Ukulandelana kokuhlolwa kwe-valve kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ngaphambi nangemuva kokufakwa kwempahla ye-valve incazelo emaphakathi esebenzayo

Ukulandelana kokuhlolwa kwe-valve nezinyathelo zokuphepha ngaphambi nangemuva kokufakwa kwe-valve okusebenzayo incazelo emaphakathi Ingcindezi yokuhlolwa kwegobolondo yevalvu izikhathi ezingu-1.5 zokucindezela okukhulu okuvunyelwe ukusebenza lapho i-valve iku-20 ℃, futhi ukuhlolwa kokuvala kuyizikhathi ezingu-1.1 zomsebenzi omkhulu ovunyelwe. ingcindezi uma i-valve iku-20 ℃. Ubude besikhathi sokuhlola akumele bube ngaphansi kwemizuzu emi-5. Izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lingu-5 ~ 40℃. (4) Ukuqinisekiswa kwevalvu yokuphepha kuzohambisana nezinhlinzeko zamazinga amanje kazwelonke kanye nemibhalo yokuklama yokubeka ukulungiswa kokucindezela nokuhlolwa kokuvala. I-valve yokuphepha kufanele irekhodwe kahle, ivalwe, ikhishwe umbiko wokuhlola. (1) Ivalvu kufanele ihlolwe ikhwalithi yokubukeka ngaphambi kokufakwa, umzimba we-valve kufanele uphelele, indlela yokuvula kufanele iguquguquke, isiqu se-valve akufanele sitsheke, sikhubazekile, siminyaniswe, futhi uphawu kufanele luphelele. (2) Ukuhlolwa kwe-valve yegobolondo ye-valve kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvala kufanele kwenziwe, ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kwegobolondo le-valve kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvala uphawu kufanele kube amanzi ahlanzekile njengokuhlola kwe-valve yensimbi engagqwali, okuqukethwe kwe-ion chloride emanzini akufanele kudlule u-25ppm. (3) ingcindezi yokuhlolwa kwegobolondo yevalvu izikhathi ezingu-1.5 zokucindezela okukhulu okuvunyelwe ukusebenza lapho i-valve iku-20 ℃, futhi ukuhlolwa kokuvala kuyizikhathi ezingu-1.1 zokucindezela okukhulu okuvunyelwe ukusebenza lapho i-valve iku-20 ℃. Ubude besikhathi sokuhlola akumele bube ngaphansi kwemizuzu emi-5. Izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lingu-5 ~ 40℃. (4) Ukuqinisekiswa kwevalvu yokuphepha kuzohambisana nezinhlinzeko zamazinga amanje kazwelonke kanye nemibhalo yokuklama yokubeka ukulungiswa kokucindezela nokuhlolwa kokuvala. I-valve yokuphepha kufanele irekhodwe kahle, ivalwe, ikhishwe umbiko wokuhlola. Okubalulekile kwe-valve okusebenzayo okuchazayo okumaphakathi okusebenzayo incazelo emaphakathi: 1, ukusebenza kwe-valve okuvamise ukusetshenziswa (1) Insimbi (1) Insimbi ekhonjiwe empunga: njenge-HT200, HT250, njll., ifanele i-PN≤16, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo phakathi -10℃ ~ 100℃ uwoyela, uketshezi olujwayelekile oluphakathi (amanzi, isitimu, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, njll.); I-PN≤10, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo eliphakathi kuka -10℃~200℃ umusi, imvelo evamile yegesi, igesi, i-ammonia neminye imidiya (i-ammonia, utshwala, i-aldehyde, i-ether, i-ketone, i-ester neminye imithombo yezindaba engagqwali kakhulu). Ayifanele i-hydrochloric acid, i-nitric acid neminye imidiya. Kodwa ingasetshenziswa ku-sulfuric acid egxilile, ngoba i-sulfuric acid egxilile ingakhiqiza ifilimu ehlanzekile ebusweni bayo bensimbi ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-cast iron by concentrated sulfuric acid. (2) insimbi egayiwe ethambile: efana ne-KTH350-10, KTH450-06, njll., ifanele i-PN≤25, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo eliphakathi kuka -10℃~300℃ phakathi kwe-steam, izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zegesi noketshezi, uwoyela neminye imidiya. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kufana ne-grey cast iron. ③ I-Nodular cast iron: efana ne-QT400-15, QT450-10, njll., ifanele izinga lokushisa le-PN≤25 elisebenza phakathi kuka--10℃~300℃ umusi, igesi namafutha kanye neminye imidiya. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kunamandla, kungasebenza endaweni ethile ye-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid, usawoti we-asidi. Kodwa ayimelani ne-fluoric acid, i-alkali eqinile, i-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-ferric chloride yesisombululo esishisayo sokugqwala. Sebenzisa ukugwema ukushisa okungazelelwe, kubanda okungazelelwe, kungenjalo kuzophuka. (4) i-nickel cast iron: ukumelana ne-alkali kune-grey cast iron, i-nodular cast iron valve; I-Nickel cast iron iyi-valve efanelekile yokuxubha i-sulfuric acid, i-dilute hydrochloric acid ne-caustic soda. (2) i-carbon steel I-Carbon steel ine-WCA, i-WCB ne-WCC, ilungele isitimu, igesi engagqwali, uwoyela nemikhiqizo ehlobene neminye imidiya enezinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka -29~425℃. (3) insimbi engagqwali Uchungechunge lwama-304 lwensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile lusebenza emazingeni okushisa okusebenza aphakathi kuka -196℃~650℃ nomusi, igesi engagqwali, uwoyela kanye nemikhiqizo ehlobene neminye imidiya; Imidiya egqwalayo enezinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka -30℃ no-200℃. Inokumelana negesi okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana ne-nitric acid neminye imithombo ye-oxidizing, kodwa futhi i-alkali, amanzi, usawoti, i-asidi ephilayo kanye nezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ukugqwala. Kodwa ayimelani ne-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid nezinye i-non-oxidizing acid corrosion, futhi ayimelani nokomisa i-hydrogen chloride, i-oxidizing chloride ne-oxalic acid, i-lactic acid namanye ama-organic acid. ② Ngokwesisekelo se-304 ene-2% ~ 3% molybdenum 316 series steel stainless steel, ukumelana nokugqwala kungcono kune-304 series steel stainless steel, kungcono kune-chromium nickel steel stainless ku-non-oxidizing acid kanye ne-asidi ephilayo eshisayo, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride kune-chromium nickel yensimbi engagqwali, ukumelana nokugqwala kuhle. I-321, 347 series steel stainless steel equkethe i-titanium noma i-niobium inokumelana okuqinile nokugqwala kwe-intergranular. ④ Iqukethe i-chromium ephezulu, i-nickel ephezulu engu-904L uchungechunge lwensimbi engagqwali, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuphakeme kunensimbi engagqwali evamile, ingasetshenziswa ukubhekana ne-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, i-asidi exutshwe, i-sulfite, i-organic acid, i-alkali, isixazululo sikasawoti, i-hydrogen sulfide, njll., futhi ingasetshenziswa ekugxiliseni okuthile ezikhathini zokushisa okuphezulu. Kodwa ayimelani ne-hydrochloric acid egxilile noma eshisayo, i-fluorine emanzi, i-chlorine, i-bromine, i-iodine, i-aqua regia corrosion. (4) Ingxubevange yethusi Ingxubevange yethusi ngokuyinhloko efanelekayo PN≤25, lokushisa ukusebenza phakathi -40℃ ~ 180℃ umoya-mpilo, amanzi olwandle amapayipi valves, it has ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle emanzini, amanzi olwandle, ezihlukahlukene izixazululo zikasawoti, udaba eziphilayo. Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kwe-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, i-acetic acid futhi ihlanza i-hydrochloric acid ngaphandle kwe-oxygen noma i-oxidant, futhi inokumelana kahle ne-alkali. Kodwa ayimelani nokugqwala kwe-nitric acid, i-sulfuric acid egxilile namanye ama-oxidizing acid, futhi ayimelani nokugqwala kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, isulfure ne-sulfide. Gwema ukuthintana ne-ammonia, okungadala ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-copper ne-copper alloy. Ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhethweni kwe-alloy yethusi, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kunomehluko othile. 5 Kodwa ekwehliseni i-asidi emaphakathi, eqinile, ukumelana nokugqwala kwesisekelo esiqinile. Uma i-aluminiyamu emsulwa kakhulu, kungcono ukuthi imelane nokugqwala, kodwa amandla ayo ayancipha futhi angasetshenziswa kuphela kumavalvu okucindezela okuphansi kakhulu noma ama-valve linings. (6) Ingxubevange ye-Titanium Titanium ingxubevange ifaneleka kakhulu ku-PN≤25, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza phakathi -30℃~316℃ kwamanzi olwandle, i-chloride, i-oxidizing acid, i-organic acid, i-alkali neminye imidiya. I-Titanium iyinsimbi esebenzayo futhi ingakha ifilimu ye-oxide enokumelana nokugqwala okuhle ekamelweni lokushisa. Iyakwazi amanzi olwandle, i-chloride ehlukahlukene kanye ne-hypochlorite, i-chlorine, i-oxidizing acid, i-organic acid, i-alkali nokunye ukugqwala. Kodwa ayimelani ne-asidi yokunciphisa ehlanzekile, njenge-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid corrosion, kodwa imelana ne-oxidizing acid corrosion. I-valve ye-Titanium inokumelana kahle nokuguguleka kwemigodi. Kodwa kuntuthu ebomvu i-nitric acid, i-chloride, i-methanol neminye imidiya izokhiqiza ukugqwala kwengcindezi. (7) I-Zirconium alloy Zirconium nayo ingeyensimbi esebenzayo, ingakhiqiza ifilimu ye-oxide eseduze, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kwe-nitric acid, i-chromic acid, i-alkali, i-alkali encibilikisiwe, uketshezi lukasawoti, urea, amanzi olwandle, kodwa hhayi i-hydrofluoric acid, igxilile. i-sulfuric acid, i-aqua regia corrosion, futhi ayimelani ne-chlorine emanzi kanye nokugqwala kwe-oxidizing metal chloride. (8) I-Ceramics Ceramic valve inikezwa kuqala nge-silicon dioxide fusion sintering, efana ne-zirconia, i-alumina, i-silicon nitride, njll., ngaphezu kokuba nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kakhulu, ukumelana nokushisa, ukusebenza kokushisa, futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kakhulu. ikhono, ngaphezu kokungabikho kwe-oxygen fluorine acid, i-fluosilicic acid kanye nokumelana ne-alkali, ingashisa i-nitric acid egxilile, i-hydrochloric acid, i-aqua regia, isixazululo sikasawoti kanye nezincibilikisi eziphilayo ezifana ne-medium, ngokuvamile zisebenza ku-PN emgqeni wesi-6 noma ngaphansi. Lolu hlobo lwe-valve njengokusetshenziswa kwezinye izinto, lapho ukhetha, kufanele lucabangele ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinye izinto. (9) Ipulasitiki eqiniswe nge-fiber yengilazi Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-FRP kuyahlukahluka ngokunamathela kwayo. I-Epoxy resin FRP ingasetshenziswa ku-hydrochloric acid, i-phosphoric acid, i-dilute sulfuric acid kanye namanye ama-organic acid; Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-phenolic fiber reinforced plastics kungcono. I-Furan FRP inokumelana okuhle kwe-alkali, ukumelana ne-asidi kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuphelele, okuvamise kulungele ipayipi le-PN≤16. (10) Ama-valve epulasitiki ama-valve epulasitiki abonakala ngokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile, futhi namavalvu ensimbi awakwazi ukuba nezinzuzo. Ngokuvamile kusebenza epayipini le-PN≤6, elinezinhlobo ezahlukene zepulasitiki, umehluko walo wokumelana nokugqwala mkhulu. (1) Inayiloni, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide, iyi-thermoplastic, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Ingakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-asidi encibilikayo, usawoti kanye ne-alkali, futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kwe-hydrocarbon, i-ketone, i-ether, i-ester namafutha. Kodwa ayimelani ne-asidi eqinile, i-oxidizing acid, i-phenol kanye ne-formic acid corrosion. (2) I-POLYvinyl chloride: i-polyvinyl chloride iyipulasitiki ye-thermoplastic, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. I-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti, izinto eziphilayo. Ayimelani ne-nitric acid egxilile, i-sulfuric acid evuthayo, i-acetic anhydride, i-ketone, i-halogenated, iphunga elimnandi nokunye ukugqwala. (3) IPOLYETHYLENE: I-polyethylene inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kwe-hydrochloric acid, i-dilute sulfuric acid, i-hydrofluoric acid namanye ama-non-oxidizing acid kanye ne-nitric acid, i-alkali, isixazululo sikasawoti kanye ne-organic solvent ekamelweni lokushisa. Kodwa ayimelani ne-nitric acid egxilile, i-sulfuric acid nokunye ukugqwala okuqinile kwe-oxidant. (4) i-polypropylene: i-polypropylene iyi-thermoplastic, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kufana ne-polyethylene, ingcono kancane kune-polyethylene. Ingakwazi ukumelana ne-asidi ephilayo eningi, i-asidi ye-inorganic, i-alkali, usawoti, kodwa ku-asidi ye-nitric egxilile, i-fuming sulfuric acid, i-chlorsulfonic acid nokunye okuqinile kwe-oxidizing acid ukumelana nokugqwala kubi. ⑤ Amapulasitiki e-Phenolic: amapulasitiki e-phenolic angakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-hydrochloric acid, ahlanza i-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid nezinye i-non-oxidizing acid, isisombululo sikasawoti. Kodwa ayimelani ne-nitric acid, i-chromic acid nezinye i-asidi eqinile ye-oxidizing, i-alkali nezinye izinyibilikisi ze-organic corrosion. ⑥ I-Chlorinated polyether, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polychlorinated ether, iwumugqa, i-crystallinity ephezulu ye-thermoplastics. Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, * okungaphansi kwamapulasitiki e-fluorine. Iyakwazi ukugxilisa i-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid egxilile ngaphandle kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti kanye nezinyibilikisi eziningi eziphilayo ukugqwala, kodwa ayimelani ne-chlorine ewuketshezi, i-fluorine, i-bromine corrosion. ⑦ I-Polytrifluorovinyl chloride: yona namanye amapulasitiki e-fluorine, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu nezinye izakhiwo, ukumelana nokugqwala kuphansi kancane kune-ptfe. Inomelana nokugqwala okuhle ku-asidi ephilayo, i-asidi ye-inorganic, i-alkali, usawoti kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezincibilikisi eziphilayo. Izinyibilikisi ezithile eziqukethe ama-halogen nomoya-mpilo ezibangela ukuthi zivuvuke lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ayimelani nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-fluorine, i-fluoride, i-alkali encibilikisiwe, i-nitric acid egxilile, iphunga elimnandi, i-nitric acid evuthayo, insimbi encibilikisiwe ye-alkali, njll. , i-chlorine trifluoride, i-oxygen trifluoride ekushiseni okuphezulu, izinga lokugeleza okuphezulu kwe-fluorine ewuketshezi, cishe konke ukugqwala kwemidiya yamakhemikhali, ukonakala ukuthi kunokugeleza okubandayo. (11) Ulwelwesi Ngenxa yamandla amancane epulasitiki, amavalvu amaningi asebenzisa izinto zensimbi ukwenza igobolondo, ngepulasitiki, ulwelwesi lwenjoloba. Ama-valve anemigqa ngokuvamile afanele amapayipi we-PN≤16, anezinto ezihlukene ze-lining, ukumelana kwayo nezinga lokushisa, ukumelana nokugqwala akufani. Ulayini wePlastiki: Ukumelana nokugqwala kolwelwesi lwepulasitiki kuyafana nokwezinto ezihambisanayo kumapulasitiki angenhla. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukhetha, ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-valve ane-plastic lined kufanele kucatshangelwe. Uhlaka lwerabha: Irabha ithambile, ngakho-ke amavalvu amaningi asebenzisa ulwelwesi lwenjoloba ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala nokusebenza kokuvala kwevalvu. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwerabha kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zenjoloba. Ngemuva kwe-vulcanization yenjoloba yemvelo ingakwazi ukumelana ne-non-oxidizing acid, i-alkali, ukugqwala kukasawoti, kodwa ingamelani nama-oxidants aqinile, njenge-nitric acid, i-chromic acid, i-corrosion ye-sulfuric acid egxilile, futhi ayimelani nemikhiqizo ye-petroleum nezinye izincibilikisi ze-organic: ngakho-ke , iraba yemvelo kancane kancane yathathelwa indawo irabha yokwenziwa. I-NBR kurabha yokwenziwa inokumelana okuhle nowoyela, kodwa ayimelani ne-oxidation acid, i-hydrocarbon enamakha, i-ester, i-ketone, i-ether nokunye ukugqwala okunamandla kwe-solvent; Irabha ye-fluorine inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ingamelana nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti, imikhiqizo ye-petroleum, ama-hydrocarbons, njll., kodwa ukumelana ne-solvent akufani ne-fluorine plastic; Irabha ye-polyether ingasetshenziswa emanzini, uwoyela, i-ammonia, i-alkali neminye imidiya. Intambo yomthofu: umthofu uyinsimbi esebenzayo, kodwa ngenxa yento ethambile, uvame ukusetshenziswa njengolwelwesi lwama-valve akhethekile. Ifilimu yomkhiqizo wokugqwala womthofu iyisendlalelo esiqinile sokuvikela. Kuyinto edumile ukumelana ne-sulfuric acid. Inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu ku-phosphoric acid, i-chromic acid, i-carbonic acid nesisombululo esingathathi hlangothi, amanzi olwandle neminye imithombo yezindaba, kodwa ayimelani ne-alkali ne-hydrochloric acid corrosion, futhi ayifanele ukusebenza emikhiqizweni yabo yokugqwala.