Izinyathelo zokuhlola nokukhetha i-valve Izimbangela nokugcinwa kwe-valve ngokwengxenye

Izinyathelo zokuhlola nokukhetha i-valve Izimbangela zokuhluleka kwe-valve ingxenye kanye nokunakekelwa Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwe-valve kuhlanganisa amandla, ukuvala, ukumelana nokugeleza, isenzo kanye nempilo yesevisi yezici ezinhlanu. Imikhiqizo yevalvu ngaphambi kwefekthri kufanele ibe ukuhlolwa kwamandla kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuvala, kwamanye ama-valve abaluleke kakhulu, kufanele ibe kumasampula eqoqo okumelana nokugeleza, isenzo kanye nempilo yesevisi izici ezintathu zokuhlolwa kokusebenza, ukuze i-valve yokuphepha yenze ingcindezi evulekile, ingcindezi yangemuva. kanye nokuhlolwa kokufuduka; Ukuze i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi yenze ukuhlolwa kokuzwela; Ukuze isicupho senze ukuhlolwa kokugudluza... Ukuhlolwa kwevalvu Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yefekthri yemikhiqizo yamavalvu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana namazinga afanele kazwelonke kanye namazinga emboni. Uma kudingeka isitifiketi esifanele, sicela usicacise lapho ufaka i-oda, futhi izimali ezifanele zizokhokhiswa ngokuvumelana nokuqukethwe kokuhlolwa. 1 Ukuhlolwa kwasefekthri kwamavalvu kuvame ukuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: ● Hlola ukuthi impahla, okungenalutho, umshini nokuhlanganisa amavalvu kuyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe; ● Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwe-valve kuhlanganisa amandla, ukuvala, ukumelana nokugeleza, isenzo kanye nempilo yesevisi yezici ezinhlanu. Imikhiqizo yevalvu ngaphambi kwefekthri kufanele ibe ukuhlolwa kwamandla kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuvala, kwamanye ama-valve abaluleke kakhulu, kufanele ibe kumasampula eqoqo okumelana nokugeleza, isenzo kanye nempilo yesevisi izici ezintathu zokuhlolwa kokusebenza, ukuze i-valve yokuphepha yenze ingcindezi evulekile, ingcindezi yangemuva. kanye nokuhlolwa kokufuduka; Ukuze i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi yenze ukuhlolwa kokuzwela; Ukuze isicupho senze ukuhlolwa kokufuduka; ● Amamaki okuhlolwa nopende wokufutha ohlonzayo, ukupakishwa nezinye izici kuhambisana nezinhlinzeko ezifanele, isitifiketi somkhiqizo nemiyalelo yomkhiqizo kanye neminye imibhalo yobuchwepheshe kuqediwe. ● Ukuhlola usayizi: lawula usayizi wesiphetho sokuxhuma kanye nebanga phakathi kwezindawo. (Umfanekiso 1) Uhlobo lokukhweza ohlangothini oluhlanganisiwe lwe-valve yebhola Ukwethulwa kwezinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ● Ukwakheka kwekhemikhali Ngaphambi kokusakazwa, ukwakheka kwesithando somlilo ngasinye kuhlaziywa nge-spectral analyzer, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kufaneleka ngaphambi kokuphonsa ● I-Metallography, imingcele yezakhiwo zemishini, ukuqina. ◆ Ukwelashwa ukushisa (austenitic insimbi engagqwali CF8, CF8M, CF3M kanye nezinye eziqinile isixazululo ukwelashwa; Ngemva normalizing the carbon steel), ukuhlaziywa metallographic wenziwa futhi izithombe metallographic zishiywe. I-oda elingashintshiwe elingafanelekile ◆ Lapho uphonsa, isithando somlilo ngasinye sinemigoqo yokuhlola engu-2 kanye nezingcezu zokuhlola ezingu-2 (ezinemikhiqizo yesithando somlilo efanayo zinenombolo efanayo yesithando sokulawula ukulandelela), ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa -- (Umfanekiso 2) i-valve yezinhlamvu ezimbili ① Enye yezinduku zokuhlola yathathwa ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuqinile ngomshini wokuhlola oqinile ukuze kutholwe izici eziwumshini ezihlobene nemingcele: amandla aqinile, amandla okukhiqiza, ukunwetshwa, ukuncishiswa kwendawo ② Esinye sezifanekiso sahlolwa umhloli wobulukhuni be-Brinell ukuthola ubulukhuni be-HB; Uma kudingekile, sika ube yizicucu zokuhlola umthelela ngokuhlolwa komthelela womshini wokuhlola umthelela, ukuze uthole inani lomthelela (3) Induku yokuhlola engu-1 esele kanye nebhulokhi yokuhlola engu-1 ukuze igcinelwe, kanye nokuhlola kucekelwe phansi induku yokuhlola engu-1 nebhulokhi yokuhlola futhi Ibhulokhi yokuhlola impahla yomlilo ehlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​igcinwe endaweni yokubeka induku yokuhlola iminyaka emibili (Umfanekiso 3) uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-valve yebhola ● Ukuhlolwa kwe-electrostatic Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-valve nangaphambi kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi, esimweni esomile, sebenzisa imitha yendawo yonke ukuhlola ukumelana kwe-12 VDC, ngokusho kwe-API608 ukumelana ≤10 ohms (Qaphela: Isivinini esikhulu ngokusebenzisa uketshezi olungaphakathi kwepayipi, ukungqubuzana kulula ukukhiqiza ugesi omile, ngoba ukufakwa kukagesi, isihlalo esithambile, njenge-PTFE ipayipi yokufaka i-valve ye-valve kanye ne-valve umzimba, kubangela ukuphakama kwendawo ka-electrostatic noma ukugxila, ukukhiqiza kalula ubungozi uma kwenzeka kuba nenhlansi, ngakho-ke kufanele kube nomklamo wedivayisi yokugxilisa i-antistatic, imithetho ye-API608 phakathi kwesiqu se-valve nomzimba we-valve wokumelana nomqhubi kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-10 Ω) Inani letorque eliphansi. Ngemva kokuhlolwa komfutho womoya ongu-6Kg/cm2 we-valve, inani le-torque levalvu litholwa imitha ye-torsion esimweni esihlanzekile nesingenawo uwoyela ● Ukuhlolwa kwempilo Yonke imikhiqizo emisha ethuthukisiwe, noma umzimba wevalvu, ikhava yevalvu, isihlalo sevalvu, isiqu se-valve kanye ibhokisi lokupakisha izinguquko zokwakheka kosayizi wesakhiwo, noma isihlalo sevalvu, ukupakisha izinguquko zempahla, kuzosebenzisa umshini wokuhlola impilo ukwenza izinyathelo zokukhetha i-valve ● Izici nemisebenzi eyinhloko yevalvu ifinyezwa kuThebula 11 kanye neThebula 12 ● Idayamitha yegama noma ukugeleza - bheka ikhathalogi yomkhiqizi ukuze ukhethe ububanzi bevalvu obufanele ● Ingcindezi elinganiselwe -- izinga lokushisa -- Bheka kuThebula 3: Ukucindezela okulinganiselwe kwevalvu evamile yensimbi -- ithebula lokushisa ● Ifomu letheminali yevalvu -- bheka isigaba sangaphambilini (FIG. 4) I-valve yebhola eneziqephu ezintathu ● Impahla yesakhiwo sevalvu -- ukumelana nokugqwala, izinga lokushisa. Bheka kuThebula 4: umkhawulo wokushisa wokukhethwa kwempahla yezindlu zamavalvu; Ithebula 5: Umkhawulo wezinga lokushisa lokufakwa okukhethekile kwamavalvu; Ithebula 6: Itafula lokumelana nokugqwala lezinto zensimbi; Ithebula 7: Uhlu lwezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka Ithebula 8: Izisetshenziswa ezivamile zokuhlala ezithambile izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo ● Ifomu lekhava yevalvu -- uhlobo lwenhlanganisela yamazinyo okukhiya; Uhlobo oluboshiwe; Uhlobo lwe-welding ye-circumferential; Isici sokucindezela; Inhlanganisela engafanele ● Izidingo zesakhiwo esikhethekile -- ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa, izindawo ezihlukene, nezimfuneko ezikhethekile ■ Ukuvimbela umlilo kanye nomklamo omelene ne-static. Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukwakheka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamavalvu ebhola ■ Idizayini yebhonethi eyandisiwe. Isetshenziswa ku-valve yesiqandisi ukudlulisa igesi ewuketshezi ■ Ukunciphisa umsindo ne-cavitation. Ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamavalvu okulawula ■ Idizayini yesithenjwa yesikhwama sokunweba ngokumelene nokuvuza kokupakisha. ● Imodi yokusebenza -- bona okumbalwa okuchazwe esigabeni 1.1 ngenhla. Ngokuvamile kukhawulelwe endaweni yokufaka, ukusebenza, izimo zokusebenza noma izikhathi, nokucatshangelwa kwedivayisi kagesi, yokushayela ugesi; Kodwa ngenxa yomnotho nokuqina kwesondo lesandla noma isinciphisi segiya, lisasetshenziswa abantu abaningi. Ithebula 11 Izici ze-valve ezivamile Izimbangela nokugcinwa kokungasebenzi kwe-valve ingxenye Ukuvuza Ukupakisha Imbangela yenkinga ● Ukukhetha kokugcwalisa akulungile, nendawo ebolayo, izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela akuzivumelanisi nezimo. ● Ukufakwa kokupakisha akulungile, ikakhulukazi ukupakisha konke ngokuzungezisa okokugcina, ukukhiqiza ukuvuza kulula. ● Isigcwalisi esingaphezu kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, besilokhu siguga, silahlekelwa ukunwebeka. ● Inombolo enganele yamaringi okupakisha. ● Ukunemba kokucutshungulwa kwesiqu noma ukuqeda phezulu akwanele, noma i-ellipticity, noma inotshi. ● Ukusebenza okungalungile, amandla amaningi. Izindlela zokunakekela ● Izinto zokugcwalisa kanye nohlobo kufanele kukhethwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza. ● Shake, impande yekhoyili kufanele ibekwe futhi icindezelwe nxazonke, ilunga libe ngu-30 noma 45. ● Ukuguga nokupakisha okulimele kufanele kushintshwe ngesikhathi. ● Isigcwalisi kufanele sifakwe ngokuya ngenani elishiwo lokujika. ● Gcina imithetho yokusebenza, ngaphandle kohlobo lwesondo lomthelela, elinesivinini esifanayo nokusebenza kwamandla okuvamile. ● Amabhawodi endlala kufanele aqiniswe ngokulinganayo futhi alingane. Ukuvuza ku-gasket kungani ● I-gasket imelana nokugqwala, ukucindezela okukhulu, i-vacuum, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma eliphansi. ● Ukusebenza akusheleli, okubangela ukucindezela kwe-valve, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. ● Amandla okucindezela i-gasket awanele. ● Ukuhlanganiswa okungalungile kwe-gasket, amandla angalingani. ● Indawo ye-gasket ilukhuni, ixutshwe nodaba lwangaphandle. Izindlela zokunakekela ● Impahla ye-gasket kufanele ikhethwe ngokwezimo zokusebenza. ● Lungisa ngokucophelela, ukusebenza kahle. ● Amabhawodi kufanele aqiniswe ngokulinganayo futhi alingane. ● Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-gasket kufanele kube amandla afanayo, i-gasket ayivunyelwe ukugoqa futhi isebenzise i-gasket kabili. ● Naka ukuhlanza lapho ufaka ama-gaskets, futhi uhlanze indawo yokuvala ngophalafini. Ukuvuza endaweni yokuvala kungani ● Indawo yokuvala ayilingani futhi ayikwazi ukwenza umugqa oqinile. ● Iziqu nezingxenye ezivalayo zesikhungo sokuxhuma ezilengayo, ziqondile noma zigugile. ● Ukugoba kwesiqu noma ukuhlanganisa akulungile, ukuze izingxenye zokuvala zitsheke. ● Ukukhetha okungafanele kwezinto ezingaphezulu zokuvala, ukugqwala kokuvala, ukuguguleka, ukuguga. ● Ukuphathwa kwendawo nokushisa okungahambelani nemithetho yokusebenza, ukuguga, ukugqwala, ukuqhekeka, njll. ● Indawo evalekayo iyaxebuka. Izindlela zokulungisa ● Ukuvala indawo yokugaya, amathuluzi okugaya, ukukhetha i-ejenti ehuphukayo kunengqondo, ngemva kokuhlolwa kombala wokugaya, indawo yokuvala ngaphandle kokuhlehlisa, imifantu, imihuzuko nokunye ukonakala. ● Isikhungo esiphezulu sokuxhuma phakathi kwesiqu kanye nengxenye yokuvala ayihlangabezani nezidingo, kufanele sinqunywe, isikhungo esiphezulu kufanele sibe nemvume ethile yomsebenzi, imvume ye-axial phakathi kwehlombe le-stem kanye nengxenye yokuvala ayikho ngaphansi kwe-2 mm. ● Qondisa futhi ugobe isiqu, lungisa isiqu, i-stem nut, izingxenye ezivalayo, isihlalo ku-eksisi evamile. ● Ukukhethwa kokumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuhuzuka nokunye ukusebenza ngokuhambisana nezimo zokusebenza kwendawo yokuvala. ● I-valve yokushisa ephezulu, ngemva kokuvala ukuncipha okubandayo kubonakala i-seam emihle, ngemva kokuvala isikhawu sesikhathi esithile ukuvala futhi. ● Ukusika i-valve ye-valve, engavunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-throttle valve, i-valve yokunciphisa, izingxenye zokuvala kufanele zivuleke ngokugcwele noma zivaliwe ngokugcwele, uma kunesidingo sokulungisa ukugeleza okuphakathi nokucindezela, kufanele kusethwe ngokuhlukana kwe-throttle valve kanye ne-valve yokunciphisa. ● Indawo yokuvala engakwazi ukulungiswa kufanele ishintshwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuvala isiqephu kungani ● Ukusebenza kabi, kangangokuthi izingxenye ezivalayo zanamathela noma ngaphezu kwephuzu elifile, ukuphuka kokulimala kwamalunga. ● Izingxenye zokuvala azixhumekile ngokuqinile, ziyaxega futhi ziyawa. ● Izinto zokuxhuma azilungile, azikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kokugqoka okuphakathi nendawo. Izindlela zokulungisa ● Ukuze usebenze kahle, vala i-valve ayikwazi ukuba nzima kakhulu, vula i-valve ayikwazi ukudlula indawo efile ephezulu, i-valve ivuleke ngokugcwele, isondo lesandla kufanele lihlehliswe kancane. ● Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zokuvala nesiqu kufanele kube okulungile futhi kuqine, futhi akumele kube nezingxenye zokubuyisela ekuxhumekeni kwentambo. ● Izixhumi ezihlanganisa izingxenye zokuvala kanye nesiqu se-valve kufanele zimelane nokugqwala kwe-medium, futhi zibe namandla athile omshini nokumelana nokugqoka, izingxenye zokuvala ziyawa nakuba zingavamile, kodwa kuyiphutha eliyingozi kakhulu. Isiqu asiguquguquki kungani ● Isiqu se-valve nezingxenye zayo ezihambisanayo zinokunemba okuphansi komshini kanye nokuvuleka okuncane kakhulu. ● Izimbazo zesiqu, i-stem nut, ubakaki, indlala nokupakishwa azikho emgqeni oqondile. ● Ukupakisha kuqine kakhulu. ● Isiqu sigobile futhi sonakele. ● Uchungechunge aluhlanzekile noma alugqwalile, izimo zokuthambisa ezingezinhle. ● Amantongomane axega, ucingo olushelelayo. ● Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesiqu se-valve nomshini wokudlulisela kukhululekile noma konakele. Izindlela zokunakekela ● Thuthukisa ukunemba kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yokulungisa isiqu ne-stem nut, ukuze imvume kufanele ifanele. ● Isiqu somhlangano nokufakwayo, imvume iyahambisana, igxile, ishintshashintsha. ● Ukupakisha kuminyene kakhulu, khulula indlala ngendlela efanele. ● Ukugotshwa kwesiqu kufanele kulungiswe, kube nzima ukulungisa, kufanele kushintshwe. Sebenzisa isiqu ngamandla okuvala afanele. ● Izintambo zesiqu, i-stem nut kufanele ngokuvamile zihlanze futhi zengeze amafutha okugcoba, ukuze amavalvu okushisa aphezulu, agcotshwe ngephini le-disulfide noma impushana yegraphite ukuze kugcotshwe. ● I-stem nut exegayo kufanele ilungiswe, ayikwazi ukulungiswa ngesikhathi ukuze ibuyiselwe. ● Yenza uwoyela wamantongomane ubushelelezi, ugcobe kahle, ungavami ukusebenzisa i-valve, hlola njalo kanye nomsebenzi wesiqu, kutholakale ukuthi kuguge futhi kulume, kulungiswe ngesikhathi esifanele i-stem nut, ubakaki nezinye izesekeli. ● Ukuze i-valve isebenze ngendlela efanele, amandla okuvala kufanele afaneleke ukugwema ukuguquguquka nokulimala kwesiqu. ● Ngemva kokuvala, lapho i-valve ifudunyezwa futhi inwetshiwe, ngemva kokuba i-valve ivaliwe, ngesikhawu esithile, phendula isondo lesandla liye kwewashi kancane ukuze uvimbele ukuthi isiqu singabulawa. , Ukuvuza komzimba nebhonethi kungani ● Umzimba wevalvu unembobo yesihlabathi noma umqheke. ● I-valve umzimba oqinile uqhekeka ngesikhathi sokushisela. Izindlela zokunakekela ● Indawo okusoleka ukuthi i-crack izopholishwa, kufakwe ingxube ye-nitric acid engu-4%, njengemifantu ingaboniswa. ● Gcoba noma shintsha umfantu.