Ngenxa yomonakalo ongaba khona ngalezi zinjini ezivela ezintweni ezinjengokungeniswa kwamanzi, ukugqwala, izingxenye ezixegayo noma eziphukayo, kanye nezinye izinkinga eziningi, ukuhlala uphezu kokunakekelwa kwenjini yakho yasolwandle kubalulekile.
Isisho sakudala esithi isikebhe siwumgodi emanzini ophonsa imali, sikhona ngesizathu izikebhe, futhi izinjini zazo, zibiza kakhulu. Kudingeka ngempela amaphakethe ajulile ukukhokhela izinjini zasolwandle ezisezingeni eliphezulu kwasekuqaleni futhi uzigcine zisesimweni esiphezulu.
Ngenxa yomonakalo ongaba khona ngalezi zinjini ezivela ezintweni ezinjengokungeniswa kwamanzi, ukugqwala, izingxenye ezixegayo noma eziphukayo, kanye nezinye izinkinga eziningi, ukuhlala uphezu kokunakekelwa kwenjini yakho yasolwandle kubalulekile. Nakuba umsebenzi oyisisekelo womshini odingekayo ukwakha injini yasolwandle ngokuyisisekelo ufana nenjini yezimoto, yilapho ukufana kuphela khona.
Izinjini zasolwandle zinendawo yokusebenza ehluke ngokuphelele kunezinjini zezimoto. Ngokuvamile bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi behamba ngomkhumbi noma bematasatasa. Ijubane lokuhamba ngesikebhe lihluke kakhulu kunelemoto ehamba ngomgwaqo omkhulu. I-Cruising rpm kweziningi zalezi zinjini zasolwandle ingu-3,500 kuya ku-4,000 rpm kuye ngesilinganiso sokushayela kanye nosayizi we-prop. Uma kuqhathaniswa, injini evamile yezimoto izobe ishintsha kuphela i-1,600 kuya ku-2,000 rpm ngesivinini somgwaqo omkhulu.
I-throttle egcwele nayo ihlukile. Ngenjini yasolwandle, igcwele ngempela yonke indlela mhlawumbe 5,500 kuya ku-7,500 rpm noma ngaphezulu isikhathi eside (mhlawumbe amahora), okubeka ingcindezi enkulu enjinini nakubangaphakathi bayo. Iningi lemidlalo yasemgwaqweni, ithrekhi yendilinga kanye nezinjini zomjaho womgwaqo, uma kuqhathaniswa, zibona kuphela ama-rpms aphezulu ngokuqhuma okufushane, futhi zihlala zishintsha i-rpm njengoba umshayeli evula futhi evala i-throttle. Izinjini eziningi zezimoto zabagibeli azivamile ukubona uhlangothi oluphezulu luka-4,500 rpm futhi zichitha isikhathi sazo esiningi zingenzi lutho noma zilayisha ngama-rpms uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngomjaho wokudonsa kanye namamotho wokudonsa ugandaganda, i-throttle egcwele ihlala isikhathi esingangemizuzwana kuze kube yilapho i-throttle ivala futhi injini ibuyela phansi ukuze ingenzi lutho.
Omunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwezikebhe nezimoto ukuthi izikebhe azihambi ngasogwini. Injini ihlezi iphusha isikebhe siye phambili. Akukho ukwenza isipele futhi isikebhe asikwazi ukusebenzisa injini ukubhuleka. Uma umshayeli ongenalwazi egijima ngokuzumayo futhi ngokuzumayo adedele i-throttle, isikebhe esincane singatshuza ngekhala futhi singase siphenduke!
Ubunzima bokugijima ngaphansi komthwalo ongaguquki kanye ne-rpm ephezulu kusho ukuthi izinjini zasolwandle kufanele zakhiwe zibe nzima ngempela. Lokho akusho lutho ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezihamba phambili ezifana namakhranki afojiwe kanye nama-billet, ama-forged, ama-billet noma ama-steel oxhuma ama-piston, ama-piston afojiwe, i-ductile iron namaringi ensimbi, ama-ARP rod bolt nama-head bolt, ama-valve ensimbi engagqwali, ama-valve springs wekhwalithi ephezulu, i-aluminium ehlanganisiwe. noma amarokhethi okusebenza kwensimbi, udonga oluwugqinsi noma ama-pushrod amakhulu, ama-roller lifter, nama-double roller chain noma ama-belt cam drive. Awekho amakhona okusika uma ufuna injini yasolwandle ihlale isikhathi eside.
Noma yini echayeka emanzini (ikakhulukazi amanzi anosawoti) kufanele imelane nokugqwala. Lokho kusho ama-anodized coatings amakhanda e-aluminium kanye nama-nifold intake, insimbi engagqwali noma i-bronze plumbing nokufakwayo, ithusi noma amapulaki afriza angenasici, nohlobo oluthile lopende lwasolwandle noma oluvimbela ukubola kwebhulokhi, ipani likawoyela, amakhava amavalvu kanye nekhava yesikhathi.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinjini zasolwandle zisebenza kanzima isikhathi esiningi, zidinga ukupholisa okuningi. Izikebhe ezisebenzisa ukupholisa amanzi kwangaphandle zimunca amanzi ohlelweni lokupholisa ngembobo yokungena ngaphansi kwesikebhe noma kudrayivu engemuva. Iphampu yamanzi ehlukile idonsa amanzi bese iwahambisa empompini yamanzi yesibili enjini (imishini noma kagesi). Amaphampu amanzi kufanele abe nama-impellers amelana nokugqwala, amakhava kanye nezindlu.
Ama-multifold exhaust apholile asetshenziswa nezinjini eziningi zangaphakathi. Isishintshi sokushisa singase sisetshenziswe ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi angenayo. Ama-manifolds apholiswa ngamanzi asiza futhi ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kokushisa ezikebheni lapho izinjini zisendaweni emboziwe.
Ukugcwala okungaguquki enjinini yasolwandle kusho ukuthi iyashisa, noma ngabe ipholisa kakhulu. Ukushisa okwengeziwe kubangela ukunwebeka okukhulu kokushisa, ngakho-ke kufanele uvumele ukucaciswa okwengeziwe kwe-piston-to-cylinder ukunciphisa ubungozi bokugwaza. I-Ditto yezinkombandlela ze-valve. Izihlalo zevalvu yokukhipha umoya kufanele futhi zibe banzi ukuze kudluliswe ukushisa okungcono, futhi izihlalo kufanele zibe ingxubevange yethusi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukudluliswa kokushisa okusheshayo.
Izembatho ezikhethekile nazo zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kokushisa ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile. I-anti-scuff enciphisa ukungqubuzana kweziketi ze-piston nama-bheringi inganikeza umshwalense owengeziwe, kuyilapho ama-coating abonisa ukushisa nakhiphayo angasiza ukuphatha ukushisa kwenye indawo enjinini.
Ukugcina injini yasolwandle i-luted nakho kuyinselele ngenxa yokudlidliza okukhuphuka phansi naphansi okukhiqizwa amagagasi. Amapani kawoyela kufanele aqine futhi abe namandla amaningi, ukuze injini ingaphelelwa uwoyela. Kudingeka futhi kube nama-baffles kanye nethreyi elivuthwayo ukuze kugcinwe uwoyela lapho ungowakho. Isibandisi sikawoyela sangaphandle sibalulekile futhi ukuze ulawule ukushisa, futhi i-thermostat yezinga lokushisa likawoyela ivamise ukuba yingxenye yesistimu ukuze uwoyela obandayo ungadlule isibandisi bese ufika ngokushesha kuzinga lokushisa elivamile lokusebenza. Iphampu kawoyela neshubhu yeveni kufanele futhi iqiniswe futhi ishubhu ligxishwe empompini ukuze limelane nakho konke ukudlidliza kanye nokushaya ngamandla okuzokuzwa.
Ezinjinini eziphumayo eziphakeme ngempela (amahhashi angu-1,000 noma ngaphezulu), uhlelo lukawoyela we-sump owomile luvamise ukuba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okungapheli kukawoyela enjinini.
Impilo yesevisi yenjini yasolwandle ingase isuke emahoreni angama-500 kuye kwangama-600, kanti leyo yenjini engu-1,000 hp-plus ingase ibe amahora angu-200 kuya kwangu-300 kuphela. Abanye abakhi bezinjini zasolwandle batusa ukuvuselela iziphethu zamavalvu neziphakamisi ze-hydraulic roller ngemva kwamahora angu-200 okusetshenziswa.
Kubalulekile ukuthi abakhi bezinjini zasolwandle bakhe futhi bakhe kabusha lezi zinjini ngokuphelele. Uma ikhasimende lisanda kuchitha ithani lemali enjinini engazange ibambelele, ngeke libe ikhasimende elijabule noma ikhasimende eliphindayo.
pYonke into engaphakathi nangaphandle yalezi zinjini kufanele ikwazi ukwethuka ngokugijima nokushaya amagagasi, q kusho uTyler Crockett we-Tyler Crockett Marine Engines. pKonke kufanele kube ubufakazi bokudlidliza futhi yonke into kufanele ivikelwe. Izikhathi eziningi, sizosebenzisa ama-clamp aphindwe kabili kubasabalalisi bethu ukuze banganyakazi lapho beshaya amanzi amabi, futhi sisebenzisa abakaki cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye ukuze sikwazi ukuthatha ukushaqeka kokugijima endaweni enzima. amanzi.
“Size saya kuma-v-belt nama-pulleys e-deep groove ngenxa yokuthi usuke uginqika futhi ucisha amanzi ashubile, okwenza kube mancane amathuba okuthi ibhande liphume futhi likulahlekisele umjaho. Siphinde sisebenzisa izinsimbi zamapayipi amabili kumapayipi amaningi amakhulu amanzi ngoba ungakha umfutho wamanzi omningi uma ungena futhi uphuma emanzini. Ngakho-ke, sinama-valve okukhipha umoya ezinkingeni zethu zasolwandle ngoba ingcindezi izokwenyuka ngaphezu kwamaphawundi angamakhulu ambalwa.
“Siphinde senze ama-coatings amaningi ngaphakathi ezinjinini zethu futhi sifaka nama-oyili. Sisebenzisa ama-piston oilers futhi sisebenzisa isistimu yokugcoba amafutha esigodini ukuze sifafaze uwoyela nasezintweni eziphakamisayo. Siyaqinisekisa futhi ukuthi sithola amanzi amaningi ngenjini ukuze ihlale ipholile. Ichibi noma ulwandle lusebenza njengerediyetha yezinjini zethu. Sithuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa iphampu yamanzi enezigaba ezimbili ephakela uhlangothi olulodwa lwenjini ngesigaba esisodwa sepompo kanye nolunye uhlangothi lwenjini ngesigaba sesibili sepompo.”
Nakuba amanzi ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinjini zasolwandle, futhi kuyisizathu sokuqala lezi zinjini zingena ezinkingeni futhi zidinga ukuvuselelwa. Amanzi anosawoti angenye yezinkinga ezinkulu uma kukhulunywa ngokudala umonakalo wenjini.
pOkuningi kwehlela kumsebenzisi wokugcina nokuthi bayishayela kahle kangakanani injini ngemva kokuyisebenzisa njalo, q kusho u-Darryl Hameetman we-Hameetman Racing Engines. pUkuyigcina kukubo futhi abanye abafana balungile ngakho futhi banenhlanhla enkulu ngakho, nabanye abafana, hhayi kangako.”
Ngokusho kukaCrockett, ukugqwala kwamanzi anosawoti kuzodla amakhanda e-aluminium futhi kubangele izinkinga. pSifaka amakhanda emshinini bese ngigaya ekhanda le-aluminium ngize ngithole i-aluminium ehlanzekile,q usho kanje. pBese ngiwashisela wonke futhi ngawavusa kabusha.”
Ukuze usize izingxenye zenjini yasolwandle zilwe kangcono nokugqwala nokulimala kwamanzi, abakhi bezinjini abaningi basebenzisa ama-coatings ezakhiweni zabo, ikakhulukazi kuma-piston nama-bearings ukuze bavikeleke okwengeziwe.
“Ekufakweni kwamanzi anosawoti, sigcoba ingaphakathi lamajakhethi amanzi nge-Promax marine coating. Ama-gaskets wonke ayinsimbi engagqwali, kanti ingaphandle lenjini lifuthwe ngopende ovikela ukugqwala kwe-Mercury marine.”
Uma izinjini zizovuselelwa, umsebenzi ovame kakhulu uhlobene ne-valvetrain noma unomonakalo wamanzi. Yilokho okuvamise ukuthi injini yasolwandle isebenze uma kuphuka unhlokweni noma ukuqhuma komsila noma ama-valve eqala ukunamathela futhi injini iqala ukudonsa amanzi emuva.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuqina kwenjini kunesisindo esikhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-valvetrain, leyo ndawo yenjini kufanele isebenze kahle. I-Tyler Crockett Marine Engines izoshintsha izinto eziphakamisa ama-valve ezinjinini zayo zokuzijabulisa cishe njalo emahoreni angama-250. Kumakhasimende eqembu lomjaho, isitolo sishintsha iziphakamisi bese kuthi amavalvu aphume njalo emijahweni eyisithupha.
Njengoba umnikazi wesikebhe ngamunye esebenzisa isikebhe sakhe ngendlela ehlukile, lokhu kunakekelwa kuzohluka, kodwa kusabalulekile ukwazi ukuthi injini yakho izodinga nini ukuvuselelwa.
pAbanye abafana bayagijima njalo ngezimpelasonto, ngakho-ke kusobala ukuthi kufanele bahlale bephezu kwesondlo sabo kaningi futhi bakhe kabusha ngokushesha kunomfana ogijima kanye ngenyanga,q kusho u-Daryl Hameetman we-Hameetman Racing Engines. p Nge-1,000 hp, ingadinga ukwakhiwa kabusha emahoreni angama-250-300. Izinto ezinkulu zamandla amahhashi zingase zibe amahora angama-60, kuye ngokuthi zisebenza kanjani.”
Ngokuka-Bob Madara we-Marine Kinetics, ukuphila kwama-valve springs kuncike ezingeni lentwasahlobo, amandla enjini kanye nokuthi igijima amahora amangaki ohambweni ukuze ivuleke kakhulu. pA isethi yama-valve springs enjini engu-502 cid cishe kufanele ishintshwe ngemva kwamahora angu-300 kuya kwangu-400, ngisho noma zisabukeka futhi zihlola ukuthi zilungile,” kusho uMadara. "Lokho kungenxa yokuthi ama-valve springs angahluleka ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesixwayiso futhi ungcono uphephile kunokuzisola."
Asikho isitatimende esiyiqiniso ukwedlula leso uma kukhulunywa ngezinjini zasolwandle. Awufuni ukusala dengwane ngoba awuzange ulalele izexwayiso. Abakhi bezinjini kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi amakhasimende abo enjini yasolwandle athola isevisi ngezikhathi ezifanele, futhi abanikazi bezikebhe kufanele baxhumane nabakhi babo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi akukho okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi esingafanelekile. EB
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-12-2021
