I-valve yesango izinto zokusetshenziswa I-Valve body materials I-Carbon steel esangweni valvu izinto zokusetshenziswa Insimbi annealing

I-valve yesango izinto zokusetshenziswa I-Valve body materials I-Carbon steel isango i-valve izinto zokusetshenziswa Insimbi annealing Ingasetshenziselwa izinto ezingagqwali, ezimweni ezithile ezikhethekile njengakwibanga elithile lokushisa, imvelo yenani lokuhlushwa, ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izinto ezonakalisayo. Izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo -29~425℃. Umzimba we-valve, i-valve yokugeleza eyodwa kanye ne-valve yesango (i-piston valve) ibukeka iyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwezingxenye zokuphonsa. Amavalvu athile kuphela noma amavalvu esango anezindinganiso ezihlukile zesimo sokusebenza asebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi ecijile. Iningi lomzimba we-valve, i-valve yokugeleza eyodwa kanye ne-valve yesango (i-piston valve) ibonakala iyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwezingxenye zokuphonsa. Amavalvu athile kuphela noma amavalvu esango anezindinganiso ezihlukile zesimo sokusebenza asebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi ecijile. Insimbi ye-Carbon Ingasetshenziselwa izinto ezingagqwali, ezimweni ezithile ezikhethekile njengakwibanga elithile lokushisa, imvelo yenani lokuhlushwa, ingasetshenziselwa izinto ezithile ezigqwalayo. Izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo -29 ~ 425℃ Izingxenye zensimbi ye-Carbon Cast Njengamanje, izinga lokuqalisa elisetshenziswa ezweni lethu yi-GB12229 -- 89 "I-valve ejwayelekile, i-carbon steel casting Technical Conditions", uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo yi-WCA, WCB, WCC. Izinga lihambisana nezinga lenhlangano yokuhlola impahla yangaphandle i-ASTMA216-77 "izinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-fusible carbon steel Castings standard specification". Izinga lishintshiwe okungenani kabili, kodwa i-GB12229-89 yami isasetshenziswa, futhi inguqulo entsha engiyibonayo kulesi sigaba yi-Astma216-2001. Ihluke ku-Astma 216-77 (okungukuthi, kusuka ku-GB12229-89) ngezindlela ezintathu. A: Izidingo zango-2001 zengeze imfuneko yensimbi ye-WCB, okungukuthi, kukho konke ukuncishiswa okungu-0.01% kwenani elikhulu kakhulu lomkhawulo wekhabhoni, inani elikhulu kakhulu lomkhawulo we-magnesium linganyuswa ngo-0.04% kuze kube yilapho inani eliphakeme lingu-1.28%. B: I-sundries Cu ye-WCA, i-WCB ne-WCC models: 0.50% ku-77, ilungiswe ku-0.30% ngo-2001; I-Cr: 0.40% ku-77 kanye ne-0.50% ngo-2001; Mo: Bekungu-0.25% ngo-'77 kanye no-0.20% ngo-2001. C: Ukuhlanganiswa kwesici sensalela kufanele kube ngaphansi noma kulingane no-1.0%. Ngo-2001, uma kunendinganiso elingana nekhabhoni, lesi sigatshana asifaneleki, futhi inani eliphezulu lekhabhoni elilingana namamodeli amathathu liyadingeka ukuthi libe ngu-0.5 kanye nefomula yalo yokubala elilingana nekhabhoni. I-Q&A A: Izingxenye zokulingisa ezifanelekile kufanele zifaneleke ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali emvelo, izakhiwo zemishini yesakhiwo, futhi zihlangabezane nezimfuneko, ikakhulukazi ukukhohlisa kwesici sensalela, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzolimaza ukusebenza kokushisela. B: Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emvelo okubalulwe kukhodi kusewumkhawulo. Ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuhle kwe-welding futhi uzuze izakhiwo ezidingekayo zemishini yesakhiwo, kuyadingeka ukusungula izindinganiso zokulawula zangaphakathi zezingxenye futhi wenze inqubo yokwelapha yokushisa efanele yezingxenye zokuphonsa kanye nezinduku zokuhlola. Uma kungenjalo, ukukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zokuphonsa ezingafanelekile. Isibonelo, indinganiso yokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi ye-WCB engu-≤0.3%, uma isincibilikisi esikhipha ikhabhoni yensimbi ye-WCB engu-0.1% noma engaphansi kusukela ekubunjweni ukuze sibonwe sifaneleka, kodwa izakhiwo zesakhiwo azihlangabezani nezimfuneko. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni uma kulingana no-0.3% nakho okufanelekile kodwa izakhiwo zokushisela Kubi, ukulawulwa kwekhabhoni kuya ku-0.25% kufanelekile kakhulu. Ufuna ukuba "ukungena nokuphuma," abanye abatshalizimali bazobeka ngokucacile imithetho yokulawulwa kwekhabhoni. C: Izigaba zokushisa eziphathelene namavalvu ensimbi ye-carbon (a) JB/T5300 -- 91 "Izimfuneko zevalvu yomhlaba wonke" ze-carbon steel valve izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo lika -30℃ ukuya ku-450℃. (b) SH3064-94 "ukukhethwa kwe-petrochemical steel general valve, ukuhlolwa nokwamukelwa" izidingo ze-carbon steel valve izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo lika -20 ℃ kuya ku-425 ℃ (ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlinzeko zomkhawulo ophansi we -20 ℃ ukuze kuhlanganiswe ne-GB150 steel isitsha sokucindezela) (c) ANSI 16 · 34 "i-flange ne-butt welding valve end" ingcindezi yokusebenza - izinga lokushisa likalwe inani lamanje izidingo ezijwayelekile WCB A105 (carbon steel) izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo elihlanganisa -29 ℃ kuya ku-425 ℃, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphezu kuka-425 ℃ ℃ isikhathi eside. Solid carbon steel ijwayele ukwenza i-graphitize cishe ku-425 ℃. Ivalvu yesango impahla eluhlaza yensimbi ehlanganisa ukuhlanganisa okuphelele (i-recrystallization annealing) : insimbi yokushisisa kancane ukuya ku-Ac3 (insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid) ngaphezu kuka-30~50℃, ukuze kuqinisekiswe isikhathi esimaphakathi, bese kuphuma isiqandisi kancane. Ukuze uthole insimbi evamile, ngokusho kwenqubo yokushisa ye-ferrite ibe yi-martensite (i-back change recrystallization) kanye nenqubo yesiqandisi ngaphezu koshintsho lwesibili lwe-recrystallization, i-crystal emihle, ungqimba oluqinile, isakhiwo esifanayo se-ferrite. Grey cast iron annealing: insimbi ifudunyezwa kumazinga okushisa angama-30 ~ 50℃ ngaphezu kwe-Ac1, bese ipholiswa kancane kancane. I-1) Incazelo: Ukushisa izingxenye kuya ku-30 ​​~ 50 ℃ ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elibalulekile, ukushisa ukushisa isikhathi esithile, bese kuba nesiqandisi somlilo. (Ukushisa okubalulekile: izinga lokushisa lapho isakhiwo sangaphakathi sensimbi sishintsha) 2) Izinjongo: (1) Nciphisa amandla futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kokugaya; (2) Hlunga okusanhlamvu, uthuthukise ukwakheka nokusabalalisa usimende ngensimbi, futhi ubeke isisekelo senqubo yokugcina yokwelapha ukushisa; (3) Susa ukucindezeleka okushisayo, susa ukucindezeleka okushisayo okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kokukhiqizwa kokuguqulwa komumo, ukucubungula ukugaya noma ukuthungatha ugesi kanye nokucindezeleka okushisayo okusele ezingxenyeni zokuphonsa, ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa nokugwema ukuqhekeka okomile; (4) i-spherification kasimende ukunciphisa amandla; ⑤ Thuthukisa futhi uqedele zonke izinhlobo zokushiyeka kwenhlangano ezakhiwe ngokwenziwa kwensimbi, ukubala kanye nokusebenza kokushisela, ukugwema ukubangela amabala amhlophe amancane. 4) Uhlobo: Ekukhiqizeni, inqubo ye-annealing isetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngokomphumela wokukhipha ucezu lokusebenzela lomkhiqizo awufani, kunezinhlobo eziningi zamazinga enqubo yokuhushula, evame ukusetshenziswa ukuthungatha okuphelele, ukuhushula insimbi okumpunga, noma ukuhushula ingcindezi ephansi (1) Ukuqothula ngokuphelele (i-recrystallization annealing) : insimbi ukushisisa kancane ku-Ac3 (insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid) ngaphezu kuka-30~50℃, ukuqinisekisa isikhathi esimaphakathi, bese kuphuma isiqandisi esihamba kancane. Ukuze uthole insimbi evamile, ngokusho kwenqubo yokushisa ye-ferrite ibe yi-martensite (i-back change recrystallization) kanye nenqubo yesiqandisi ngaphezu koshintsho lwesibili lwe-recrystallization, i-crystal emihle, ungqimba oluqinile, isakhiwo esifanayo se-ferrite. ② I-annealing yensimbi empunga: insimbi ifudunyezwa kumazinga okushisa angama-30 ~ 50℃ ngaphezu kwe-Ac1, bese ipholiswa kancane kancane. Isakhiwo se-ferrite siba yi-spheroidal kanye ne-granular, futhi insimbi ye-carbon ephansi nephakathi nalolu hlobo lwesakhiwo inamandla aphansi, ikhono eliqinile lokubhoboza kanye nekhono eliqinile lokugoba elibandayo. Ngensimbi ye-alloy, lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo luyisakhiwo esingcono sokuqala ngaphambi kokwelashwa kokushisa. (I-shaft yesampula i-CrWMn, i-shaft ye-guide Tenon GCr15) I-annealing ephelele kanye ne-isothermal annealing Qedela -- ukushisisa ku-Ac3 20~30℃, ukwahlukanisa ukushisa ngemva kwesithando somlilo esibandayo -- kubhekisela ekushisiseni ukuze kuqedelwe i-austenization Injongo: Ngokuvumelana nokuhlanganisa kabusha okusanhlamvu okuhle okulinganayo, okulinganayo. isakhiwo, ngcono ukusebenza Isicelo: insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid, insimbi ye-carbon ephansi: ukunciphisa amandla, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokumba. Inhlangano: FP Isothermal process annealing -- heat to Ac3 (Ac1) 20~50℃, Thermal insulation ilandelwa ukupholisa komoya ngemva kwenqubo ye-isothermal elandelayo ku-Ar1: ngokufakwa okuphelele ukuze ulawuleke kalula Isicelo: insimbi engagqwali ephakathi nendawo neferritic Inhlangano: FP noma Fe3C P Gray cast iron annealing and spread annealing Gray cast iron annealing - ishisiselwe ku-Ac1 20~30 Injongo: Ukuthola i-Fe3C eyindilinga, ethambile Isicelo: i-eutectoid, i-eutectoid steel Izicubu: eyindilinga P Spread annealing -- ukushisisa kuya ku-100-200 degrees ulayini oqinile, ukufakwa okushisayo kwesikhathi eside (10-15h) ngemva kokupholisa kancane Injongo: ukwakheka okulinganayo Ifanele: ukusakaza kwensimbi engagqwali Isakhiwo esincane: Okusanhlamvu okumahhadla - ngemva kokusatshalaliswa kokudonsa noma ukucisha - ukuthuthukiswa Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka nokusebenza lukhuni ukudonsa i-stress annealing -- ukushisisa ku-Ac1-100~200℃, ukwahlukanisa ukushisa ngemva kokubanda kwesithando somlilo Injongo: Ukususa ukucindezeleka okushisayo nokuzinzisa inhlangano Isicelo: izingxenye zokudweba ezibandayo, izingxenye zokwelashwa kokushisa Inhlangano: Ngeke kushintshe Umsebenzi wokuqinisa i-anneal -- Ukushisa ku-t bese kuba ngu-150 ~ 250 ℃, ukwahlukanisa ukushisa ngemva kokupholisa komoya Injongo: Ukunciphisa amandla kanye nokuthuthukisa ipulasitiki Isicelo: umsebenzi wokuqinisa umkhiqizo womsebenzi Isakhiwo: okusanhlamvu okulinganayo Umsebenzi wokushisa oqinisayo: T kabusha =T ukuncibilika × 0.4 (izinga lokushisa) quenching Normalizing - ukushisisa ku-Ac3(Accm) 30~50℃, ukwahlukanisa ukushisa ngemva kokupholisa komoya Injongo: Cwenga okusanhlamvu, thuthukisa ukusebenza Isicelo: Insimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu HB↑ → Thuthukisa izici zokusika zekhabhoni (ingxubevange ye-aluminium) inhlangano yokulinganisa okusanhlamvu yensimbi yokucwenga (ukwelashwa kokushisa, ukwelashwa kokushisa ngaphambili) insimbi ye-hypereutectoid → isakhiwo semeshi esicacile Fe3CⅡ, sibeka isisekelo sokwelashwa kwe-spheroidization yezingxenye ezinezidingo eziphansi → ukusebenza kwemishini yomshini inqubo yokugcina yokwelapha ukushisa.