Isimiso sokwelashwa kwe-valve cryogenic kanye nokusetshenziswa kwaso embonini (ezimbili) indlela yokulungiselela imodeli ye-valve umdwebo onemininingwane womdwebo

Isimiso sokwelashwa kwe-valve cryogenic kanye nokusetshenziswa kwaso embonini (ezimbili) indlela yokulungiselela imodeli ye-valve umdwebo onemininingwane Indlela yokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic isesigabeni sokuqala socwaningo. Uma sikhuluma ngokuqhathanisa, indlela ye-cryogenic yezinsimbi ezisansimbi (insimbi nensimbi) iye yafundwa ngokucace kakhudlwana, kuyilapho indlela ye-cryogenic yezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ifundwe kancane, futhi akucaci kahle, ukuhlaziywa kwemishini ekhona ngokuyisisekelo kusekelwe izinto zensimbi nezensimbi. Ukulungiswa kwe-microstructure kuphumela ekuqinisweni nasekuqineni komsebenzi womsebenzi. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ekuhlukaniseni ama-slats aminyene e-martensite. Ezinye izazi zicabanga ukuthi i-martensite lattice constant isishintshile. Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwe-microstructure kubangelwa ukubola kwe-martensite kanye nemvula yama-carbides amahle. Ukuxhumana okuphezulu: Isimiso sokwelashwa kwe-valve cryogenic kanye nokusebenza kwayo kwezimboni (1) 2. Indlela yokwelapha ye-Cryogenic Indlela yokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic isesigabeni sokuqala socwaningo. Uma sikhuluma ngokuqhathanisa, indlela ye-cryogenic yezinsimbi ezisansimbi (insimbi nensimbi) iye yafundwa ngokucace kakhudlwana, kuyilapho indlela ye-cryogenic yezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ifundwe kancane, futhi akucaci kahle, ukuhlaziywa kwemishini ekhona ngokuyisisekelo kusekelwe izinto zensimbi nezensimbi. I-2.1 Indlela ye-Cryogenic ye-alloy ferrous (insimbi) Emshinini wokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic yezinto zensimbi nezensimbi, ucwaningo lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle luye lwathuthukiswa kakhulu futhi lujulile, futhi wonke umuntu uye wafinyelela ukuvumelana ngokuyisisekelo, imibono eyinhloko imi kanje. 2.1.1 Ukuna kwe-superfine carbides evela e-martensite, okuholela ekuqinisweni kokuhlakazeka, kuqinisekiswe cishe yizo zonke izifundo. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi i-martensite i-cryogenic ku -196℃ futhi ngenxa yokuncipha kwevolumu, i-lattice ye-Fe The njalo inomkhuba wokuncipha, ngaleyo ndlela iqinise amandla okushayela kwemvula ye-carbon athomu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ukusabalalisa kunzima kakhulu futhi nebanga lokusabalalisa lifushane ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi, inani elikhulu lama-ultrafine carbides ahlakazekile atholakala ku-matrix ye-martensite. 2.1.2 Ukushintsha kwe-austenite eyinsalela Emazingeni okushisa aphansi (ngezansi kwephoyinti le-Mf), i-austenite eyinsalela iyabola futhi iguquke ibe yi-martensite, okuthuthukisa ubulukhuni namandla ocezu lokusebenza. Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukupholisa i-cryogenic kungaqeda ngokuphelele i-austenite esele. Ezinye izazi zathola ukuthi ukupholisa i-cryogenic kunganciphisa kuphela inani le-austenite esele, kodwa akukwazanga ukukuqeda ngokuphelele. Kukholelwa futhi ukuthi ukupholisa kwe-cryogenic kushintsha ukuma, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nesakhiwo se-austenite esalayo, okuzuzisa ukuthuthukisa amandla nokuqina kwensimbi. 2.1.3 Ukulungiswa Kwenhlangano Ukucolisiswa kwesakhiwo esincane kuholela ekuqinisweni nasekuqiniseni ucezu lomsebenzi. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ekuhlukaniseni ama-slats aminyene e-martensite. Ezinye izazi zicabanga ukuthi i-martensite lattice constant isishintshile. Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwe-microstructure kubangelwa ukubola kwe-martensite kanye nemvula yama-carbides amahle. 2.1.4 Ukucindezelwa kwensalela okucindezelwayo endaweni Inqubo yokupholisa ingase ibangele ukugeleza kwepulasitiki kumaphutha (ama-micropores, ukugxila kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi). Phakathi nenqubo yokushisa kabusha, ukucindezeleka okusalayo kukhiqizwa ebusweni be-void, okunganciphisa umonakalo wesici kumandla wendawo wento. Ukusebenza okuphezulu ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana nokugqokwa kwe-abrasive. 2.1.5 Ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kudlulisa kancane amandla e-kinetic ama-athomu ensimbi Kukhona kokubili amandla abophayo agcina ama-athomu eseduze kanye namandla e-kinetic awagcina ehlukene. Ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kudlulisa kancane amandla e-kinetic phakathi kwama-athomu, ngaleyo ndlela kwenza ama-athomu ahlangane eduze futhi athuthukise okuqukethwe kocansi kwensimbi. 2.2 Indlela yokwelapha ye-Cryogenic yama-alloys angenayo i-ferrous 2.2.1 Indlela yokusebenza yokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ku-carbide enosimende Kuye kwabikwa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kungathuthukisa ubulukhuni, amandla aguquguqukayo, ukuqina komthelela kanye nokucindezela kazibuthe kwe-carbides enosimende. Kodwa kwenza ukungena kwayo kwehle. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa, indlela yokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ingokulandelayo: ingxenye ethi A -- Co ishintshwa ibe ngu-ξ -- Co ngokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic, futhi ukucindezeleka okuthile okusalayo okucindezelayo kukhiqizwa kungqimba olungaphezulu 2.2.2 Indlela yokusebenza yokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ama-alloys asekelwe ethusi nethusi Li Zhicao et al. wafunda umphumela wokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ku-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo ze-H62 zethusi. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kungakhuphula okuqukethwe okuhlobene kwe-β-isigaba ku-microstructure, okwenza i-microstructure ijwayele ukuzinza, futhi ingathuthukisa kakhulu ubulukhuni namandla e-H62 yethusi. Kuyasiza futhi ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa, ukusimamisa usayizi nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uCong Jilin noWang Xiumin et al. yaseDalian University of Technology yafunda ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kwezinto ezisekelwe ku-Cu, ikakhulukazi i-CuCr50 vacuum switch switch materials, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kungenza i-microstructure icwengwe kakhulu, futhi kwakukhona umcimbi we-dialysis ohlangene lapho kuhlangana khona ama-alloys amabili. , kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlayiya ezincibilika ebusweni bama-alloys amabili. Kufana nokwenzeka kwe-carbide ekhuphuka emngceleni wokusanhlamvu kanye nendawo ye-matrix yensimbi enesivinini esikhulu ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic. Ukwengeza, ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic, ukumelana nokugqwala kagesi kwe-vacuum contact material kuyathuthukiswa. Imiphumela yocwaningo yokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ye-electrode yethusi emazweni angaphandle ibonisa ukuthi ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kuyathuthukiswa, ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kokuphela kwe-welding kuyancipha, futhi impilo yesevisi yanda cishe izikhathi ezingu-9. Kodwa-ke, ayikho inkolelo-mbono ecacile mayelana nomshini we-alloy yethusi, okungenzeka ukuthi kubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-alloy yethusi ekushiseni okuphansi, okufana nokuguqulwa kwe-austenite esele ku-martensite ngensimbi, kanye nokulungiswa kokusanhlamvu. Kodwa indlela enemininingwane ayikakanqunywa. 2.2.3 Umphumela kanye nendlela yokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ezimpahleni zama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel Kunemibiko embalwa yokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic yama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel. Kubikwa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kungathuthukisa i-plasticity yama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel futhi kunciphise ukuzwela kwabo ekugxilweni kokucindezeleka okuhlukile. Incazelo yabalobi bezincwadi ukuthi ukuphumula kokucindezeleka kwezinto kubangelwa ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic, futhi ama-microcracks athuthuka ngokuphambene. 2.2.4 Umphumela kanye nendlela yokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ezindaweni zama-alloys amorphous Ngokuqondene nomphumela wokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ezindaweni zama-alloys amorphous, i-Co57Ni10Fe5B17 iye yafundwa ezincwadini, futhi kutholakala ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqoka futhi izakhiwo zemishini yezinto ze-amorphous. Ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kukhuthaza ukubekwa kwezinto ezingezona kazibuthe ebusweni, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwesakhiwo okufana nokuphumula kwesakhiwo ngesikhathi se-crystallization. 2.2.5 Umthelela kanye nendlela yokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ku-aluminium ne-aluminium-based alloy I-Aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloy alloy processing ucwaningo iyindawo ethandwa kakhulu ocwaningweni lokwelashwa kwasekhaya kwe-cryogenic eminyakeni yamuva, uLi Huan no-chuan-hai jiang et al. Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic kungaqeda ukucindezeleka okusele kwe-aluminium silicon carbide composite material futhi kuthuthukise i-modulus yayo yokunwebeka, ukuthula i-Shang Guang fang-wei jin nabanye bathola ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kobukhulu be-aluminium alloy, ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwemishini. , ukuthuthukisa amandla nobulukhuni bezinto ezibonakalayo, Nokho, abazange benze ucwaningo oluhlelekile ngendlela ehlobene, kodwa ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi ukucindezeleka okukhiqizwa izinga lokushisa kwandisa ukuminyana kokususa futhi kubangele. U-Chen Ding et al. kusuka eCentral South University of Technology yafunda ngokuhlelekile umphumela wokwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ezindaweni zama-alloys e-aluminium asetshenziswa ngokuvamile. Bathola isenzakalo sokujikeleza okusanhlamvu kwama-alloys e-aluminium okubangelwa ukwelashwa kwe-cryogenic ocwaningweni lwabo, futhi bahlongoza uchungechunge lwezindlela ezintsha zokuqinisa i-cryogenic zama-alloys e-aluminium. Ngokwezinga le-GB/T1047-2005, ububanzi obuncane be-valve kuwuphawu kuphela, olumelelwa inhlanganisela yophawu "DN" nenombolo. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile abukwazi ukuba yinani elilinganisiwe lobubanzi be-valve, futhi inani langempela lobubanzi be-valve lishiwo yizindinganiso ezifanele. Inani elijwayelekile elilinganisiwe (iyunithi mm) akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-95% yenani losayizi wezinga. Usayizi wegama uhlukaniswe ngesistimu yemethrikhi (uphawu: DN) kanye nohlelo lwaseBrithani (uphawu: NPS). I-valve ejwayelekile kazwelonke uhlelo lwemethrikhi, futhi i-valve ejwayelekile yaseMelika uhlelo lwaseBrithani. Ngaphansi kokucindezela kwezimboni, ukuthuthela emadolobheni, ** kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ithemba lemboni yokukhiqiza imishini yama-valve libanzi, imboni ye-valve yesikhathi esizayo **, yasekhaya, yesimanje, izoba isiqondiso esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-valve yesikhathi esizayo. Ukuphishekela ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo, kwakha imakethe entsha yamabhizinisi ama-valve, ukuze kuvunyelwe amabhizinisi emqhudelwaneni oshubile oshubile embonini yama-valve wephampu ukuze asinde futhi athuthuke. Ekukhiqizeni i-valve kanye nokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe, i-valve yasekhaya ayikho emuva kune-valve yangaphandle, ngokuphambene nalokho, imikhiqizo eminingi kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusha ingafaniswa namabhizinisi omhlaba, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-valve yasekhaya kuya phambili isiqondiso sesimanje. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-valve, ukusetshenziswa kwenkundla ye-valve kuyaqhubeka nokwanda, futhi izinga elihambisanayo le-valve nalo lidingeka kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yezimboni zama-valve ingene esikhathini sokuqanjwa kabusha, hhayi izigaba zomkhiqizo kuphela ezidinga ukubuyekezwa, ukuphathwa kwangaphakathi kwebhizinisi nakho kudinga ukujuliswa ngokuya ngamazinga embonini. I-diameter yegama kanye nengcindezi ye-valve ye-GB/T1047-2005 ejwayelekile, ububanzi obuncane be-valve kuwuphawu kuphela, olumelelwa inhlanganisela yophawu "DN" nenombolo, usayizi okuzisholo awukwazi ukuba ** inani elilinganisiwe le-valve, inani langempela lobubanzi be-valve lishiwo yizindinganiso ezifanele, inani elilinganisiwe elijwayelekile (iyunithi mm) akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-95% yenani losayizi ojwayelekile. Usayizi wegama uhlukaniswe ngesistimu yemethrikhi (uphawu: DN) kanye nohlelo lwaseBrithani (uphawu: NPS). I-valve ejwayelekile kazwelonke uhlelo lwe-metric, futhi i-valve ejwayelekile yaseMelika uhlelo lwaseBrithani. Inani lemethrikhi ye-DN limi kanje: Inani elincanyelwayo le-DN limi kanje: DN10(ubukhulu obujwayelekile 10mm), DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN125, DN150, DN20, DN20, DN20 DN300, DN350, DN400, DN450, DN500, DN600, DN700, DN800, DN900, DN1000, DN1100, DN1200, DN1400,DN1600, DN2020, DN2020, DN2020, DN18000 , DN3000, DN3200, DN3500, DN4000 Ngokusho kwe-GB/ I-T1048-2005 ejwayelekile, ukucindezela okulinganiselwe kwe-valve nakho kuyinkomba, emelelwa inhlanganisela yophawu "PN" nenombolo. Ukucindezela okuzisholo (iyunithi: i-Mpa Mpa) ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokubala, hhayi ** inani langempela elilinganisiwe le-valve, inhloso yokusungulwa kwengcindezi yamagama ukwenza lula ukucaciswa kwenombolo yokucindezela kwevalvu, ekukhetheni , amayunithi okuklama, amayunithi okukhiqiza kanye namayunithi okusetshenziswa ahambisana nezinhlinzeko zedatha eduze nomgomo, ukusungulwa kosayizi wegama kuyinjongo efanayo. Ukucindezela okuzisholo kuhlukaniswe ngesistimu yaseYurophu (PN) kanye nesistimu yaseMelika (> PN0.1 (ingcindezi yokulinganisa 0.1mpa), PN0.6, PN1.0, PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63/64 , PN100/110, PN150/160, PN260, PN320, PN420 > Isandulela sokulungiselela imodeli ye-valve Imodeli ye-VALVE kufanele ngokuvamile ibonise uhlobo lwe-valve, imodi yokushayela, ifomu lokuxhuma, izici zesakhiwo, izinto ezingaphezulu zokuvala, impahla yomzimba we-valve kanye nokucindezela okujwayelekile nokunye. Izakhi zokulinganisa ze-valve zilungele ukuklama, ukukhethwa nokudayiswa kwama-valve Ezinsukwini zamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningi nezisetshenziswa zama-valve, futhi uhlelo lwama-valve luya ngokuya luyinkimbinkimbi izinga lokusungulwa kwemodeli ye-valve, kodwa ngokwandayo alikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-valve Lapho ingakwazi ukusebenzisa inombolo evamile ye-valve entsha, umkhiqizi ngamunye angalungiswa ngokwezidingo zakhe isetshenziswa kuma-valve esango, ama-throttle valves, ama-ball valves, ama-butterfly valves, ama-diaphragm valves, ama-plunger valves, ama-PLUG valve, ama-sheke valve, ama-valve okuphepha, ama-valve okunciphisa ingcindezi, izicupho njalonjalo kumapayipi ezimboni. Ihlanganisa imodeli ye-valve kanye negama le-valve. Indlela yokulungiselela ethize yevalvu Okulandelayo umdwebo wokulandelana wekhodi ngayinye endleleni yokubhala yemodeli yevalvu evamile: Umdwebo wokulandelana wokulungiselela imodeli yevalvu Ukuqonda umdwebo ongakwesokunxele kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqonda amamodeli amavalvu ahlukahlukene. Nasi isibonelo sokukunikeza ukuqonda okujwayelekile: Uhlobo lwevalvu: "Z961Y-100> "Z" iyunithi 1; "9" amayunithi angu-2; "6" amayunithi angu-3; "1" amayunithi angu-4; "Y" "I-100" ingamayunithi angu-6 "I" ingeyeyunithi yesi-7 Amamodeli we-valve yilawa: i-valve yesango, idrayivu kagesi, uxhumano olushiselwe, isango elilodwa le-wedge, i-carbide seal, i-10Mpa pressure, i-chrome-molybdenum body material; . Iyunithi 1: Ikhodi yohlobo lwevalvu Ngamavalvu aneminye imisebenzi noma ngezinye izindlela ezikhethekile, engeza igama lesiShayina ngaphambi kwekhodi yohlobo lwevalvu Ngezinhlamvu zama-alfabhethi, ngokwethebula elilandelayo: Amayunithi amabili: Imodi yokudlulisa Iyunithi 3: Uhlobo lokuxhuma Iyunithi Yesine: Uhlobo lwesakhiwo Ikhodi yesakhiwo se-valve yesango Ikhodi yefomu yesakhiwo Amakhodi wesakhiwo weglobhu, ama-throttle nama-plunger valves