wear. 2.1.5 Unyango lwe-Cryogenic ludlulisela ngokuyinxenye amandla e-kinetic yee-athom zetsimbi Kukho zombini imikhosi ebophelelayo egcina ii-athomu zisondelelene kunye namandla e-kinetic azigcina zahlukene. Unyango lwe-cryogenic ludlulisela ngokuyinxenye amandla e-kinetic phakathi kwe-athomu, ngaloo ndlela yenza ukuba ii-athomu zibophe ngokusondeleyo kwaye ziphucule umxholo wesondo wesinyithi. 2.2 Indlela yonyango ye-Cryogenic ye-alloys engekho i-ferrous 2.2.1 Indlela yokusebenza yonyango lwe-cryogenic kwi-carbide ene-cemented Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba unyango lwe-cryogenic lunokuphucula ubunzima, amandla okuguquguquka, ukuqina kwempembelelo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwamagnetic kwe-carbides ene-cemented. Kodwa yenza ukuba ukungena kwayo kwehle. Ngokohlalutyo, indlela yonyango lwe-cryogenic ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: inxalenye ye-A -- Co iguqulwa ibe yi-ξ -- Co ngonyango lwe-cryogenic, kunye noxinzelelo oluthile olushiyekileyo lwenziwa kwi-surface layer 2.2.2 Indlela yokusebenza yonyango lwe-cryogenic ubhedu kunye nobhedu-based alloys Li Zhicao et al. wafunda umphumo wonyango lwe-cryogenic kwi-microstructure kunye neepropati ze-H62 zethusi. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba unyango lwe-cryogenic lunokunyusa umxholo we-β-phase kwi-microstructure, eyenza i-microstructure ithande ukuzinza, kwaye inokuphucula kakhulu ubunzima kunye namandla e-H62 yethusi. Kwakhona kunenzuzo ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa, ukuzinzisa ubungakanani kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokusika. Ukongeza, uCong Jilin kunye noWang Xiumin et al. yeYunivesithi yaseDalian yeTekhnoloji yafunda unyango lwe-cryogenic lwezixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-Cu, ngokukodwa i-CuCr50 i-vacuum yokutshintshela izinto zoqhagamshelwano, kwaye iziphumo zibonise ukuba unyango lwe-cryogenic lunokwenza i-microstructure icocwe kakhulu, kwaye kwakukho i-dialysis edibeneyo ekudibaneni kwee-alloys ezimbini. , kunye nenani elikhulu leengqungquthela ezigqithisiweyo kumphezulu wee-alloys ezimbini. Kufana ne-phenomenon ye-carbide enqanyuliwe kumda wengqolowa kunye ne-matrix surface yensimbi enesantya esiphezulu emva konyango lwe-cryogenic. Ukongezelela, emva kokunyangwa kwe-cryogenic, ukuchasana nokutshatyalaliswa kombane kwezinto zokudibanisa i-vacuum kuphuculwe. Iziphumo zophando lwe-cryogenic unyango lwe-electrode yethusi kumazwe angaphandle lubonisa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kombane kuphuculwe, i-deformation yeplastiki yokuphela kwe-welding iyancitshiswa, kwaye ubomi benkonzo buyanda phantse amaxesha angama-9. Nangona kunjalo, akukho theory ecacileyo malunga ne-mechanism ye-alloy yobhedu, enokuthi ibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-alloy yobhedu kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, elifana nokuguqulwa kwe-austenite eseleyo kwi-martensite kwintsimbi, kunye nokucocwa kwengqolowa. Kodwa inkqubo eneenkcukacha ayikagqitywa. 2.2.3 Impembelelo kunye nendlela yonyango lwe-cryogenic kwiipropati ze-nickel-based alloys Kukho iingxelo ezimbalwa malunga nonyango lwe-cryogenic lwe-alloys-based alloys. Kuxelwa ukuba unyango lwe-cryogenic lunokuphucula iplastiki ye-nickel-based alloys kunye nokunciphisa uvakalelo lwabo ekugxininiseni uxinzelelo. Inkcazo yababhali beencwadi kukuba ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo yezinto eziphathekayo kubangelwa unyango lwe-cryogenic, kwaye i-microcracks iphuhlisa ngokuchaseneyo. 2.2.4 Impembelelo kunye nendlela yonyango lwe-cryogenic kwiipropati ze-amorphous alloys Ngokubhekiselele kwimpembelelo yonyango lwe-cryogenic kwiipropati ze-amorphous alloys, i-Co57Ni10Fe5B17 ifundwe kwiincwadi, kwaye kufumaniseke ukuba unyango lwe-cryogenic lunokuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kokugqoka kwaye iipropathi zoomatshini bezinto ze-amorphous. Ababhali bakholelwa ukuba unyango lwe-cryogenic lukhuthaza ukubekwa kwezinto ezingenayo i-magnetic ebusweni, okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo esifana nokuphumla kwesakhiwo ngexesha le-crystallization. 2.2.5 Impembelelo kunye nendlela yonyango lwe-cryogenic kwi-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium-based alloy Aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloy cryogenic processing processing yi-hotspot kuphando lonyango lwasekhaya lwe-cryogenic kwiminyaka yamuva, uLi Huan kunye ne-chuan-hai jiang et al. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba unyango lwe-cryogenic lunokuphelisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwe-aluminium silicon carbide composite material kunye nokuphucula i-modulus yayo ye-elasticity, uxolo lwe-Shang Guang fang-wei jin kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba unyango lwe-cryogenic luphucula ukuzinza komlinganiselo we-aluminium alloy, ukunciphisa i-machining deformation. , ukuphucula amandla kunye nobunzima bezinto eziphathekayo, Nangona kunjalo, abazange baqhube uphando olucwangcisiweyo kwindlela ehambelana nayo, kodwa ngokubanzi bakholelwa ukuba uxinzelelo oluveliswa yiqondo lokushisa lwandisa ukuxinana kwe-dislocation kwaye kubangele. UChen Ding et al. ukusuka Central South University of Technology wafunda ngokucwangcisiweyo isiphumo unyango cryogenic kwiipropati ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo alloys aluminiyam. Bafumene i-phenomenon yokujikeleza kweenkozo ze-aluminium alloys ezibangelwa unyango lwe-cryogenic kuphando lwabo, kwaye bacebise uluhlu olutsha lweendlela zokuqinisa i-cryogenic ye-aluminium alloys. Ngokomgangatho we-GB / T1047-2005, i-diameter ye-valve ngumqondiso kuphela, omele ukudibanisa kwesimboli "DN" kunye nenombolo. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo abunakuba lixabiso ledayamitha yevalvu elinganisiweyo, kwaye elona xabiso ledayamitha yevalve lichazwe yimigangatho efanelekileyo. Ixabiso elilinganisiweyo ngokubanzi (iyunithi mm) aliyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-95% yexabiso lobungakanani obuqhelekileyo. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo buhlulwe kwi-metric system (uphawu: DN) kunye nenkqubo yaseBrithani (uphawu: NPS). Ivalve esemgangathweni yesizwe yinkqubo yemetric, kwaye ivalve esemgangathweni yaseMelika yinkqubo yaseBritane. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo loshishino, ukwakhiwa kweedolophu, ** kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, ithemba lemveliso yevalvu yaseTshayina yokuvelisa ibanzi, ishishini levalvu yexesha elizayo **, yasekhaya, yesimanjemanje, iya kuba lelona sikhokelo sophuhliso loshishino lwevalvu yexesha elizayo. Ukusukela ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo, ukudala imakethi entsha yamashishini evalvu, ukuze kuvumeleke amashishini kukhuphiswano oluya lusanda kushishino lwevalve yempompo ukuze uphile kunye nophuhliso. Kwimveliso yevalve kunye nophando kunye nophuhliso lwenkxaso yobugcisa, ivalve yasekhaya ayikho ngasemva kunevalve yangaphandle, ngokuchaseneyo, iimveliso ezininzi kwitekhnoloji nakwizinto ezintsha zinokuthelekiswa namashishini aphesheya, uphuhliso lweshishini levalve yasekhaya liqhubela phambili indlela yangoku. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yevalvu, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yesivalo kuyaqhubeka ukunwenwa, kwaye umgangatho ohambelana nevalvu nawo ubaluleke ngakumbi nangakumbi. Iimveliso zeshishini leValve zingene kwixesha lokuqamba izinto ezintsha, ayizizo kuphela iindidi zeemveliso ekufuneka zihlaziywe, ulawulo lwangaphakathi lweshishini nalo kufuneka lwenziwe nzulu ngokwemigangatho yoshishino. Idayamitha ye-Nominal kunye noxinzelelo lwegama levalve ye-GB/T1047-2005 esemgangathweni, i-diameter yegama levalve luphawu kuphela, olumelwe yindibaniselwano yesimboli "DN" kunye nenani, ubungakanani begama alinakuba ** ixabiso ledayamitha yevalve elinganisiweyo, elona xabiso ledayamitha ye-valve lichazwe yimigangatho efanelekileyo, ixabiso elilinganisiweyo ngokubanzi (iyunithi mm) aliyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-95% yexabiso lobungakanani obuqhelekileyo. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo buhlulwe kwi-metric system (uphawu: DN) kunye nenkqubo yaseBrithani (uphawu: NPS). Ivalve esemgangathweni yesizwe yinkqubo yemetric, kwaye ivalve esemgangathweni yaseMelika yinkqubo yaseBritane. Ixabiso le-metric DN limi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ixabiso elikhethiweyo le-DN limi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: DN10(idayamitha engu-10mm), DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN125, DN150, DN200, DN20, DN20, DN20 DN300, DN350, DN400, DN450, DN500, DN600, DN700, DN800, DN900, DN1000, DN1100, DN1200, DN1400,DN1600, DN2020, DN2020, DN2020, DN20200 , DN3000, DN3200, DN3500, DN4000 Ngokutsho kwe-GB/ Umgangatho we-T1048-2005, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-valve lukwangumqondiso, omele ukudibanisa kwesimboli "PN" kunye nenani. Uxinzelelo lwegama (iyunithi: iMpa Mpa) ayinakusetyenziselwa iinjongo zokubala, hayi ** elona xabiso lilinganisiweyo levalve, injongo yokusekwa koxinzelelo lwegama kukwenza lula ukucaciswa kwenani loxinzelelo lwevalvu, ekukhetheni , iiyunithi zokuyila, iiyunithi zokuvelisa kunye neeyunithi zokusetyenziswa zihambelana nemimiselo yedatha kufuphi nomgaqo, ukusekwa kobukhulu obuqhelekileyo nenjongo efanayo. Uxinzelelo oluncinci lwahlulwe kwinkqubo yaseYurophu (PN) kunye nenkqubo yaseMelika (> PN0.1 (uxinzelelo oluncinci 0.1mpa), PN0.6, PN1.0, PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63/64 , PN100/110, PN150/160, PN260, PN320, PN420 > Intshayelelo yolungiselelo lwevalvu Imodeli yevalve kufuneka ibonise uhlobo lwevalvu, imo yedrive, ifom yoqhagamshelo, iimpawu zesakhiwo, imathiriyeli yokutywina ngaphezulu, imathiriyeli yomzimba wevalvu kunye noxinzelelo lwegama kunye nezinye. Izinto zokumisela imodeli yevalvu ilungele ukuyilwa, ukukhethwa kunye nokuthengiswa kweevalvu kule mihla, kukho iintlobo ezininzi kunye nezixhobo zeevalvu, kwaye inkqubo yemodeli yeevalvu iya isiba nzima ngakumbi nangakumbi umgangatho wokusekwa kwemodeli yevalve, kodwa ngakumbi nangaphezulu ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso loshishino lwevalvu Apho ungenako ukusebenzisa inani eliqhelekileyo levalve entsha, umenzi ngamnye unokulungiswa ngokwemfuno zabo isetyenziswa kwiivalvu zesango, iivalvu ze-throttle, iivalvu zebhola, iivalve zebhabhathane, iivalve ze-diaphragm, iivalve zeplunger, iivalvu ze-PLUG, iivalvu zokutshekisha, iivalvu zokhuseleko, iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, imigibe njalo njalo kwimibhobho yoshishino. Ibandakanya imodeli yevalve kunye nokubekwa kwevalvu. Imodeli yevalve indlela yolungiselelo olukhethekileyo Oku kulandelayo yidayagram yolandelelwano lwekhowudi nganye kwindlela yokubhala yevalvu eqhelekileyo: Imodeli yevalufa yokulungiselela ulandelelwano idayagramu Ukuqonda umzobo ongasekhohlo linyathelo lokuqala lokuqonda imifuziselo yeevalvu ezahlukeneyo. Nanku umzekelo wokukunika ukuqonda ngokubanzi: Uhlobo lwevalvu: "Z961Y-100> "Z" yiyunithi 1; "9" ziiyunithi ezi-2; "6" ziiyunithi ezi-3; "1" ziiyunithi ezi-4; "Y" yeyeyunithi ezi-5 "I-100" yiyunithi yesi-7. Iyunithi yoku-1: Ikhowudi yodidi lwevalvu Kwiivalvu ezineminye imisebenzi okanye ngezinye iindlela ezikhethekileyo, yongeza igama lesiTshayina phambi kwekhowudi yohlobo lwevalvu Ngoonobumba bealfabhethi, ngokwale theyibhile ilandelayo: Iiyunithi ezimbini: imo yothumelo Iyunithi 3: Uhlobo loqhagamshelo Iyunithi yesine: Uhlobo lwesakhiwo Ikhowudi yefom yevalvu yesango Ikhowudi yefom yefom yevalvu yesakhiwo