Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezifihla-buso nezimbozo. Kepha ingabe zonke ziyefana ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwe-coronavirus ye-Covid-19? [+] Esithombeni, u-Ashley Haas (kwesokunxele), u-Ashley Haas no-Heather Aboff bavela e-SoHo, eNew York City begqoke izingubo zabo. (Isithombe ngu-Gotham/GC)
Nakuba ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene, abantu bangase bagcine bewagqokile ebusweni ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kokubili kungaba nezinhlobo eziningi nemiklamo. Akubona bonke abantu abadalwe belingana. Ezinye (izifihla-buso, hhayi ipizza) zingcono ekuvimbeni amaconsi angase ageleze ekhaleni nasemlonyeni wakho kunamanye. Eqinisweni, ngokocwaningo olusanda kunyatheliswa kumagazini i-Science Advances, kwezinye izimo, ezinye izifihla-buso empeleni zenza isimo sibe sibi nakakhulu, okubangela ukuba amaconsi engeziwe akhishelwe emoyeni.
Yebo, ukuzwe kahle. Ukugqoka ezinye izifihla-buso kungase kube kubi kakhulu kunalutho. Akunjalo ngezingoma eziqoshwe ngu-Alison Krauss, ngakho-ke i-mask ingaba yimbi kanjani kunokugqoka lutho ngaphandle kokumamatheka ebusweni? Lapho ukhwehlela, uthimula, ukhuluma, ucula, uhefuzela, futhi uthi “Oh Pizza”, akufanele yini imaski ivimbe yonke into ephuma emlonyeni nasemakhaleni akho? Akufanele yini imaski isize ukumisa ikhala lakho elingcolile nomlomo ekusakazeni i-coronavirus ye-Covid-19 kwabanye?
Kulolu cwaningo, ithimba elivela eNyuvesi yaseDuke (u-Emma P. Fischer, uMartin C. Fischer, uDavid Grass, u-Isaac Henrion, uWarren S. Warren, no-Eric Westman) lakha "ukukhafulela phansi" lapho abanye abantu bekhuluma nebhokisi. . "isithombe. Ucwaningo lusebenzise i-laser esabekayo ukwenza lokhu. I-laser beam yakhiqiza ucezu lokukhanya phambi kwembobo ebhokisini elimnyama. Ngakho-ke, empeleni, ukuhlolwa akuyona nje ibhokisi elimnyama.
Okulandelayo, ithimba labacwaningi licele umuntu ukuthi abeke umlomo wakhe emgodini bese ephinda inkulumo ethi "gcinani niphilile, bantu" izikhathi ezinhlanu. Ngakho-ke, noma yini ephuma emlonyeni womuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithonsi elincane noma ucezu lwe-hot dog, kamuva iyoshaya ishidi lokukhanya, kubangele ukukhanya kuhlakazeke. Ngamanye amazwi, noma yimaphi amaconsi noma izinhlayiya zizosakaza ishidi kulo. Ikhamera yocingo ithathe leli shadi, elizovumela umcwaningi ukuthi abone ukuthi yini ekhafulwe emlonyeni womuntu.
Umuntu waphinda le nqubo izikhathi eziningi, okokuqala ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi imaski, wabe esegqoka izinhlobo eziyi-14 zamamaski. Lo muntu ubengazigqoki izifihla-buso ezingu-14 ngesikhathi esisodwa, obekubonakala kuwukudlala. Kunalokho, lo muntu uzama okukodwa ngesikhathi. Ithimba labacwaningi lisungule ithebula lenombolo yemitha yokulahla, lapho u-1.0 emelela inani lamaconsi ashaya ishidi lombhede lapho umuntu engagqokile imaskhi, futhi u-0.0 umele okwenzekayo lapho kusetshenziswa imaski engcono kakhulu. Futhi, khumbula ukuthi lena inguqulo nje ngayinye yezinhlobo ezingu-14 ezihlukene zamamaski umuntu oyedwa azame ngazo.
Imaski e-N95 ngaphandle kwe-New York University Langone Health Hospital ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-coronavirus. … [+] (Isithombe nguNoam Calais/Getty Images)
Akungabazeki ukuthi imaskhi ehamba phambili ngokusobala imaskhi ye-N95 ngaphandle kwe-valve yokukhipha umoya. Phela lolu wuhlobo lwezingubo okufanele zigqokwe abasebenzi bezempilo, becabanga ukuthi izikhungo zabo zezempilo zinikeza isivikelo esanele. Lezi zimaski zenzelwe ukuvikela amaconsi kanye namagciwane ukuthi angagelezi noma agelezele ukusuka kunoma iyiphi indlela, nokuvikela ogqokile nawo wonke umuntu. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngale maski empeleni kubamba iphepha ndawonye, kurekhodiwe amaphuzu ahlakazekile ambalwa kakhulu. Eqinisweni, imaski enjalo ayiphelele. Kodwa-ke, asebenza njengezinga lalokhu kuhlolwa, futhi isibalo samaconsi ahlobene empeleni singuziro.
Amamaski okuhlinza, njengamamaski agqokwa abasebenzi bezokwelapha eHong Kong, eChina, aqedwa ekuhlolweni… [+] Indawo yesibili. (I-Qin Louyue/Isithombe se-China News Service, Getty Images)
Umdlali ophume endaweni yesibili akumangazi. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-N95 imaskhi, inani lamaconsi ahlobene lemaski yokuhlinzwa enezendlalelo ezintathu linoshintsho olukhulu, olusuka ku-0 kuye ku-0.1. Lezi zimaski nazo ziyizinga lezokwelapha futhi zingasebenza njengebhokisi (izingubo zangaphansi esikhundleni sikaMike Tyson). Bangakwazi ukufihla izinto eziningi ngaphakathi, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile bazoyeka ezinye izinto zishelele ngaphandle.
Kubekwe endaweni yesithathu neyesine imaski ye-polypropylene: imaski ye-cotton-polypropylene-cotton kanye ne-2-layer polypropylene apron masks. Isibalo samaconsi esihlobene sicishe sibe ngu-0.1, siphakeme kancane kunesamaski okuhlinzwa.
Eyesihlanu kuya kweyeshumi nanye ihlanganisa imaski ekhonjiwe kakotini enezendlalelo ezimbili ehlukene kanye nemaski eyodwa ekhonjiwe kakotini. Lezi ziwela phakathi kwebanga lokubala elilinganiselwe likaziro ukuya ku-0.4. Ngakho benza amashidi ahambahamba.
Uhlobo lwesikhombisa lungenye imaski ye-N95: imaski ene-valve yokukhipha umoya. Lawa marekhodi amanani okwehla okuhlobene asukela ku-0.1 kuye ku-0.2. Uma usebenzisa imaskhi engu-N95, qala uhlole ukuthi ingabe ine-valve yokukhipha umoya eyeqa isihlungi. Imaski ye-N95 enale valve ifana nalawo mawindi okubuka indlela eyodwa. Inikeza kuphela ukuvikeleka okuphelele ohlangothini olulodwa. Nakuba isifihla-buso singakuvikela, ekugcineni ungase uziveze kwabanye. Ake ngikubeke kabusha. Usengavumela abanye abantu ukuthi bathinte noma yini engase iphume emlonyeni nasemakhaleni akho.
Le valve ivumela umoya ukuthi udlule kumaski usuka emlonyeni nasemakhaleni womuntu oyifakile ngaphandle kokudlula esisefweni esikhulu. Nakuba lokhu kungase kwenze kube lula ukukhipha umoya, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungase kuvumele igciwane ukuba lingene kolunye uhlangothi. Uma inhloso eyodwa yemaski iwukuvikela emathonyeni angenzeka emoyeni, khona-ke le valve yokukhipha umoya ingase ilunge. Isibonelo esisodwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha ekwakhiweni kweThempeli likaJustin Bieber. Kepha imaskhi enjalo ngeke ivikele abanye ekulimaleni kwakho njengemaski ye-N95 ngaphandle kwevalve yokukhipha umoya. Kungakho abasebenzi bezokwelapha bengajwayele ukusebenzisa imaski engu-N95 enamavalvu okukhipha umoya.
Indawo yesishiyagalolunye iyimaski enesendlalelo esisodwa se-Maxima AT enenani elilinganiselwe leconsi elihlobene elingu-0.2, futhi ububanzi bayo abukho ngaphezu kuka-0.3.
Indawo ye-12 yimaski eluka. Akumangazi ukuthi ububanzi bale maski bukhulu kakhulu, ukusuka cishe ku-0.1 ukuya ekubaleni kokwehla okuhlobene okungaphansi kuka-0.6. Izifihla-buso ezilukiweyo zivame ukufana nezinkulumo zepolitiki futhi zigcwele amaphutha. Imbobo ingavumela izinto eziningi zidlule ngaphesheya.
Bese kuba nezifihla-buso ezimbili, okungenzeka kube kubi kakhulu kunokungasigqoki nhlobo imaskhi. Esimweni se-13, i-bandana isukela ku-0.2 kuya ku-1.2. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi, kwezinye izimo, ukufaka i-Axl Rose ekhaleni nasemlonyeni kungase kuvumele amaconsi amaningi ukuba adlule kunangekhala nomlomo onqunu. kungenzeka kanjani lokho? Iduku elikhulu lingawakhiqiza kanjani amaconsi amaningi amanzi? Hhayi-ke, impendulo ukusika iqiniso.
Kuye ngokuhleleka kwalo, ukwakhiwa, nokuma, iduku lingasika amaconsi amakhudlwana libe amaconsi amaningi namancane. Cabanga ngesikhathi sokugcina lapho uzama ukuphusha ucezu lweParmesan ngefasitela lesikrini (ngoba ngubani ongakaze azame). Amaconsi amancane mabi kakhulu kunamathonsi amakhulu ngoba akwazi ukuntanta emoyeni isikhathi eside futhi angase adlule emgudwini wokuphefumula womuntu kalula.
Owokugcina wachaza ukuthi kungani ungase ungafuni ukubaleka lapho uthenga imaskhi. Imaski yoboya ikleliswe endaweni ye-14 ohlwini, okubi kakhulu kunokungagqoki lutho. Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi usengakwazi ukudala izivunguvungu ezinkulu ngenkathi ugqoke imaski yoboya. Isilinganiso samaconsi esilinganiso singu-1.1. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, abantu abagqoke izifihla-buso zoboya bakhiqiza amaconsi amaningi kunalapho amakhala nemilomo yabo kuvezwe ngokugcwele. Lokhu kungase kungasebenzi kuzo zonke izifihla-buso zoboya. Noma kunjalo, njengoba nje ama-bandanna engenza kwezinye izimo, le maski yoboya iphendula izinkinga ezinkulu zibe izinkinga ezincane kakhulu. Lokhu akukuhle.
Yiqiniso, lolu cwaningo aluphelele futhi lunokulinganiselwa okuningi. Ayizange ihlole zonke izinhlobo zamamaski ahlukene nokuthi zigqokwa kanjani. Isibonelo, akuwona wonke amamaski e-N95 anama-valve okukhipha umoya namamaski ezinithiwe noma ovolo awafani ngempela. Le ncwadi ayizange inikeze incazelo enemininingwane ye-mask ngayinye nendlela yokugqoka imaski ngayinye. Futhi, ngubani owaziyo ukuthi kuzokwenzekani, ubuso obuhlukene nezindlela zokukhuluma gqoka izifihla-buso.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufafaza amaconsi akusho ukuthi ufutha igciwane. Iconsi ngalinye lingase linganele ukuthelela abanye abantu i-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV2). Yebo, “Wonke umuntu, hlala uphilile” akuyona ukuphela kwento oyisho kwabanye abantu. Ngokwesibonelo, bekungenzekani uma ubungasho into enjengokuthi “kunje”? Ngakho-ke, sicela ugqoke imaski egcwele usawoti ukuze uthole yonke imiphumela yocwaningo.
Noma kunjalo, konke lokhu kukhumbuza abantu ukuthi izeluleko zezempilo zomphakathi zinezici zaso kanye nemininingwane ehlobene. Akwanele ukuvala ubuso. Ukumboza ubuso bakho ngomjuluko, ushokoledi, isoso ye-pizza, noma amahloni akwanele. Ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi imaski ngeke kusebenze. Ngokwesibonelo, ungawagqoki amamaski e-Lone Ranger noma imaski engavimbeli ngempela ukuhamba kwezinto eziphuma emakhaleni nasemlonyeni zivela e-Costco. Ngisho noma ubonakala uvala ikhala nomlomo, ungase ungabavikeli ngokwanele abanye. Ngakho-ke, qaphela lapho uthenga imaski. Khetha imaski efanele. Phela awusho ukuthi, “Nginike i-pizza, noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-pizza,” akunjalo?
Ngingumbhali, intatheli, uprofesa, imodeli yesistimu, uchwepheshe wekhompuyutha kanye nezempilo yedijithali, odla ukotapheya, nosomabhizinisi, kodwa akuhlali ngale ndlela. Okwamanje, nginguye
Ngingumbhali, intatheli, uprofesa, imodeli yesistimu, uchwepheshe wekhompuyutha kanye nezempilo yedijithali, odla ukotapheya, nosomabhizinisi, kodwa akuhlali ngale ndlela. Njengamanje, nginguprofesa wenqubomgomo yezempilo kanye nabaphathi eSikoleni Sezempilo Yomphakathi saseCity University of New York (CUNY), umqondisi omkhulu we-PHICOR (@PHICORteam), uprofesa e-Johns Hopkins Carey School of Business, futhi umsunguli kanye ne-CEO ye-Symsilico. Izikhundla zami zangaphambilini zihlanganisa ukusebenza njengoMqondisi Omkhulu we-Global Obesity Prevention Centre (GOPC) e-Johns Hopkins University, Uprofesa Ohlangene Wezempilo Yomhlaba Wonke e-Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Uprofesa Ohlangene Wezokwelapha kanye ne-Biomedical Informatics eNyuvesi yasePittsburgh, Umphathi Omkhulu we-Quintiles Transnational we-Montgomery Securities, wenza ucwaningo ngokulingana kwe-biotechnology, futhi wasungula ngokuhlanganyela inkampani ye-biotechnology/bioinformatics. Umsebenzi wami uhlanganisa ukwenza izindlela zokubala, amamodeli, namathuluzi okusiza abenzi bezinqumo zezempilo nezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuwo wonke amazwekazi (ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica), futhi ngithole abaxhasi abahlukahlukene njengeBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, NIH, AHRQ, njll. Usekelo, CDC , UNICEF, USAID kanye neGlobal Fund. Ngibhale izincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-200 zesayensi nezincwadi ezintathu. Ngilandele ku-Twitter (@bruce_y_lee), kodwa ungangibuzi ukuthi ngiyawazi yini ubuciko bokulwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-22-2021
