Ukuhlolwa kweValve kunye namanyathelo okukhetha Ukusilela kweValve ngokuyinxenye izizathu kunye nokugcinwa

Ukuhlolwa kweValve kunye namanyathelo okukhetha Ukungaphumeleli kwe-valve inxalenye kunye nokugcinwa Uvavanyo lwentsebenzo: ukusebenza okusisiseko kwevalve kubandakanya amandla, ukutywinwa, ukuchasana nokuhamba, isenzo kunye nobomi benkonzo kwimiba emihlanu. Iimveliso zeValve phambi kokuba umzi-mveliso ube novavanyo lwamandla kunye nokutywinwa kovavanyo lokusebenza, kwezinye iivalvu ezibaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka zibe kwiisampulu zebhetshi zokumelana nokuhamba, isenzo kunye nobomi benkonzo imiba emithathu yovavanyo lokusebenza, ukuze ivalve yokhuseleko yenza uxinzelelo oluvulekileyo, uxinzelelo lwasemva. kunye novavanyo lokufuduswa; Kuba ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukwenza uvavanyo lovakalelo; Ukuze umgibe wenze uvavanyo lokufuduswa... Ukuhlolwa kwevalvu Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso yeevelufa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokwemigangatho yesizwe efanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho yoshishino. Ukuba kufuneka isatifikethi esifanelekileyo, nceda usicacise xa ufaka iodolo, kwaye iifizi ezifanelekileyo ziya kubizwa ngokungqinelana nomxholo wovavanyo. 1 Ukuhlolwa komzi-mveliso weevalvu kudla ngokubandakanya oku kuqulathwe kulandelayo zintathu: ● Khangela ukuba ingaba i-material, blank, machining and assembly of the valves iyahambelana nemigangatho yobugcisa; ● Uvavanyo lwentsebenzo: ukusebenza okusisiseko kwevalve kubandakanya amandla, ukutywinwa, ukuchasana nokuhamba, isenzo kunye nobomi benkonzo yeenkalo ezintlanu. Iimveliso zeValve phambi kokuba umzi-mveliso ube novavanyo lwamandla kunye nokutywinwa kovavanyo lokusebenza, kwezinye iivalvu ezibaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka zibe kwiisampulu zebhetshi zokumelana nokuhamba, isenzo kunye nobomi benkonzo imiba emithathu yovavanyo lokusebenza, ukuze ivalve yokhuseleko yenza uxinzelelo oluvulekileyo, uxinzelelo lwasemva. kunye novavanyo lokufuduswa; Kuba ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukwenza uvavanyo lovakalelo; Ukuze umgibe wenze uvavanyo lokufuduswa; ● Amanqaku okuhlolwa kunye nepeyinti yesitshizi sokuchonga, ukupakishwa kunye neminye imiba ihambelana nezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo, isatifikethi semveliso kunye nemiyalelo yemveliso kunye namanye amaxwebhu obugcisa agqityiwe. ● Ukujonga ubungakanani: lawula ubungakanani besiphelo sokudibanisa kunye nomgama phakathi kweendawo. (Umzobo 1) Uhlobo oludityanisiweyo lwevalve yebhola ekwicala lokunyusela Ukwaziswa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuhlola kwinkqubo yokwenziwa ● Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali Ngaphambi kokuphoswa, ukubunjwa kweziko ngalinye kuhlalutywa ngohlalutyi lwe-spectral, kwaye ukubunjwa kuyafaneleka phambi kokuphosa ● I-Metallography, iiparamitha zeempawu zomatshini, ukuqina. ◆ unyango Ubushushu (austenitic steel stainless CF8, CF8M, CF3M kunye nolunye unyango isisombululo eqinileyo; Emva normalizing carbon steel), uhlalutyo metallographic lwenziwa kunye neefoto metallographic zishiywe. Abangafanelanga ukujika ulandelelwano ◆ Xa uphosa, iziko ngalinye linemivalo yovavanyo eyi-2 kunye neziqwenga ezi-2 zovavanyo (ezineemveliso ezifanayo zesithando somlilo zinenani elifanayo lomlilo wokulandelela ulawulo), emva konyango lobushushu -- (Umfanekiso 2) ivalve yebhola enamacala amabini ① Enye yeentonga zovavanyo yathathwa ukuze yenze uvavanyo lwe-tensile ngomatshini wokuvavanya ukuqina ukuze kufumaneke iiparitha zoomatshini ezinxulumene neparameters: amandla okuqina, amandla esivuno, ukunyusa, ukuncipha kwendawo ② Omnye wemizekelo wavavanywa ngumvavanyi wobulukhuni beBrinell ukufumana ubulukhuni bexabiso le-HB; Ukuba kuyimfuneko, zinqumle zibe ngamaqhekeza ovavanyo lwempembelelo kunye novavanyo lwempembelelo yomatshini wokuvavanya, ukufumana ixabiso lempembelelo (3) Intonga yokuvavanya eseleyo kunye nebloko yovavanyo e-1 yokugcinwa, kunye novavanyo lutshatyalalisiwe intonga yovavanyo kunye nebhloko yovavanyo kunye Ibhloko yovavanyo lokuphonononga isithando somlilo esidityaniswe ndawonye, ​​sigcinwe kwindawo yokugcina intonga yovavanyo iminyaka emibini (Umfanekiso 3) uhlobo oludityanisiweyo lwevalve yebhola engaphezulu. ukuxhathisa kwe-12 VDC, ngokwe-API608 ukumelana ≤10 ohms (Qaphela: Isantya esiphezulu ngokusebenzisa ulwelo olungaphakathi kumbhobho, ukukhuhlana kulula ukuvelisa umbane ongatshintshiyo, kuba ukufakwa kombane, isihlalo esithambileyo, njenge-PTFE umbhobho wokugquma ivalve yebhola kunye nevalve Umzimba, kubangela ukunyuka kwe-electrostatic yendawo okanye ukugxila, kulula ukuvelisa umngcipheko xa kukho intlantsi, ngoko ke kufuneka ube noyilo lwesixhobo soxinaniso lwe-antistatic, imithetho ye-API608 phakathi kwesikhondo sevalve kunye nomzimba wevalvu yokumelana nomqhubi kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-10 Ω) ixabiso letorque ephantsi. Emva kwe-6Kg/cm2 yovavanyo loxinzelelo lomoya lwevalvu, ixabiso letorque yesivalo lifunyanwa ngemitha ye-torsion kwindawo ecocekileyo nengenaoyile ● Uvavanyo lobomi Yonke imveliso entsha ephuhlisiwe, okanye umzimba wevalvu, isivalo sevalvu, isitulo sevalve, isikhondo sevalve kunye ibhokisi yokupakisha ubungakanani botshintsho loyilo loyilo, okanye isihlalo sevalve, ukupakisha utshintsho lwemathiriyeli, kuya kusebenzisa umatshini wokuvavanya ubomi ukwenza uvavanyo lobomi amanyathelo okukhetha iValve ● Iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi ephambili yevalvu ishwankathelwa kwiThebhile 11 kunye neTheyibhile 12 ● Idayamitha yegama okanye ukuhamba - bhekisa kwikhathalogu yomenzi ukukhetha idiamitha yevalvu efanelekileyo ● Uxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo -- ubushushu -- Jonga kwiTheyibhile 3: Uxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo lwevalve yentsimbi eqhelekileyo -- itheyibhile yobushushu ● Ifomu yetheminali yevalvu -- bona icandelo langaphambili (FIG. 4) Ivalve yebhola eneziqwenga ezithathu ● Isixhobo solwakhiwo lwevalvu -- ukumelana nomhlwa, ubushushu. Jonga kwiTheyibhile 4: umda wobushushu ekukhetheni izixhobo zezindlu zevalvu; Itheyibhile 5: Umda wobushushu bokufakelwa okukhethekileyo kweevalvu; Itheyibhile 6: itafile yokumelana nokubola kwezinto zetsimbi; Itheyibhile 7: Uluhlu lokumelana nokhukuliseko lwemathiriyeli Itheyibhile 8: Izixhobo zesitulo esithambileyo esiqhelekileyo sobushushu obusebenzayo ● Ifomu yokugquma ivalvu -- uhlobo lwendibaniselwano yamazinyo; Uhlobo olufakwe ngebhanti; Uhlobo lwe-welding ye-circumferential; Ukutywinwa koxinzelelo; Ukudityaniswa okungafunekiyo ● Iimfuno zesakhiwo esikhethekileyo -- ngokosetyenziso lobushushu, iindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye neemfuno ezikhethekileyo ■ Uthintelo lomlilo kunye noyilo oluchasayo. Kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalasela eyodwa kuyilo nokusetyenziswa kweevalvu zebhola ■ Uyilo lwebhonethi eyandisiweyo. Isetyenziswa kwivalve yokukhenkcisa ukuhambisa igesi enyibilikisiweyo ■ Unyino lwengxolo kunye ne-cavitation. Ngokukodwa kuyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweevalvu zolawulo ■ Uyilo lwereferensi yengxowa yokwandisa ngokuchasene nokupakisha ukuvuza. ● Imo yokusebenza -- bona ezininzi ezichazwe kwicandelo 1.1 ngasentla. Ngokubanzi kuphela kwindawo yofakelo, ukusebenza, iimeko zokusebenza okanye amaxesha, kunye nombane, ukuqwalaselwa kwesixhobo sokuqhuba umbane; Kodwa ngenxa yoqoqosho kunye nokuqina kwevili lesandla okanye isinciphisi segiya, isasetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi. Itheyibhile 11 Iimpawu zevalve ngokubanzi Iimbangela kunye nokugcinwa kokungaphumeleli kwevalve ngokuyinxenye Ukupakisha ukuvuza Unobangela wengxaki ● Ukukhetha kwesigcwali akuchanekanga, kwaye indawo etshisayo, ubushushu, uxinzelelo aluhambelani. ● Ufakelo lokupakisha aluchanekanga, ngakumbi ukupakishwa okupheleleyo kwindawo yokugcina, kulula ukuvelisa ukuvuza. ● Ukuzalisa ngaphaya kwexesha lokusetyenziswa, kuye kwaguga, ukulahlekelwa kwe-elasticity. ● Inani elingonelanga lemisesane yokupakisha. ● Ukuchaneka kokulungiswa kwesiqu okanye ukugqiba komphezulu akwanelanga, okanye ukwakheka kweellipticity, okanye inotshi. ● Ukusebenza okungafanelekanga, amandla amaninzi. Iindlela zogcino ● Izixhobo zokugcwalisa kunye nohlobo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweemeko zokusebenza. ● Gcoba, ingcambu yekhoyili kufuneka ibekwe kwaye icinezelwe ngokujikelezayo, ukudibanisa kufuneka kube ngama-30 okanye ama-45. ● Ukuguga kunye nokupakisha okonakalisiwe kufuneka kutshintshwe ngexesha. ● Isigcwalisi kufuneka sifakwe ngokwenani elichaziweyo lokujika. ● Gcina imigaqo yokusebenza, ngaphandle kohlobo lwevili lesandla, elinesantya esifanayo kunye nokusebenza kwamandla okuqhelekileyo. ● Iibholithi zedlala kufuneka ziqiniswe ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo. Ukuvuza kwi-gasket kutheni ● Igaskithi ayixhathisi kumhlwa, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ivacuum, ubushushu obuphezulu okanye obuphantsi. ● Ukusebenza akugudi, kubangela uxinzelelo lwevalvu, ukuguquguquka kobushushu. ● Amandla oxinzelelo lwe-gasket awanele. ● Indibano engafanelekanga ye-gasket, amandla angalinganiyo. ● Umphezulu we-gasket urhabaxa, uxutywe nezinto zangaphandle. Iindlela zogcino ● Izinto zegasket kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweemeko zokusebenza. ● Lungisa ngononophelo, ukusebenza ngokutyibilikayo. ● Iibholithi kufuneka ziqiniswe ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo. ● Ukudibanisa i-gasket kufuneka ibe namandla afanayo, i-gasket ayivumelekanga ukuba iqhube kwaye isebenzise i-gasket kabini. ● Nika ingqalelo ekucoceni xa ufaka iigaskets, kwaye ucoce indawo yokutywina ngeparafini. Ukuvuza kumphezulu wokutywina kutheni ● Umphezulu wokutywina awulingani kwaye awukwazi ukwenza umgca ongqongqo. ● Isiqu kunye neendawo ezivalayo zeziko loqhagamshelo zijinga, zithe ngqo okanye zigugile. ● Ukugotywa kwesiqu okanye ukudibanisa akuchanekanga, ukuze iindawo zokuvala zijike. ● Ukukhetha okungafanelekanga kokutywinwa kwezinto ezingaphezulu, ukutywinwa kwe-corrosion, ukukhukuliseka, ukunxiba. ● Umphezulu kunye nonyango lobushushu olungahambelani nemigaqo yokusebenza, ukuguga, umhlwa, iintanda, njl.njl. ● Umphezulu wokutywina uyaxobuka. Iindlela zokuyigcina ● Ukutywina umphezulu wokugaya, izixhobo zokugaya, ukhetho lwe-abrasive agent lufanelekile, emva kokuhlolwa kombala wokugaya, ukutywinwa kwendawo ngaphandle kokungena, iintanda, ukukrazula kunye nezinye iziphene. ● Iziko eliphezulu lokudibanisa phakathi kwesiqu kunye nenxalenye yokuvala ayihambelani neemfuno, kufuneka inqunywe, isikhungo esiphezulu kufuneka sibe ne-axial clearance phakathi kwe-stem shoulder kunye nenxalenye yokuvala ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-2. mm. ● Yolula kwaye ugobe isiqu, lungisa isiqu, i-stem nut, iindawo zokuvala, isihlalo kwi-axis eqhelekileyo. ● Ukukhethwa kokumelana ne-corrosion, ukumelana ne-abrasion kunye nokunye ukusebenza ngokuhambelana neemeko zokusebenza kwendawo yokutywinwa. ● I-valve ephezulu yokushisa, emva kokuvala i-shrinkage ebandayo ibonakala i-seam ecocekileyo, emva kokuvala ikhefu lexesha elithile ukuvala kwakhona. ● Ukunqumla i-valve ye-valve, engavumelekanga ukusebenzisa i-valve ye-throttle, i-valve yokunciphisa, i-valve yokunciphisa, i-valve yokuvala kufuneka ivule ngokupheleleyo okanye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo, ukuba imfuneko yokulungelelanisa ukuhamba okuphakathi kunye noxinzelelo, kufuneka ibekwe ngokwahlukileyo i-valve ye-throttle kunye ne-valve yokunciphisa. ● Umphezulu wokutywina ongenakuhlengahlengiswa kufuneka utshintshwe ngexesha. Isiqwenga sokuvala kutheni ● Ukusebenza kakubi, ukuze iindawo zokuvala zibambelele okanye ngaphezu kwendawo efileyo ephezulu, ukuphuka komonakalo odibeneyo. ● Amalungu okuvala awadityaniswanga ngokuqinileyo, akhulule kwaye awele. ● Izinto zokudibanisa azilungile, azikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-medium and mechanical wear. Iindlela zogcino ● Ukuze isebenze ngokuchanekileyo, vala ivalve ayinakuba nzima kakhulu, vula ivalve ayinakudlula indawo efileyo ephezulu, ivalve ivuleke ngokupheleleyo, ivili lesandla kufuneka lijikwe kancinane. ● Ukudibanisa phakathi kwamacandelo okuvala kunye nesiqu kufuneka kuchaneke kwaye kuqine, kwaye akufanele kubekho iindawo zokubuyela ekudibaneni kwentambo. ● I-fasteners edibanisa iindawo zokuvala kunye ne-valve stem kufuneka imelane nokubola kwendawo ephakathi, kwaye ibe namandla athile omatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqoka, iindawo zokuvala ziyawa nangona zinqabile, kodwa ziyingozi kakhulu iphoso. Isiqu asiguquguquki kutheni ● Isiqu sevalve kunye namalungu aso ahambelanayo anobuchwephesha obuphantsi bokuchaneka kunye nokucoceka okuncinci kakhulu. ● I-axes yesiqu, i-stem nut, isibiyeli, idlala kunye nokupakishwa azikho kumgca othe tye. ● Ukupakisha kuxinene kakhulu. ● Isiqu sigobile kwaye sonakele. ● Umsonto awucocekanga okanye awunomhlwa, iimeko zokuthambisa kakubi. ● Amandongomane aqhawuke, ucingo olutyibilikayo. ● Udibaniso phakathi kwesikhondo sevalve kunye nesixhobo sothumelo lukhululekile okanye lonakele. Iindlela zogcino ● Ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokulungiswa kunye nokulungiswa komgangatho we-stem kunye ne-stem nut, ukuze ukukhutshwa kufanele kube ngokufanelekileyo. ● Isiqu sendibano kunye nokufakelwa, ukucocwa kuyahambelana, kugxininise, ukujikeleza okuguquguqukayo. ● Ukupakisha kuxinene kakhulu, khulula idlala kakuhle. ● Ukugotywa kwesiqu kufuneka kulungiswe, kube nzima ukukulungisa, kufuneka kutshintshwe. Sebenzisa isiqu ngamandla okuvala afanelekileyo. ● Imisonto yesiqu, i-stem nut ifanele ngokufuthi icoce ize yongeze ioli yokuthambisa, kwiivalvuvu zobushushu obuphakamileyo, ifanele iqatywe ngephini le-disulfide okanye umgubo wegraphite ukuze kuthanjiswe. ● I-Stem nut ekhululekileyo kufuneka ilungiswe, ayinakulungiswa kwangethuba ukuze ibuyiselwe. ● Yenza i-oyile ye-nut igudiswe, i-lubrication elungileyo, musa ukusebenzisa ivalve rhoqo, ukukhangela rhoqo kunye nomsebenzi wesiqu, ukufumanisa ukuguga kunye nokuluma, ukulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo le-stem nut, isibiyeli kunye nezinye izincedisi. ● Ukusebenzisa ivalve ngokuchanekileyo, amandla okuvala kufuneka afaneleke ukuthintela ukuguquka kwesikhondo nokonakala. ● Emva kokuvala, xa ivalve ifudunyezwa yaza yandiswa, emva kokuba ivalve ivaliwe, kwisithuba esithile, jika ivili lesandla ngasekunene ukuze uthintele ukubulawa kwesiqu. , Ukuvuza komzimba kunye nebhonethi kutheni ● Umzimba wevalvu unomngxuma wesanti okanye intanda. ● I-Valve body tensile crack ngexesha lokulungiswa kwe-welding. Iindlela zogcino ● Indawo ekurhaneleka ukuba yecrack iya kugudiswa, kunye ne-4% ye-nitric acid etching isisombululo, esifana neentanda zinokuboniswa. ● Gcoba okanye ubuyisele intanda.