Amanzi okuphuza yiwona msoco oyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, akufanele kuqinisekiswe kuphela ukuthuthwa kwenethiwekhi yamanzi okuphuza, kodwa futhi izinga elihle labathengi kufanele liqinisekiswe. Njengamanje, izinga lamanzi okuphuza liqinisekiswa ngamasampula aselabhorethri, okumele aqhutshwe yinkampani yamanzi ngokuhambisana neziphathimandla/imithetho (imithetho yamanzi okuphuza) ngezikhathi ezithile. Imithetho yangempela yamanzi okuphuza ihloselwe ukwenziwa ngcono ngokusuka ekuthathweni kwesampula evamile iye ekulungisweni kohlelo lokuthatha amasampula okusekelwe ekuhloleni ubungozi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le ndlela iyabiza ngoba idinga ukuqoqa, ukuthutha kanye nokuhlaziya amasampula amaningi enethiwekhi yamanzi okuphuza isonto nenyanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuhamba kancane, izigameko zokungcola ngokuvamile cishe akunakwenzeka ukuzibona noma akunakwenzeka ukuzibona. fika. Ukuze singanciki ezikhathini ezinqunyiwe zokuhlolwa nokwandisa ukubonakala, abahlinzeki abaningi bamanzi emhlabeni wonke badinga izinzwa ze-inthanethi ukuthi ziphendule ngesikhathi sangempela ezindabeni ezihlobene nekhwalithi yamanzi kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amanzi okuphuza.
Izinzwa eziku-inthanethi ezisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi amanzi okuphuza kufanele ngokuqhubekayo zigade futhi zinikeze izilinganiso zobuningi, zokucaca okuphezulu, neziqinisekisiwe zokuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi. Izimo zemvelo emigodini namapayipi azincane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo eziyisisekelo zezinga lokuvikela le-IP67 kanye nezindinganiso zesitifiketi samanzi okuphuza wezinto ezithintana namanzi. Uma inzwa izokalwa ngepayipi elicindezelwe, isistimu enjalo kufanele iqine kakhulu ukuze inikeze imiphumela emihle kungakhathaliseki ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi nokuqhuma kwengcindezi. Ukuzwela, ukugcinwa kanye nezidingo zamandla zalokhu “kuhlaziya okuku-inthanethi” kumele kwehliswe kube ubuncane obuphelele. Imfuneko yesilinganiso ngasinye se-inthanethi akuyona nje inzwa enamandla, kodwa futhi ukudluliselwa kwesikhathi sangempela kwedatha kusizindalwazi/isistimu ye-SCADA ukuze ikwazi ukusabela kuma-alamu kanye nezinguquko kudatha yokulinganisa.
ipayipi :: scan (Umfanekiso 8) isistimu yezinzwa esetshenziselwa ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza kumapayipi acindezelwe. Amapharamitha angafika kwayi-10 angakalwa ohlelweni: amapharamitha ezinto eziphilayo (TOC, DOC, UV254/UVT), i-turbidity, umbala, i-chlorine, i-pH/redox, ukuqhuba, izinga lokushisa nokucindezela. Faka epayipini ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngokusebenzisa isihlalo sepayipi le-Hawl (DN100-DN 600). Nge-"pipette", amanzi avela epayipini lokucindezela aqhutshelwa embhobheni :: iseli lokugeleza lokuskena. I-nanopump iqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ampontshelwa abuyele epayipini ngokusebenzisa ingqamuzana lokugeleza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amanzi, bheka Umfanekiso 2. Umgomo wokusebenza. Inzwa ekwipayipi::scan iyinzwa eyaziwayo nethembekile futhi ethembekile ::can sensor, esidayiswe emakethe iminyaka eminingi: i::scan-an optical micro-spectrophotometer enobuchwepheshe be-LED kanye nokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo kwebhulashi ukuze kukale. i-organic matter (TOC, DOC, UV254, UVT), i-turbidity kanye nombala, i-chlori::i-lyser-inzwa yamanje yokucindezela yokuthola i-chlorine yamahhala, i-pH::i-lyser-inzwa ye-pH eqinile kakhulu, alikho ibhuloho likasawoti, elinereferensi ye-polymer ama-electrode, i-condu::inzwa ye-lyser-4-electrode conductivity enenzwa yokushisa edidiyelwe kanye nenzwa yokucindezela encane elungele ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini. Zonke lezi zinzwa zidinga ukulungiswa okuphansi kakhulu futhi sezisetshenziswe ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi okuphuza emhlabeni jikelele iminyaka eminingana. Isihlungi ku-inlet siqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezingena kuseli lokugeleza, futhi i-valve yokungenisa umoya iqinisekisa ukuthi awukho umoya endaweni yokulinganisa kuseli lokugeleza. Idatha yekhwalithi yamanzi ingathunyelwa kunoma iyiphi isizindalwazi esimaphakathi cishe nganoma iyiphi iphrothokholi ngokusebenzisa i-s::can terminal con::cube. i-con::cube iyitheminali ehlangene, enamandla futhi enemisebenzi eminingi yokutholwa nokulawula idatha. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bakamuva bokucubungula, i-con::i-cube's interface eguquguqukayo yokuxhuma izinzwa ku-SCADA nanoma iyiphi isistimu yedatha emaphakathi ilungele ukuqapha okukude. Ngenxa yemodemu edidiyelwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, isilondolozi sedatha sihlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko zokusebenza zezindawo zokufaka ezihlukaniswe phakathi.
I-Multitube::Skena ikhambi elikahle lokuqapha amanzi okuphuza kunethiwekhi yamanzi okuphuza kunoma iyiphi indawo okufinyeleleka kuyo. Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo sezifakwe kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla emadolobheni amakhulu aseYurophu isikhathi eside. Kusukela kudatha, kungabonakala ukuthi ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwamapharamitha amaningi kusebenza kanjani ngokulungiswa okuphezulu futhi akukho ukukhukhuleka ngaphansi kwezimo zezinyanga eziqhubekayo zokuguquguquka kwengcindezi, bheka Umfanekiso 4. Ngokuningiliziwe, ungabona inethiwekhi yokuguquguquka kwengcindezi yansuku zonke nobusuku. amanzi okuphuza phakathi kwama-3 nama-4 bar. Izinguquko eziphawulekayo ku-conductivity zibonisa imithombo yamanzi ehlukene, kulokhu, isibonelo, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi ahlanzekile angaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngepayipi :: scan, amapharamitha we-organic afana ne-TOC, i-DOC noma i-UV254 ingalinganiswa ngokunembile kakhulu. Le mingcele ibalulekile ekunqumeni izenzakalo zokungcola emanzini okuphuza kanye nokuthola ukuxuba kwamanzi emithonjeni ehlukene, bheka Umfanekiso 5. Kunethiwekhi yamanzi okuphuza yomunye umuzi, kungabonakala ukuthi nakuba ukugxila kwemingcele ethile kushintsha njalo (Umfanekiso 6)), umkhawulo we-alamu awufinyelelwanga. Kodwa-ke, ngepayipi elizinzile futhi elinembile ::isilinganiso sokuskena, bheka uMdwebo 7, ungabona ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi i-chlorine yamahhala yehle kakhulu phakathi namahora ambalwa, ngakho-ke, ukubulawa kwamagciwane okwanele akuzange kwenziwe. Inethiwekhi yamanzi okuphuza ngalesi sikhathi-isimo esingafuneki.
Umfanekiso 8: ipayipi::skeni isistimu yezinzwa esetshenziselwa ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza kumapayipi ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
pipe::scan okwamanje ukuphela kwesistimu yezinzwa emakethe enezici ezilandelayo eziyingqayizivele: " Ukulinganisa okunembile kuhambisana ngokuphelele nezinkomba zaselabhorethri ezijwayelekile, hhayi nje "izitayela" " Kufika kumapharamitha angu-10 ohlelweni " Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezinto eziphilayo ( TOC) , DOC, UV254, UVT), i-turbidity, umbala, i-pH/redox, EC, ingcindezi kanye nezinga lokushisa " Izimele ngokuphelele esilinganisweni sokugeleza futhi ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezimile kunethiwekhi yamanzi okuphuza. " “Ukugcinwa kokushisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi” “: Asikho isidingo sokuphazamisa ukugeleza kwamanzi/ingcindezi futhi inzwa ngayinye ingasetshenziswa ngokuhlukene " Ukutholwa komcimbi ogcwele ngama-alamu esikhathi sangempela " isikhawu sokugcinwa kwezinyanga eziyisi-6: ukusebenza kahle, okuthembekile, okuzimele, ukunakekelwa okuncane. Ukukalwa okuqondile kwekhwalithi yamanzi kuhleloxhumano lwamanzi okuphuza Izindlela ezintsha zezinzwa ze-inthanethi zinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile noluphelele, njengalapho ipayipi liqhuma noma isiteshi se-chlorination sinezinkinga, lezi zenzakalo zingaholela engozini yokuphuza amanzi ukuphepha kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke Ngokuhlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe bezinzwa obuzinzile, obunembile futhi obunamandla, ipayipi::ukuskena akusesona isihloko esikhathini esizayo, kodwa sekuyinto engokoqobo.
[1] Inguqulo yasekuqaleni ye-Federal Minister of Social Security and Generations Directive on the Quality of Water for Human Consumption (Drinking Water Regulations-TWV): Federal Law Gazette II No. 304/2001 [CELEX-No.: 398L0083]
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