Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokufakwa kwe-valve yesondlo kufanele lunake izindaba nemininingwane

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokufakwa kwe-valve yokulungisa i-valve kufanele inake izindaba nemininingwane Njengamanje, imingcele yezobuchwepheshe yevalvu ekhiqizwa emhlabeni, izinga lomnyango lincane ukuya ku-1 mm kuya ku-9750 mm; Izingcindezi zokusebenza kwamavalvu zisukela ku-ultra-high vacuum 1 x10-10 MMHG ukuya ku-ultra-high pressure 14,600 atmospheres. Amazinga okushisa e-valve okusebenza asukela ku--270℃ kuya ku-ultra-high izinga lokushisa elingu-1200℃ ngisho nokuya ku-3430℃. Isivinini esiphakathi kwe-valve izikhathi ezingu-11 ngesivinini esiphezulu; Vava isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala ku-1/1000 ~ 5 imizuzwana, ukuvuza kwevalvu ku-1 x10-10CC/sesekhondi, okusho ukuthi indawo yokuvuza eminyakeni engama-300 kamuva ngaphansi kwe-1 CC. Ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwamanje kwemingcele ye-valve yobuchwepheshe, izinga lomnyango ukusuka kokuncane kuya ku-1 mm kuya ku-9750 mm; Izingcindezi zokusebenza kwamavalvu zisukela ku-ultra-high vacuum 1 x10-10 MMHG ukuya ku-ultra-high pressure 14,600 atmospheres. Amazinga okushisa e-valve okusebenza asukela ku--270℃ kuya ku-ultra-high izinga lokushisa elingu-1200℃ ngisho nokuya ku-3430℃. Isivinini esiphakathi kwe-valve izikhathi ezingu-11 ngesivinini esiphezulu; Vava isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala ku-1/1000 ~ 5 imizuzwana, ukuvuza kwevalvu ku-1 x10-10CC/sesekhondi, okusho ukuthi indawo yokuvuza eminyakeni engama-300 kamuva ngaphansi kwe-1 CC. Lezi zibonelo ezingenhla, ngemizamo yabantu, kuzoba khona impumelelo. Okulandelayo ububanzi obujwayelekile be-valve, ingcindezi encane, ubudlelwano phakathi kwengcindezi yokusebenza nezinga lokushisa elisebenzayo, kanye nendawo evamile yevalvu. Eminye yemingcele eyisisekelo inezilinganiso zikazwelonke nezabefundisi. I-diameter yegama le-valve yokungena nokuphumayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-diameter ye-valve. Imelwe ngu-Dg (i-Dn ejwayelekile kazwelonke yokuhlola), ngamamilimitha (mm). Ububanzi obujwayelekile be-valve bucaciswe ku-GB1074-70 ejwayelekile kazwelonke. Uchungechunge lwama-valves obubanzi obujwayelekile luboniswa kuThebula 1-1. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ububanzi obujwayelekile be-valve buhambisana nobubanzi bangempela. Kukhona into eyenzeka ukuthi i-diameter yegama ayihambisani nobubanzi bangempela be-valve esetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali enomfutho ophezulu kanye ne-petroleum. Ukucindezela okulinganiselwe kwe-valve kubizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi ye-valve. Ivezwa ngu-Pg (izinga likazwelonke livezwa yi-PN, iyunithi yokucindezela ibha), futhi iyunithi i-kg force / cm2 (kgf/cm2). Uma i-Pg16 imakwe ku-valve, ukucindezela okulinganiselwe kwe-valve kungamandla angu-16 kg / cm 2. Ukucindezela okulinganiselwe kwe-valve kuchazwe ku-GB1048-70 ejwayelekile kazwelonke. Uchungechunge lokucindezelwa okulinganiselwe kwama-valve luboniswa kuThebula 1-2. Umthamo wangempela wokucindezela we-valve uvame ukuba mkhulu kakhulu kunokucindezela okujwayelekile kwe-valve, okuklanyelwe ukucabangela isici sokuphepha. Ekuhlolweni kwengcindezi yamandla e-valve, ngokusho komkhawulo othenjiswe ukweqa ukucindezela okuzisholo, esimweni sokusebenza se-valve, ihlukaniswe ngokuqinile phezu komsebenzi wokucindezela, ngokuvamile ukhetha ngaphansi kwenani lokucindezela okulinganiselwe. Okwesithathu, ubudlelwane phakathi kwengcindezi yokusebenza kwe-valve kanye nezinga lokushisa elisebenzayo le-valve esimweni sokusebenza sokucindezela kubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezela kokusebenza kwe-valve, okuhlobene nempahla kanye nezinga lokushisa lokusebenza le-medium ye-valve. . Ichazwa ngo-P, isibalo esisekhoneni elingezansi kwesokudla segama elingu-P izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo eliphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa elihlukaniswa ngamanani angu-10 quotient. Isibonelo, i-P42 ikhombisa ukucindezela kokusebenza kwe-valve medium ezingeni lokushisa elicishe libe ngu-425℃. I-valve yokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa kanye nethebula eliphezulu elihambisanayo lokushintsha ingcindezi yokusebenza elibizwa ngokuthi ithebula lokushisa nengcindezi. Bheka Ithebula 1-3, 4, 5. Isibonelo sohlelo lokusebenza: amandla angu-40kg/cm 2 valvu yensimbi ye-carbon endaweni yokushisa emaphakathi yokusebenza engu-425℃ epayipini, ukucindezela kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu ukuthi ingakanani eyokuqala eyisithupha etafuleni 1- 3 ikholomu yensimbi yensimbi, thola izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo elingu-425 ℃ igridi ukuze ubheke phansi, bese uhlola ikholomu yokucindezela okuzisholo yamandla angu-40 kg/cm 2 igridi ukuze ubheke phansi, Inombolo ekumpambanweni kwezingxenye ezimbili ukucindezela okukhulu kokusebenza kwale valve yensimbi ye-carbon P4222 kg force/cm 2 Indawo evamile ye-valve iyisici okufanele icatshangelwe ekwakhiweni nasekukhethweni kwe-valve. Ungalibamba kanjani igama elithi "i-valve evamile" sicela ufunde isampula ye-valve kanye ne-anti-corrosion manual kanye nokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwama-valve Ulwazi: Ukufakwa kwe-valve kufanele kunake izindaba nemininingwane yendawo yokufaka i-valve, kufanele kulula ukusebenza: noma ngabe ukufakwa kwezinkinga zesikhashana, kodwa futhi nokulawula umsebenzi wesikhathi eside wabasebenzi. Kungcono ukuthi isondo lesandla se-valve liqondaniswe nesifuba (ngokuvamile amamitha angu-1.2 ukusuka endaweni yokusebenza), ukuze kube lula ukuvula nokuvala i-valve. Isondo lesandla se-valve eliphansi kufanele libe phezulu, ungatsheki, ukuze lingasebenzi kahle. Umshini wodonga uncike ku-valve yemishini, kodwa futhi ushiye indawo yokuthi opharetha ame. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, i-valve kufanele ihlolwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukucaciswa kanye nohlobo futhi kuhlonzwe ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo, ikakhulukazi we-valve stem. Izinga lokufakwa kwe-valve lithinta ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke kufanele sinake ngempela. (1) Indlela kanye nendawo Ama-valve amaningi anesiqondiso, njengama-globe valves, ama-throttle valves, ama-valve anciphisayo, ama-valve okuhlola, njll., uma ehlanekezelwe, kuzothinta umphumela wokusebenzisa nokuphila (njengama-throttle valves), noma ungakwenzi. ukusebenza (okufana nokunciphisa ama-valve), futhi kubangele ngisho nengozi (njengama-valve okuhlola). I-valve evamile, uphawu lokuqondisa emzimbeni we-valve; Uma kungenjalo, kufanele kube ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokusebenza se-valve, ukuhlonza okunembile. I-valve ye-valve ye-globe ayilungile ukusho ukuthi uketshezi kufanele ludedelwe ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu ngembobo ye-valve, ukuze ukumelana noketshezi kube kuncane (kunqunywa ukuma), vula ukonga amandla (ngenxa yengcindezi ephakathi nendawo. phezulu), i-medium evaliwe ayicindezeli ukupakisha, kulula ukuyihlola, yingakho i-valve yomhlaba ingakwazi ukuguqulwa. Amanye ama-valve nawo anezici zawo. Isikhundla sokufakwa kwe-valve, kufanele kube lula ukusebenza: ngisho noma ukufakwa kwezinkinga zesikhashana, kodwa futhi nokulawula umsebenzi wesikhathi eside wabasebenzi. Kungcono ukuthi isondo lesandla se-valve liqondaniswe nesifuba (ngokuvamile amamitha angu-1.2 ukusuka endaweni yokusebenza), ukuze kube lula ukuvula nokuvala i-valve. Isondo lesandla se-valve eliphansi kufanele libe phezulu, ungatsheki, ukuze lingasebenzi kahle. Umshini wodonga uncike ku-valve yemishini, kodwa futhi ushiye indawo yokuthi opharetha ame. Ukuze ugweme ukukhwabanisa kokuphakama, ikakhulukazi i-asidi ne-alkali, imidiya enobuthi, ngaphandle kwalokho ayiphephile. Ungaphenyisi isango (okungukuthi isondo lesandla liye phansi), ngaphandle kwalokho okuphakathi kuzogcinwa esikhaleni sebhonethi isikhathi eside, ukuguguleka kalula kwesiqu, futhi kwezinye izidingo zenqubo kuvinjelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufaka esikhundleni se-filler akulungile kakhulu. Vula i-stem gate valvu, ungafaki ngaphansi komhlaba, ngaphandle kwalokho ngenxa yokumanzisa nokuguguleka kwesiqu esivelile. Phakamisa isheke valve, ukufakwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-disc mpo, ukuze ephakamisa nezimo. Swing isheke valve, lapho efakwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga pin, ukuze swing nezimo. I-valve yokunciphisa kufanele imiswe epayipini elivundlile, futhi ungatsheli kunoma iyiphi indlela. (2) umsebenzi wesikole wokwakha Ukufakwa nokwakhiwa kufanele kuqaphele, ungashayi i-valve eyenziwe ngezinto eziphukayo. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, i-valve kufanele ihlolwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukucaciswa kanye nohlobo futhi kuhlonzwe ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo, ikakhulukazi we-valve stem. Phinda ugoqe izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuze ubone ukuthi itshekile yini, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kulula ukuqhuqha isiqu se-valve esigwegwile. Futhi susa imfucumfucu ku-valve. Uma uphakamisa i-valve, intambo akufanele iboshwe ku-handwheel noma isiqu ukugwema ukulimala kulezi zingxenye, kufanele iboshwe ku-flange. Kumavalvu axhunywe epayipini, qiniseka ukuthi uyawahlanza. Umoya ocindezelwe ungasetshenziselwa ukuphephula ama-chips e-iron oxide, isihlabathi, i-welding slag kanye nezinye izibi. Lawa ma-sundries, awagcini nje ngokuklabha indawo yokuvala ye-valve, phakathi kwayo izinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-sundries (njenge-welding slag), kodwa futhi zixhuma i-valve encane, ukuze ihluleke. Lapho ufaka i-valve yesikulufu, ukupakisha okuvala uphawu (i-hemp namafutha e-aluminium noma ibhande le-polytetrafluoroethylene impahla eluhlaza) kufanele isongwe emculweni wepayipi, ungangeni ku-valve, ukuze ugweme umkhiqizo wememori ye-valve, okuthinta ukuhamba kahle kwendawo ephakathi. . Uma ufaka ama-valve ane-flanged, qaphela ukuqinisa ama-bolts ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo. I-valve flange kanye ne-pipe flange kufanele ihambisane, imvume enengqondo, ukuze ugweme ukucindezela okukhulu ngisho nokuqhekeka kwe-valve. Ukuze uthole izinto eziqinile kanye nama-valve amandla aphansi, ikakhulukazi qaphela. Ama-valve azoshiselwa ngamapayipi kufanele ashiselwe amabala kuqala, bese izingxenye zokuvala zivuleke ngokugcwele, bese zishiselwa zifile. (3) Izinyathelo zokuzivikela Amanye ama-valve kufanele futhi abe nesivikelo sangaphandle, okuwukupholisa nokupholisa. Imigqa ye-steam eshisayo kwesinye isikhathi iyengezwa ku-insulation. Hlobo luni lwe-valve okufanele lufakwe ngaphakathi noma lubanda, ngokusho kwezidingo zokukhiqiza. Empeleni, lapho medium in the valve ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kakhulu, kuzothinta ukusebenza kahle ukukhiqizwa noma valve eqandisiwe, udinga ukugcina ukushisa, noma ngisho mix ukushisa; Lapho ama-valve eveziwe, engalungile ekukhiqizeni noma abangele isithwathwa nezinye izinto ezimbi, kuyadingeka ukubanda. Izinto zokufakelwa i-asbestos, uboya be-slag, uboya bengilazi, i-perlite, i-diatomite, i-vermiculite, njll; Izinto zokupholisa zihlanganisa ukhokho, i-perlite, igwebu, ipulasitiki nokunye. (4) I-bypass nensimbi Amanye ama-valve, ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zokuvikela ezidingekayo, nawo ane-bypass kanye nezinsimbi. Kufakwe i-bypass. Ilungele ukuhlolwa kogibe. Amanye ama-valve, nawo afakwe nge-bypass. Ukuthi kufakwe i-bypass, kuncike esimweni se-valve, ukubaluleka kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza. (5) ukupakisha esikhundleni I-valve yokusungula, ukupakisha okunye akukuhle, okunye nokusetshenziswa kwemidiya akufani, lokhu kudinga ukushintsha ukupakisha. Abakhiqizi be-valve abakwazi ukucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwezinkulungwane zamayunithi emidiya ehlukene, ibhokisi lokugxusha lihlala ligcwele impande evamile, kodwa uma isetshenziswa, kuyadingeka ukwenza isigcwalisi sivumelane nendawo. Lapho ushintsha isigcwalisi, cindezela ngokuzungeza ngokuzungeza. Umthungo ngamunye wendandatho ukuya kuma-degree angama-45 kufanelekile, indandatho futhi ikhale ivuleke ngama-degree angama-180. Ukuphakama kokupakisha kufanele kucabangele igumbi ukuze indlala izuze ifa lokucindezela. Njengamanje, ingxenye engezansi ye-gland kufanele ivunyelwe ukucindezela ikamelo lokupakisha ekujuleni okufanele, okungaba ngu-10-20% wengqikithi yokujula kwekamelo lokupakisha. Kuma-valve adingeka kakhulu, i-engeli ehlangene ingama-degree angama-30. I-seam phakathi kwamasongo inyakaziswa ngama-degree angu-120. Ngaphezu kwalezi zigcwalisi ezingenhla, kodwa futhi ngokusho kwemininingwane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-rubber O-ring (ukumelana nenjoloba yemvelo ngaphansi kwama-degrees Celsius abuthakathaka e-alkali engu-60, ukumelana nenjoloba ye-butadiene ngezansi kwamakristalu kawoyela angama-80 degrees Celsius, ukumelana nenjoloba ye-Fluorine ngaphansi kuka-150 degrees Celsius a imidiya ehlukahlukene yokuguguleka) indandatho ye-polytetrafluoroethylene estakiwe enezicucu ezintathu (ukumelana okungaphansi kuka-200 degrees Celsius imidiya eqinile yokuguguleka) indandatho yesitsha senayiloni (ukumelana okungaphansi kuka-120 degrees Celsius ammonia, alkali) nokunye ukwenza isigcwalisi. Ungqimba lwetheyiphu ye-polytetrafluoroethylene impahla eluhlaza isongwe ngaphandle kwediski ye-asbestos evamile, engathuthukisa umphumela wokuvala futhi inciphise ukuguguleka kwe-electrochemical kwesiqu se-valve. Uma ucindezela isinongo, gingqa isiqu se-valve ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze ugcine isilinganiso esizungezile, futhi uvimbele ukufa kakhulu, qinisa indlala ukuze iqine ngokwesilinganiso, hhayi ukutshekisa.