Ihamile yamanzi ibizwa ngokuba yihamile yamanzi ngenxa ye-inertia yoxinzelelo lokuhamba kwamanzi xa umbane unqunyulwa ngokukhawuleza okanye ivalve ivalwe ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo evelisa i-wave flow shock wave, kanye njengesando esibethayo. Amandla angasemva naphambili amaza othuso lwamanzi ngamanye amaxesha anokuba makhulu kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela wonakalise ivalve kunye nempompo yamanzi.
Xa i-valve evulekileyo ivaliwe ngokukhawuleza, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuya kuvelisa uxinzelelo kwi-valve kunye nodonga lombhobho. Ngenxa yodonga lombhobho olugudileyo, ukuhamba kwamanzi okulandelayo ngokukhawuleza kufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu phantsi kwesenzo se-inertia kwaye kuvelisa umphumo owonakalisayo, oko kukuthi "umphumo wesando samanzi" kwi-hydrodynamics, oko kukuthi, isando samanzi esilungileyo. Lo mba kufuneka uqwalaselwe ekwakhiweni kombhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi.
Ngokuphambene noko, emva kokuba i-valve evaliweyo ivulwe ngokukhawuleza, iya kuvelisa isando samanzi, esibizwa ngokuba yi-hammer yamanzi engalunganga, ebuye ibe namandla athile okutshabalalisa, kodwa ayinkulu njengangaphambili. Xa iyunithi yempompo yamanzi yombane ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza okanye iqaliswe, iya kubangela impembelelo yoxinzelelo kunye nefuthe lehamile yamanzi. Lo maza othusayo woxinzelelo asasazeka ecaleni kombhobho, onokukhokelela ngokulula kuxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwasekhaya lombhobho, okukhokelela ekugqabhukeni kwemibhobho kunye nokonakala kwesixhobo. Ke ngoko, ukukhuselwa kwempembelelo yehamile yamanzi kuye kwaba yenye yetekhnoloji ephambili yobunjineli bokubonelela ngamanzi.
Iimeko zehamile yamanzi
1. Ukuvulwa okanye ukuvalwa ngokukhawuleza kwevalve;
2. Ukumisa ngequbuliso okanye ukuqala kweyunithi yempompo yamanzi;
3. Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ukusuka kumbhobho omnye ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo (umahluko wokuphakama komgangatho wonikezelo lwamanzi ungaphezu kwe-20m);
4. Intloko epheleleyo (okanye uxinzelelo lokusebenza) yempompo yamanzi inkulu;
5. Isantya sokuhamba ngokugqithisileyo kumbhobho wothumelo lwamanzi;
6. Umbhobho wamanzi mde kakhulu kwaye umhlaba uyatshintsha kakhulu.
Ubungozi besiphumo sehamile yamanzi
Ukunyuka koxinzelelo okubangelwa yihamile yamanzi kunokufikelela kumaxesha amaninzi okanye namaxesha amaninzi oxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza lombhobho. Iingozi zolu tshintsho olukhulu loxinzelelo kwinkqubo yombhobho ikakhulu ziquka:
1. Yenza ukungcangcazela okuqinileyo kombhobho kwaye uqhawule umdibaniso wombhobho;
2. Ivalve yonakele, kwaye uxinzelelo olubi luphezulu kakhulu, olukhokelela ekuqhumeni kombhobho kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lothungelwano lonikezelo lwamanzi;
3. Ngokuphambene noko, uxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu luya kukhokelela ekuweni kombhobho kunye nokonakalisa i-valve kunye neengxenye zokulungisa;
4. Yenza ukuba impompo ibuyele umva, yonakalise izixhobo okanye umbhobho kwigumbi lokumpompa, ukuntywila ngokunzulu igumbi lokupompoza, kubangele abantu ababuleweyo kunye nezinye iingozi ezinkulu, kwaye kuchaphazele imveliso kunye nobomi.
Amanyathelo okukhusela ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa isando samanzi
Kukho amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela kwisando samanzi, kodwa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kufuneka athathwe ngokwezinto ezinokubangela ihamile yamanzi.
1. Ukunciphisa isantya sokuhamba kombhobho wothumelo lwamanzi kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwehamile yamanzi ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, kodwa kuya kwandisa ububanzi bombhobho wothumelo lwamanzi kwaye kwandise utyalo-mali lweprojekthi. Ngexesha loyilo lombhobho wothumelo lwamanzi, ihump okanye utshintsho olubukhali lwethambeka luya kuphetshwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ubungakanani behamile yepompo yokumisa amanzi inxulumene ikakhulu nentloko yejometri yendlu yempompo. Ukuphakama kwentloko yejometri, ixabiso elikhulu lesando sokumisa amanzi sempompo. Ngoko ke, intloko yempompo enengqiqo iya kukhethwa ngokwemeko yendawo yangempela. Emva kokuvalwa kwempompo ngexesha likaxakeka, impompo iya kuqaliswa emva kokuba umbhobho osemva kwevalve yokutshekisha uzaliswe ngamanzi. Xa uqala umpompo, musa ukuvula ngokupheleleyo i-valve yokuphuma yepompo, ngaphandle koko iya kuvelisa impembelelo enkulu yamanzi. Iingozi ezinkulu zehamile zamanzi kwizikhululo ezininzi zokumpompa zibangelwa kakhulu kule meko.
2. Cwangcisa isixhobo sokuphelisa isando samanzi
(1) Itekhnoloji yokulawula uxinzelelo rhoqo yamkelwa:
Njengoko uxinzelelo lombhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi womnatha lutshintsha rhoqo kunye nokutshintsha kweemeko zokusebenza, uxinzelelo oluphantsi okanye uxinzelelo luhlala lusenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo, elula ukuvelisa isando samanzi, okubangela umonakalo kwimibhobho kunye nezixhobo, ulawulo oluzenzekelayo. inkqubo yamkelwa ukondla umva isiqalo, ukumisa kunye nolawulo isantya impompo yamanzi ngokubhaqa uxinzelelo wombhobho womnatha, ukulawula ukuhamba, kwaye ke ukugcina inqanaba elithile loxinzelelo, Uxinzelelo lonikezelo lwamanzi impompo inokumiselwa ngokulawula i i-microcomputer ukugcina uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lonikezelo lwamanzi, unqande ukuguquguquka okugqithisileyo koxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa ukubanakho kwehamile yamanzi.
(2) Faka isixhobo sokuphelisa ihamile yamanzi
Isixhobo sisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukukhusela isando samanzi ekumiseni impompo. Idla ngokufakelwa kufutshane nombhobho wokuphuma wempompo yamanzi. Uxinzelelo lombhobho ngokwawo lusetyenziswa njengamandla okuqonda isenzo esizenzekelayo soxinzelelo oluphantsi, oko kukuthi, xa uxinzelelo kumbhobho lungaphantsi kwexabiso elimiselweyo lokukhusela, indawo yokukhupha amanzi iya kuvula ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhulula amanzi kunye noxinzelelo, ukuze ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemibhobho yendawo kunye nokuthintela impembelelo yehamile yamanzi kwisixhobo kunye nombhobho, Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-eliminator inokwahlulwa ibe yintlobo yomatshini kunye nohlobo lwe-hydraulic. Emva kokuba i-mechanical eliminator isebenze, inokubuyiselwa ngesandla, kwaye i-hydraulic eliminator inokubuyiselwa ngokuzenzekelayo.
(3) Fakela ivalve yokuvala ecothayo kumbhobho ophumayo wempompo yamanzi edayamitha enkulu
Inokuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo ihamile yamanzi yokuvalwa kwempompo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho umlinganiselo othile wokubuyela emva kwamanzi xa isivalo sisebenza, iqula lokufunxa kufuneka libe nombhobho ophuphumayo. Ivalve yokujonga ukuvala kancinane ineendidi ezimbini: uhlobo lwehamile enzima kunye nohlobo lokugcina amandla. Ixesha lokuvala i-valve linokulungelelaniswa phakathi koluhlu oluthile njengoko lufunwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ivalve ivalwe nge-70% ~ 80% ngaphakathi kwe-3 ~ 7 s emva kokungaphumeleli kombane, kwaye i-20% ~ 30% eseleyo ixesha lokuvala lihlengahlengiswa ngokwemiqathango yempompo yamanzi kunye nombhobho, ngokubanzi kuluhlu lwe-10 ~ 30 s. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa kukho i-hump kumbhobho wokudibanisa isando samanzi, ivalve yokujonga ukuvala ngokucothayo isebenza kakhulu.
(4) Enye indlela iSurge Tower
Iya kwakhiwa kufutshane nesikhululo sempompo okanye kwindawo efanelekileyo yombhobho, kwaye umphakamo wetanki yokuphuma kwendlela enye iya kuba ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lombhobho apho. Xa uxinzelelo kumbhobho lungaphantsi kumphakamo wamanzi kwinqaba, itanki yokutyhutyha yenza amanzi ukuya kumbhobho ukukhusela intsika yamanzi ekuqhawukeni kunye nokuphepha ukuvala ihamile yamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yayo yokudakumba kwihamile yamanzi ngaphandle kwehamile yokumisa amanzi yokumpompa, efana nehamile yokuvala ivalve yamanzi, ilinganiselwe. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwevalve yendlela enye esetyenziswe kwindlela enye yokulawula uxinzelelo kuya kuthembeka ngokupheleleyo. Nje ukuba ivalve ingasebenzi, inokukhokelela kwiingozi ezinkulu
(5) Umbhobho we-bypass (i-valve) usetwe kwisikhululo sokumpompa
Ngethuba lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yempompo, i-valve yokukhangela ivaliwe ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwicala loxinzelelo lwamanzi lwempompo luphezulu kunelo kwicala lokufunxa amanzi. Xa umpompo unqanyulwe ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwamandla, uxinzelelo ekuphumeni kwesikhululo sempompo yamanzi luyancipha ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa uxinzelelo lwecala lokufunxa lukhuphuka ngokukhawuleza. Phantsi kolu xinzelelo lwantlukwano, amanzi adlulayo anoxinzelelo oluphezulu kumbhobho ophambili wokufunxa ngamanzi oxinzelelo ophantsi otyhalayo ipleyiti yevalve yokujonga ukuba iye kumbhobho oyintloko wamanzi acinezelekileyo, kwaye inyusa uxinzelelo lwamanzi aphantsi apho; Kwelinye icala, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwehamile yamanzi kwicala lokufunxa lempompo yamanzi nako kuncitshisiwe. Ngale ndlela, ukunyuka kwehamile yamanzi kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo kumacala omabini kwisikhululo sokumpompa amanzi kulawulwa, ukuze kuncitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kuthintele ukulimala kwehamile yamanzi.
(6) Cwangcisa ivalve yokujonga izigaba ezininzi
Kumbhobho omde wothumelo lwamanzi, ivalve enye okanye ngaphezulu yokutshekisha yongezwa ukwahlula umbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi ube ngamacandelo amaninzi, kwaye iivalve zokukhangela zibekwe kwicandelo ngalinye. Xa amanzi kumbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi ebuyela emva kwinkqubo yehamile yamanzi, ivalve nganye yokutshekisha ivaliwe ngokulandelelana ukwahlula ukuhamba kwe-backwash kumacandelo amaninzi. Ngenxa yokuba intloko ye-hydrostatic kwicandelo ngalinye lombhobho wokuhanjiswa kwamanzi (okanye icandelo lokuhamba kwe-backwash) lincinci kakhulu, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwehamile yamanzi kuyancipha. Lo mlinganiso wokukhusela unokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwimeko yokwahlukana okukhulu kokunikezelwa kwamanzi ejometri; Nangona kunjalo, ukukwazi ukuhlukana kweekholomu zamanzi akukwazi ukupheliswa. Intlupheko yayo enkulu kukuba amandla okusetyenziswa kwempompo yamanzi ayanda kwaye iindleko zokuhanjiswa kwamanzi zinyuka ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo.
(7) Ukukhupha ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nezixhobo zokuzalisa umoya zibekwe kwiindawo eziphezulu zombhobho ukunciphisa impembelelo yehamile yamanzi kumbhobho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-26-2021
