Khuluma ngomehluko phakathi kwamavalvu ensimbi enziwe mbumbulu kanye nensimbi yesifinyezo sezinhlobo zamaphutha ensimbi engenasici

Khuluma ngomehluko phakathi kwamavalvu ensimbi enziwe ngomgunyathi nensimbi yensimbi engagqwali ukuvuza izinhlobo zephutha isifinyezo Insimbi yokusakaza ibhekisela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokusansimbi zensimbi ezikhiqizwa indlela yokusakaza. Uhlobo lwe-casting alloy. Insimbi ye-Cast ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: i-cast carbon steel, insimbi ephansi ye-alloy kanye nensimbi ekhethekile. Insimbi ye-Cast isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ijamo elithile eliyinkimbinkimbi, okunzima ukulibumba noma ukusika ukwakha futhi lidinga amandla aphezulu kanye nezingxenye zepulasitiki. I-Forging steel ibhekisela ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zokubumba kanye ne-forgings ezikhiqizwa indlela yokwenza. Izingxenye zensimbi ezakhiwe zinekhwalithi ephakeme kunezingxenye zensimbi ezikhonjiwe, zingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela omkhulu, ipulasitiki, ukuqina kanye nezinye izici zezakhiwo zemishini nazo ziphakeme kunezingxenye zensimbi ezikhonjiwe, ngakho-ke zonke izingxenye zomshini ezibalulekile kufanele zenziwe ngezingxenye zensimbi ezibunjiwe. Insimbi ye-Cast ibhekisela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zensimbi ezikhiqizwa indlela yokukhipha. Uhlobo lwe-casting alloy. Insimbi ye-Cast ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: i-cast carbon steel, insimbi ephansi ye-alloy kanye nensimbi ekhethekile. Insimbi ye-Cast isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ijamo elithile eliyinkimbinkimbi, okunzima ukulibumba noma ukusika ukwakha futhi lidinga amandla aphezulu kanye nezingxenye zepulasitiki. I-Forging steel ibhekisela ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zokubumba kanye ne-forgings ezikhiqizwa indlela yokwenza. Izingxenye zensimbi ezakhiwe zinekhwalithi ephakeme kunezingxenye zensimbi ezikhonjiwe, zingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela omkhulu, ipulasitiki, ukuqina kanye nezinye izici zezakhiwo zemishini nazo ziphakeme kunezingxenye zensimbi ezikhonjiwe, ngakho-ke zonke izingxenye zomshini ezibalulekile kufanele zenziwe ngezingxenye zensimbi ezibunjiwe. I-valve yensimbi eyakhiwe kanye nomehluko we-cast steel valve: Izinga le-valve yensimbi eyenziwe ngomgunyathi ingcono kune-valve yensimbi ekhonjiwe, ingamelana namandla amakhulu, ukuqina kwepulasitiki, ukuqina nezinye izici zemishini yemishini iphakeme kunensimbi ekhonjiwe, kepha ububanzi obujwayelekile kuncane kakhulu, ngokuvamile ku-DN50 ngezansi. Ibanga lokucindezela kwe-valve yokusakaza liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, ingcindezi evame ukusetshenziswa ku-PN16, PN25, PN40, 150LB-900LB. Amamaki e-valve yensimbi eyenziwe ngomgunyathi: PN100, PN160, PN320, 1500LB-3500LB, njll. Insimbi ye-Cast isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ijamo elithile eliyinkimbinkimbi, okunzima ukulibumba noma ukusika ukwakha futhi lidinga amandla aphezulu kanye nezingxenye zepulasitiki. I-Casting iwuketshezi, futhi i-forging iyinqubo ye-deformation ye-plastic, i-forging forming workpiece ingathuthukisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi senhlangano, izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini, okusanhlamvu okufanayo, i-workpiece ebalulekile enzima kufanele yenziwe, ukuphonsa kuzobangela ukuhlukaniswa, amaphutha enhlangano, yebo, ukusakaza kunezinzuzo zakhe, ukwakha i-workpiece eyinkimbinkimbi akulula ukuvula isikhunta, kuthathe ukubunjwa. Ivalvu yokubumba (i-valve yensimbi efojiwe) Isingeniso: 1. I-Forging ingahlukaniswa: (1) Imodi evaliwe yokubumba (i-die forging). I-forging ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-forging, i-rotary forging, i-heading ebandayo, i-extrusion, njll. Insimbi engenalutho ifakwa ku-forging die enesimo esithile ukuze kutholwe i-forging. Ngokusho kokushisa kwe-deformation, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-forging ebandayo (izinga lokushisa lokubumba liyizinga lokushisa elivamile), ukubumba okufudumele (izinga lokushisa lokubumba liphansi kunezinga lokushisa le-recrystallization lensimbi engenalutho) kanye ne-hot forging (izinga lokushisa lokubumba lingaphezu kokushisa kwe-recrystallization). (2) Ukufoja okuvulekile (ukufoja mahhala). Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubumba ngesandla kanye nokufoja ngomshini. Insimbi engenalutho ifakwa phakathi kwamabhulokhi amabili angenhla naphansi (insimbi) futhi amandla okushayisana noma ukucindezela kusetshenziselwa ukuguqula insimbi engenalutho ukuze kutholwe ama-forging adingekayo. I-2, i-forging ingenye yezingxenye ezimbili zokubumba, umthwalo wemishini uphakeme, izimo zokusebenza ezinzima zezingxenye ezibalulekile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-forgings, ukuma kwezingxenye ezitholakalayo zokugoqa ezitholakalayo, ngaphandle kwepuleti lephrofayela. Izimbobo zokushisela kanye nokusakazwa okuxekethile kwezinto zensimbi kungaqedwa ngokwakha. 3, ukukhetha okulungile kwesilinganiso sokuqamba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokunciphisa izindleko kunobudlelwano obuhle. Izinto zokwakha ikakhulukazi i-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali nensimbi ye-alloy. I-Forging ratio ibhekisela esilinganisweni sendawo yesiphambano sensimbi ngaphambi kokuguqulwa endaweni yesigaba sokufa ngemva kokuguqulwa. Isimo sokuqala sezinto zifaka i-ingot, ibha, insimbi ewuketshezi kanye nempushana yensimbi. 4. Izakhiwo zemishini zama-forging ngokuvamile zingcono kunalezo zokubunjwa kwezinto ezifanayo. I-Forging iyindlela yokucubungula ukuze uthole umumo nosayizi othize onezinto ezingcono zemishini ngokufaka ingcindezi endaweni engenalutho yensimbi enemishini yokubumba nokucindezela ukuze wenze insimbi ingabi nalutho ikhiqize ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki. I-valve yokusakaza (i-valve yensimbi eyinsimbi) 1, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokubunjwa, ngokuya ngendlela yokumodela yokubunjwa kwesihlabathi okujwayelekile nokubunjwa okukhethekile: ① Ukukhishwa kwesihlabathi okujwayelekile, okuhlanganisa isihlabathi esomile, isihlabathi esimanzi nesihlabathi esiqinisa amakhemikhali izinhlobo ezi-3. (2) Ukuphonswa okukhethekile, ngokusho kwempahla yokuphonsa kungahlukaniswa ukuphonswa okukhethekile kwensimbi kanye nokuphonsa okukhethekile kwezinto zensimbi; Ukubunjwa okukhethekile okunensimbi njengento yokuphonsa, okuhlanganisa: ukuphonsa ingcindezi, ukubunjwa kwensimbi, ukuphonsa ingcindezi ephansi, ukusakaza okuqhubekayo, ukusakazwa kwe-centrifugal, njll Ukubunjwa okukhethekile ngesihlabathi samaminerali emvelo njengoba isikhunta sihlanganisa: ukubunjwa kweqiniso, ukutshala izimali, ukuphonsa igobolondo endaweni yokusebenzela yokuphonsa. , ukuphonsa udaka, ukucindezela okungalungile, ukukhishwa kwe-ceramic, njll 2. Ukusakaza kuwuhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokusebenza okushisayo kwensimbi. Ukukhiqizwa kokulingisa kunezinto ezingcono zokusebenza eziphelele, ukuguquguquka okubanzi kokukhiqizwa kokusakaza, nezindleko eziphansi ezingenalutho. 3. Ukusakaza kuyinqubo eyisisekelo yemboni yesimanje yokukhiqiza imishini. Iwukuncibilikisa insimbi ibe uketshezi bese uyithela esibunjeni sokubunjwa. 4. Inqubo yokubunjwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa: (1) Lungiselela isikhunta sokubunjwa (isikhunta esisetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi ewuketshezi ibe ukubunjwa okuqinile, ikhwalithi yesikhunta sokubunjwa ithinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yokuphonsa), ukubunjwa kwesikhunta ngokwenani lokusetshenziswa kungaba ihlukaniswe yaba uhlobo olulahlwayo, uhlobo oluningi kanye nohlobo lwesikhathi eside, isikhunta sokuphonsa ngokusho kwempahla: uhlobo lwensimbi, uhlobo lwesihlabathi, uhlobo lodaka, uhlobo lwe-ceramic, uhlobo lwe-graphite, njll. , i-carbon steel nensimbi engagqwali, njll.; (3) Ukwelashwa nokuhlolwa kokuphonswa, ukwelashwa kokuphonsa kuhlanganisa ukuphonsa izinto zangaphandle kanye nomgogodla, ukwelashwa kwe-protrusions (ukugaya i-burr, ukusika nokuthela izikhuphukeli kanye nokwelashwa komthungo, njll.), ukwelashwa kokushisa, ukubumba, ukukhanda imishini kanye nokwelashwa kokugqwala, njll. 5, ukushiyeka kwemodi yokukhiqiza, ukusakaza kuzoveza umsindo, igesi eyingozi nothuli futhi kungcolise indawo ezungezile, kanye nezinto ezidingekayo (njengezinto zokumodela, insimbi, uphethiloli, ukhuni, njll.) kanye nezinto zokusebenza (njengokwenza izinto ezibalulekile, njll.) umshini, isithando somlilo se-metallurgical, umshini wokubumba, umshini wokuxuba isihlabathi, umshini wokuqhumisa isibhamu, njll.) ngaphezulu. 6. Insimbi ye-Cast ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: i-cast carbon steel, insimbi ephansi ye-alloy kanye nensimbi ekhethekile. ① Cast carbon steel. Insimbi esakazwa ngekhabhoni njengengxenye eyinhloko yengxubevange kanye namanani amancane ezinye izakhi. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungaphansi kuka-0.2% kokuphonswa kwensimbi ye-carbon steel, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni 0.2% ~ 0.5% kokuphonswa kwensimbi ye-carbon steel, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungaphezu kuka-0.5% kokuphonsa insimbi ye-carbon ephezulu. Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, amandla nobulukhuni bensimbi ye-cast carbon kuyanda. Insimbi ye-Cast carbon inamandla aphezulu, ipulasitiki nokuqina, izindleko eziphansi, ezisetshenziswa emishinini esindayo ukwenza izingxenye ezithwala imithwalo emikhulu, njengohlaka lomshini ogingqekayo, isisekelo somshini wokudonsa amanzi, njll. Esitokisini sikaloliwe sokukhiqiza amandla amakhulu futhi izingxenye ezithwala umthelela njengomcamelo, uhlaka oluseceleni, amasondo ne-coupler, njll. ② Ukusakaza insimbi ye-alloy ephansi. Insimbi ye-Cast equkethe i-manganese, i-chromium, ithusi nezinye izakhi ze-alloying. Inani eliphelele lama-elementi engxubevange ngokuvamile lingaphansi kuka-5%, elinokuqina komthelela omkhulu futhi lingathola izakhiwo ezingcono zokuwalungisa ngokwelashwa kokushisa. Ukusakaza insimbi ye-alloy ephansi kunokusebenza okungcono kune-carbon steel, kunganciphisa ikhwalithi yezingxenye, kuthuthukise impilo yesevisi. ③ Ukusakaza insimbi ekhethekile. Izinsimbi ezisansimbi ezihlanganisiwe ezicolisisiwe ukuze zivumelane nezidingo ezikhethekile ziyizinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi, ngokuvamile ziqukethe i-elementi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ephezulu yengxubevange ukuze kutholwe indawo ethile. Isibonelo, insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese equkethe u-11% ~ 14% we-manganese ingakwazi ukumelana nokuguga, futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu izingxenye ezingagugi zemishini yezimayini nemishini yobunjiniyela. Insimbi engagqwali ene-chromium noma i-chromium nickel njengento eyinhloko eyingxubevange, esetshenziswa ekugqwaleni noma ezimeni zokushisa eziphezulu ezingaphezu kuka-650℃ izingxenye zokusebenza, njengemizimba yamavalvu amakhemikhali, amaphampu, iziqukathi noma izindlu ezinkulu zesiteshi sikagesi samandla kagesi. Isifinyezo sezinhlobo zokwehluleka kokuvuza kwevalvu yensimbi engagqwali Indawo evalekayo yevalvu yensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile iyinsimbi engagqwali. Enkambweni yokugaya, ngenxa yokukhethwa okungalungile kwezinto zokugaya kanye nezindlela zokugaya ezingalungile, akugcini nje ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwe-valve, kodwa futhi kuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokwezici zezinto zensimbi engagqwali, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezinomfutho oqinile wokusebenza kanye nokumelana nokugqoka, futhi ekucubunguleni ukuchotshozwa kwe-abrasive kusathinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. I-valve yokugaya i-workpiece iqala kunazo zonke ekugayeni ithuluzi lokugaya, bese kuthi ngosizo lwezinhlayiya eziqhumayo kanye noketshezi lokugaya oluxutshwe ne-agent yokugaya ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokucubungula ukugaya. Amandla okugaya asho amandla asebenza endaweni yokugaya iyunithi, asetshenziswa ethuluzini namandla asebenza endaweni ecutshunguliwe ngezinhlayiya eziqhumayo. Uma ingcindezi incane kakhulu, umphumela wokugaya uncane kakhulu. Ukwanda kokucindezela, umphumela wokugaya uzothuthukiswa, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kuzothuthukiswa. Kodwa-ke, lapho ingcindezi ikhuphukela enanini elithile, kwenzeka okuthile kokugcwaliswa kwesikhala, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokugaya ngokuvamile kufinyelela inani elikhulu. Uma ingcindezi yendawo ngayinye iqhubeka nokukhula, ukusebenza kahle kuncipha. Inkinga yokuvuza kwe-valve yensimbi engenasici ayinakubukelwa phansi, senza isifinyezo esincane sezinkinga ezilandelayo, ngethemba ukuthi kuzosiza inqubo yakho yokusebenzisa: 1. Ukuvuza kokuxhumeka kwe-valve yensimbi engagqwali Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi i-valve futhi ibhowudi yokuxhuma i-valve iyaqiniswa. Uma zingaqinisiwe, indandatho ye-gasket kanye ne-flange sealing groove surface akuhlangene ngokugcwele, okuvame ukuholela ekuvuzeni. Hlola ama-bolts namantongomane ngokulandelana futhi uqinise wonke ama-bolts kuze kube yilapho izindandatho ze-gasket zicindezelwa ngokuqinile. Okwesibili, ubukhulu nokunemba kwendandatho ye-gasket kanye ne-flange sealing groove surface kufanele kuhlolwe. Uma usayizi wendawo yokuxhumana ovalayo ungalungile noma umabi kakhulu, iringi ye-gasket kufanele ilungiswe noma ibuyekezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlola ukuthi ingabe kukhona ukugqwala okuthile, izimbobo zesihlabathi, izimbobo zesihlabathi noma ukungcola endaweni ethintwayo yeringi ye-gasket kanye ne-flange sealing groove. Uma kuneziphambeko ezinjalo, kufanele kulungiswe, kulungiswe noma kuhlanzwe ngendlela efanele. 2. Ukuvuza kwekhava yevalvu yensimbi engagqwali Ukuvuza kwesembozo se-Valve, okubonakaliswa ikakhulukazi ekuvuzeni kokupakisha izimpawu. Okokuqala, hlola ukuthi uphawu lukhethwe ngendlela efanele yini nokuthi luhambisana yini nomsele wokuvala. Uma kunezinkinga ezinjalo, buyisela indandatho yokuvala noma ulungise i-groove yokuvala. Okwesibili, hlola ukuthi izingxenye zokuvala zivela yini i-burr, i-fracturing, i-torsion nezinye izenzakalo, leli cala lithatha indawo yezingxenye zokuvala. Ukwengeza, hlola ukuthi indawo evalekayo ye-groove ngayinye yokuvala ilukhuni noma inazo ezinye izici. Uma kukhona amaphutha, amaphutha kufanele asuswe noma izingxenye ezilimele kufanele zibuyekezwe. Isembozo se-valve noma ubakaki unokupakishwa okufanele kuvalwe ngokucindezelwa. Ukufakwa kwalokhu kupakisha kufanele kuhlolwe. Uma kutholakala ukuthi ukupakisha okuphezulu nangaphansi kufakwe phezulu, kufanele kukhishwe futhi kufakwe kabusha ngokuhambisana nendlela efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlola ukuthi ukunemba kwendawo yokuxhumana yezimpawu kuyahlangabezana yini nezidingo ezishiwo. 3. I-Stainless steel valve body cavity ukuvuza okuhloniphekile Umzimba we-Valve enqubweni yokuphonsa, ngezinye izikhathi kuzoba nezimbobo zesihlabathi, izimbobo zesihlabathi nokunye ukukhubazeka kokukhipha, kunzima ukutholakala kunqubo yomshini, uma ingcindezi isisetshenzisiwe, ukuphonsa okufihliwe. amaphutha azovezwa. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukulungisa i-welding, ukulungisa noma ukuvuselela. 4. Ukuvuza kwepuleti le-valve yesihlalo se-valve yensimbi engagqwali Ukuvuza epuleti lesihlalo kuyisenzakalo esivamile lapho ufaka noma uhlinzeka ngamavalvu. Ngokuvamile, ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: eyodwa ukuvuza kwendawo yokuvala, enye ukuvuza kwezimpande zendandatho yokuvala. Okokuqala, ukunemba kokuxhumana kwendawo yokuvala phakathi kwesihlalo nepuleti le-valve kufanele kubhekwe. Indawo yokuvala kufanele okungenani ibe phansi. Uma ukunemba kwendawo kutholakala ukuthi kulukhuni kakhulu, kufanele kususwe futhi kugaywe futhi. Okwesibili, hlola ukuthi kukhona yini i-pitting, indentation, imigodi yesihlabathi, imifantu kanye nezinye iziphambeko endaweni yokuvala. Kulokhu, ipuleti ye-valve noma isihlalo kufanele kushintshwe. Ukuze isihlalo esinomthombo wokucindezela, ukunwebeka kwentwasahlobo yokucindezela kufanele kuhlolwe ukuze kuhlangabezane nezidingo. Uma i-elasticity ibuthakathaka, intwasahlobo yokucindezela kufanele ibuyekezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlola ukuthi ingabe ukuxhumana okumise okwe-T phakathi kwepuleti le-valve nesiqu se-valve kuxege kakhulu, okuholela ekuthambekeni kwepuleti le-valve ngesikhathi sokuminyanisa. Kulokhu, ipuleti ye-valve kufanele isuswe futhi ilungiswe usayizi ofanele. Ukuvulwa kwangaphakathi komzimba we-valve kulula ukungena ekuhlolweni kwe-welding, ukufakwa kwensimbi, ukungcola nezinye izidumbu zangaphandle ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka. Ama-sundries anjalo kufanele ahlanzwe ngaphambi kokufakwa. Uma ukhohlwa ukuhlanza noma ukuhlanza hhayi kahle, kuzobangela ipuleti ye-valve ukuvala ngaphansi kokujula okulindelekile nokuvuza, kulokhu, susa umzimba we-valve ukuze uhlanze futhi. Isihlalo se-valve yensimbi engagqwali kufanele sifakwe ngethuluzi lokufaka elingcono kakhulu, futhi isihlalo kufanele sihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi sifakwe endaweni. Uma intambo ingajingiwe ekujuleni okufunayo, kuzoba nokuvuza esihlalweni. Kulokhu, isihlalo kufanele sifakwe futhi ngethuluzi elihle kakhulu.