Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezibhekene nokufakwa kwamavalvu nokushintshwa kokupakisha esiteshini samandla kagesi

Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezibhekene nokufakwa kwe-valve kanye nokupakisha esikhundleni esiteshini samandla Isikhundla sokufakwa kwe-valve kufanele silungele ukusebenza; Ngisho noma ukufakwa kunzima okwesikhashana, kuyadingeka ukucabangela umsebenzi wesikhathi eside womqhubi. Kungcono ukuthatha isondo lesandla se-valve nesifuba (ngokuvamile amamitha angu-1.2 ukusuka endaweni yokusebenza), ukuze kube lula ukuvula nokuvala i-valve. Isondo lesandla se-valve eliphansi kufanele libe phezulu, ungatsheki, ukuze ugweme ukusebenza kabi. I-valve yomshini wodonga incike ezintweni zokusebenza, kodwa futhi nokushiya indawo yokuthi opharetha ame. Ukuze ugweme ukusebenza kwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi i-asidi ne-alkali, imidiya enobuthi, ngaphandle kwalokho ayiphephile kakhulu. Ivalvu yesango akufanele ihlehliswe (okungukuthi isondo lesandla liye phansi), ngaphandle kwalokho okuphakathi kuzogcinwa endaweni yekhava yevalvu isikhathi eside... Ukufakwa kwevalvu Uma ivalvu isikhethwe kahle, kufanele ifakwe kahle, inakekelwe futhi isetshenziswe ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo. Izinga lokufakwa kwe-valve lithinta ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke kufanele kukhokhwe ngokucophelela. (1) Indlela kanye nendawo Ama-valve amaningi ane-directional, njenge-globe valve, i-throttle valve, i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, i-valve yokuhlola, njll., uma ifakwe ngokuhlehlayo, izothinta umphumela wokusebenzisa nokuphila (njenge-throttle valve), noma ayisebenzi nhlobo (njenge-valve yokunciphisa ukucindezela), noma ibangele ingozi (njenge-valve yokuhlola). Ama-valve avamile, izimpawu zokuqondisa emzimbeni we-valve; Uma kwenzeka kungekho, kufanele kukhonjwe ngendlela efanele ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokusebenza se-valve. I-valve ye-valve ye-globe i-asymmetric, ngakho-ke uketshezi kufanele ludluliselwe embobeni ye-valve ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu, ukuze ukumelana noketshezi kube kuncane (kunqunywa yisimo), ukonga umsebenzi ovulekile (ngenxa yokucindezela okuphakathi nendawo phezulu. ), ngemva kokuvala i-medium ayicindezeli ukupakisha, ukugcinwa okulula. Yingakho i-valve yembulunga ingafakwa. Amanye ama-valve anezici zawo siqu. Isikhundla sokufakwa kwe-valve kumele kube lula ukusebenza; Ngisho noma ukufakwa kunzima okwesikhashana, kuyadingeka ukucabangela umsebenzi wesikhathi eside womqhubi. Kungcono ukuthatha isondo lesandla se-valve nesifuba (ngokuvamile amamitha angu-1.2 ukusuka endaweni yokusebenza), ukuze kube lula ukuvula nokuvala i-valve. Isondo lesandla se-valve eliphansi kufanele libe phezulu, ungatsheki, ukuze ugweme ukusebenza kabi. I-valve yomshini wodonga incike ezintweni zokusebenza, kodwa futhi nokushiya indawo yokuthi opharetha ame. Ukuze ugweme ukusebenza kwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi i-asidi ne-alkali, imidiya enobuthi, ngaphandle kwalokho ayiphephile kakhulu. I-valve yesango ayiguquki (okungukuthi, isondo lesandla phansi), ngaphandle kwalokho izokwenza i-medium igcinwe esikhaleni sekhava ye-valve isikhathi eside, ukugqwala kalula kwesiqu, futhi kwezinye izidingo zenqubo i-taboo. Akulula kakhulu ukushintsha ukupakisha ngesikhathi esifanayo. Vula ama-valve esango le-stem, ungafaki ngaphansi komhlaba, ngaphandle kwalokho umswakama uzogqwala isiqu esivelile. Phakamisa isheke valve, ukufakwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-disc mpo, ukuze uphakamise nezimo. Ama-valve okuhlola ama-Swing kufanele afakwe ne-pin shaft evundlile ukuze ujike oguquguqukayo. I-valve yokukhulula ukucindezela kufanele ifakwe endaweni eqondile epayipini elivundlile, futhi akufanele itshekele kunoma iyiphi indlela. (2) Imisebenzi yokwakha Ukufakwa nokwakhiwa kufanele kuqaphele, ungashayi izinto eziphukayo ezenziwe nge-valve. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, i-valve kufanele ihlolwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukucaciswa nokukhomba ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo, ikakhulukazi wesiqu. Futhi vula izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuze ubone ukuthi ihlanekezelwe yini, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ** kulula ukushaya isiqu se-valve. Futhi *** udoti valve. Lapho i-valve iphakanyiswa, intambo akufanele iboshwe esondo lesandla noma esiqwini ukugwema ukulimala kulezi zingxenye, kodwa kufanele iboshwe ku-flange. Ukuze uthole ipayipi elixhunywe ku-valve, qiniseka ukuthi uyalihlanza. Umoya ocindezelwe ungasetshenziselwa ukuphephula i-iron oxide, isihlabathi, i-welding slag kanye nezinye izibi. Lawa ma-sundries, akulula nje ukunwaya indawo yokuvala ye-valve, okuhlanganisa izinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-sundries (njenge-welding slag), kodwa futhi nokuxhuma i-valve encane, ukuze ihluleke. Faka i-valve yesikulufa, kufanele kube ukupakisha kokuvala (intambo namafutha omthofu noma ibhande le-ptfe impahla eluhlaza), iphakheji kuntambo yepayipi, ungafiki ku-valve, ukuze ungafiki kumkhiqizo wememori ye-valve, othinta ukuhamba kwemidiya. Uma ufaka ama-valve ane-flanged, qinisa ama-bolts ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo. Ama-valve flanges namapayipi amapayipi kufanele ahambisane, futhi imvume inengqondo ukugwema ukucindezela okukhulu noma ngisho nokuqhekeka kwe-valve. Ngezinto eziqinile kanye namandla aphansi we-valve, ikakhulukazi ukunakwa. I-valve ezoshiselwa ngepayipi kufanele ibe ne-spot-welded kuqala, bese ivula ngokugcwele izingxenye zokuvala, bese i-welded ize ife. (3) Izinsiza zokuvikela Amanye ama-valve nawo adinga ukuvikelwa kwangaphandle, okuwukugqumisa nokupholisa. Ukulandelela ukushisa amapayipi omusi ngezinye izikhathi ayengezwa kungqimba lokufakelwa. Hlobo luni lwe-valve okufanele lufakwe ngaphakathi noma lubanda, ngokuya ngezidingo zokukhiqiza. Empeleni, lapho medium valve ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kakhulu, kuzothinta ukusebenza kahle ukukhiqizwa noma valve eqandisiwe, udinga ukugcina ukushisa, noma ngisho ukushisa; Lapho i-valve ivele, iyingozi ekukhiqizeni noma ibangele isithwathwa nezinye izinto ezimbi, udinga ukuvikela amakhaza. Izinto zokufakelwa i-asbestos, uboya be-slag, uboya bengilazi, i-perlite, i-diatomite, i-vermiculite njalonjalo; Gcina impahla ebandayo inokhokho, i-perlite, igwebu, ipulasitiki yokulinda. Ama-valve amanzi kanye ne-steam angasetshenziswa isikhathi eside kufanele akhululwe. (4) Ama-by-pass kanye namathuluzi Amanye ama-valve anama-bypass nama-gauge ngaphezu kokuvikela okudingekayo. Kufakwe i-bypass ukusiza ukugcinwa kogibe. Amanye ama-valve nawo afakwe nge-bypass. Ukufakwa kwe-bypass kuncike esimweni se-valve, ukubaluleka kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza. (5) Ukushintsha indawo yokugcwalisa ama-valve amasheya, okunye ukupakisha akukuhle, futhi okunye akufani nokusetshenziswa kwemidiya, okudingeka kuthathelwe indawo yokupakisha. Abakhiqizi be-valve abakwazi ukucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwezinkulungwane zamayunithi emidiya ehlukene, ibhokisi lokugxusha lihlala ligcwele ukupakisha okuvamile, kodwa uma usebenzisa, kufanele uvumele isigcwalisi kanye nendawo ukuthi ivumelane. Uma ushintsha isigcwalisi, cindezela ngokuzungeza futhi nxazonke. Ilunga ngalinye lendandatho lilingana namadigri angu-45, ilunga leringi nendandatho linyakaza amadigri angu-180. Ukuphakama kokupakisha kufanele kucabangele igumbi lokucindezela okuqhubekayo kwegland. Njengamanje, ingxenye engezansi yegland kufanele icindezelwe ekujuleni okufanele kwegumbi lokupakisha, okungaba ngu-10-20% wengqikithi yokujula kwegumbi lokupakisha. Kuma-valve afunayo, i-engeli yomthungo ingama-degree angama-30. Amalunga phakathi kwamasongo anyakaziswa ngamadigri ayi-120. Ngaphezu kokupakisha okungenhla, kodwa futhi ngokusho kwesimo esithile, indandatho yerabha ye-O (ukumelana nenjoloba yemvelo kuya ku-60 degrees Celsius i-alkali ebuthakathaka, ukumelana ne-butanol yeraba kumikhiqizo kawoyela engu-80 degrees Celsius, i-Fluorine iraba imelana nezinhlobonhlobo zemithombo yezindaba ezonakalisayo ngezansi. 150 degrees Celsius) indandatho emithathu eyisitaki ye-polytetrafluoroethylene (imelana nemidiya edlayo eqinile engaphansi kuka-200 degrees Celsius) indandatho yesitsha senayiloni (imelana ne-ammonia, i-alkali engaphansi kuka-120 degrees Celsius) kanye nokunye ukugcwaliswa okwakhayo. Itheyiphu eluhlaza ye-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) isongwe ngaphandle kwekhoyili ye-asbestos evamile, engathuthukisa umphumela wokuvala futhi yehlise ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical kwesiqu. Uma ucindezela ukupakisha, vula isiqu ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze usigcine sizungeze futhi uvimbele ukufa okuningi. Qinisa indlala ngokulinganayo futhi ungatsheki. Kunezinkomba ezimbalwa zokulinganisa ikhwalithi yamavalvu: ukwethembeka kokuvala, amandla okuphendula isenzo, amandla, ukuqina nokuphila, njll. Ivalvu ibhekwa njengeyunithi eyisisekelo kulo lonke uhlelo lwemishini eshisayo, futhi kukhona ukudlidliza kwesakhiwo esihlanganisa uketshezi nokulawula ukudlidliza. izidingo. Ukuqinisekisa lezi zinkomba, izinkinga ezinkulu ezilandelayo zidinga ukuxazululwa kuqala. 1 Ukulawula (nquma ukwethembeka kwesenzo se-valve) Ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokulawula ye-valve yesitimu esikhulu kanye ne-valve yokushisa kabusha kungenye yezingozi ezinhlanu ezinkulu ze-steam turbine, ebonakala kakhulu ekuvulekeni kwe-valve akuhambisani nomklamo, okuhlanganisa ukwehluleka komshini wokudlulisela, ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-stroke kanye ne-lag, okuthinta amandla nokudlidliza kwe-valve. Ukulawula ukuvulwa kwe-valve kuthinta ngokuqondile isimo sokusebenza senjini ye-steam, ngakho-ke yaziswa kakhulu futhi ibe enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni. Eminyakeni yamuva, ocwaningweni lokuthembeka kwe-valve, i-valve ehlakaniphile iyisiqondiso esiyinhloko socwaningo, i-valve ehlakaniphile inomsebenzi wokuzihlulela izimo zokusebenza, kanye nokuzilawula kwesikhathi sangempela. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-valve ehlakaniphile i-digital positioner. I-Digital positioner isebenzisa i-microprocessor ukubeka i-actuator ye-valve ngokunembile, iqaphe futhi irekhode idatha efanele ye-valve. 2 Amandla (kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zempilo kanye nokuqina) Ukuqala njalo kweyunithi emandleni evalvu nempilo yesevisi ye-valve kugqame ikakhulukazi, ikakhulukazi nge-valve yokulawula ye-steam turbine, okugxilwe kuyo ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini. enkingeni yokulawula i-valve, manje kubonakala sengathi amandla enkinga awakwazi ukushaywa indiva. UCarolann Giovando, isekela lomhleli wephephabhuku i-Power Engineering, ubhala ukuthi abacwaningi akufanele bagxile kuphela ezinkingeni zokulawula, kodwa emandleni, ukuphila kanye nokubekwa uphawu, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-valve. (1) Ngenxa yokuqaliswa okuvamile kweyunithi, ivalvu yesitimu sokuqala ingase ingahlangabezani nezidingo zokusebenza ezintsha. Ngenxa yokuthi i-valve eyinhloko yesitimu iklanywe ngokuhambisana nomthwalo oyisisekelo, inqubo yokuklama kuphela ngokuya ngengcindezi emile, izinga lokushisa, ukuhlola amandla ayo, ayikho inkinga yokuphila kokukhathala komjikelezo ophansi. Manje izimo zokusebenza ziyashintsha, umklamo wokuqala ungase ungahlangabezani nezidingo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukucabangela umklamo wokuphila wokukhathala ophansi ohlelweni lokuklama, ukuze isimo sokuklama sihambisane nesimo sokusebenza, ukuze kuzuzwe injongo yokwelula impilo. (2) Ngenxa yokunemba kokulawula ukushaywa kwe-actuator, i-spool inomthwalo onomthelela esihlalweni. Kube nokuhlukaniswa kwezihlalo zezitshalo zamandla, i-rotor block yaphuthunyiswa ku-turbine, okuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kokuphuma kwe-turbine, ukulimala kwe-rotor okukhulu kwephutha. Ukwengeza, kuma-valve omfutho ophezulu, kanye ne-cavitation phenomenon, ukukhubazeka kwangempela kwe-valve yomzimba we-valve, umzimba we-valve ngemva kokuhlaziywa kokuphila kwe-crack kanye nokubikezela kuwufanele ukutadisha okwengeziwe. 3 ukudlidliza Izinguquko zokuvula i-valve, ukusebenza kabi okuguquguqukayo kwe-actuator nokuvuza kwevalvu kuyimbangela yokudlidliza, umonakalo wokudlidliza wevalvu ngokwawo mncane kakhulu, kodwa umthelela kuyo yonke iyunithi mukhulu, ekuzulisekeni kwefrikhwensi ephansi. I-oscillation ye-low-frequency ye-unit ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: enye i-oscillation yefilimu yamafutha, ekhiqizwa ifilimu yamafutha esekela ukuthwala ekusebenzeni kweyunithi ukusheshisa noma ukungalayishi; Enye i-steam oscillation, eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-oscillation yefilimu kawoyela. Idlidliza ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla okuvusa umusi futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemva kokulayishwa kweyunithi. Ukushintsha kokuvula i-valve nokuvuza kuyizimbangela ezibalulekile ze-steam oscillation. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi i-United States neJalimane inezingozi zokuphahlazeka kwe-steam oscillation, i-China nayo yenzeke izingozi zokuphahlazeka kwe-50 MW kanye ne-200 MW, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamarekhodi edatha yesikhathi sangempela, ngakho-ke imbangela yokwehluleka ayikwazi ukunqunywa, kodwa kusolakala ukuthi kuhlobane nama-oscillations amabili aphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqedwa nokunciphisa ama-oscillations e-steam kubaluleke kakhulu, okuncike ocwaningweni oluhlelekile lwezinguquko zokuvula ama-valve kanye namandla okuvusa akhiqizwa ukuvuza. Amathuba okuthi i-steam oscillation ingancishiswa ngokuklama kahle i-valve yokuvula nokuvala i-stroke. 4 Ukuvuza (ukuvuza kwangaphakathi nokuvuza kwangaphandle) (1) Ukuvuza akuyona nje imbangela yokudlidliza, kodwa futhi kubangela ukungcola nokulahlekelwa amandla. Ukuze uxazulule inkinga yokuvuza, ngokwezinga elithile, uhlelo lungagwema ukudlidliza, kodwa futhi lunwebe ukuphila kwemishini, luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle. (2) Ukuphila kwe-valve yokucindezela okuphezulu kweyunithi ye-supercritical ngezinye izikhathi kufushane kakhulu, futhi ukupakisha kufanele kushintshwe ngemva kwezikhathi ezimbalwa zokuqala. Kuyadingeka ukutadisha ukupakisha okusha kokuvala noma ukuklama ifomu elisha lokuvala elisebenzayo ukuze welule impilo futhi uthuthukise ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwalolu hlobo lwe-valve yomfutho ophezulu. - Njengamanje, izinga lesethi ephelele yama-valve liyaqhubeka lithuthuka, kuphela ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingenhla kahle, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-valve kanye nekhwalithi engcono kakhulu.