Isando samanzi sibizwa ngokuthi isando samanzi ngenxa ye-inertia yokugeleza kwamanzi okucindezela lapho amandla enqanyulwa kungazelelwe noma i-valve ivalwa ngokushesha kakhulu, okukhiqiza igagasi lokushaqeka lokugeleza kwamanzi, njengokushaywa kwesando. Amandla angemuva naphambili wegagasi lokwethuka kwamanzi ngezinye izikhathi angaba makhulu kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela alimaze i-valve nepompo yamanzi.
Lapho i-valve evulekile ivaliwe ngokuzumayo, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuzokhiqiza ingcindezi ku-valve nodonga lwamapayipi. Ngenxa yodonga lwamapayipi abushelelezi, ukugeleza kwamanzi okulandelayo kufinyelela ngokushesha okukhulu ngaphansi kwesenzo se-inertia futhi kuveza umphumela olimazayo, okuyinto "umphumela wesando samanzi" ku-hydrodynamics, okungukuthi, isando samanzi esihle. Lesi sici kufanele sicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwepayipi lokuhambisa amanzi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngemva kokuba i-valve evaliwe ivuliwe ngokuzumayo, izophinde ikhiqize isando samanzi, esibizwa ngokuthi isando samanzi esibi, esinamandla athile okubhubhisa, kodwa asisikhulu njengangaphambili. Lapho iyunithi yepompo yamanzi kagesi ivalwa ngokuzumayo noma iqalwa, izophinda ibangele umthelela wengcindezi kanye nomphumela wesando samanzi. Leli gagasi lokwethuka komfutho lisakazeka eduze kwepayipi, elingaholela kalula ekucindezelekeni ngokweqile kwasendaweni kwepayipi, okuholela ekuqhumeni kwepayipi kanye nokulimala kwemishini. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa komphumela wesando samanzi sekube obunye bobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bobunjiniyela bokuhlinzeka ngamanzi.
Izimo zesando samanzi
1. Ukuvuleka noma ukuvala okungazelelwe kwevalvu;
2. Ukuma noma ukuqala kweyunithi yepompo yamanzi kungazelelwe;
3. Ukulethwa kwamanzi ukusuka epayipini elilodwa ukuya endaweni ephakeme (umehluko wokuphakama kwezindawo zokuphakelwa kwamanzi ungaphezu kwama-20m);
4. Ikhanda eliphelele (noma ingcindezi yokusebenza) yepompo yamanzi inkulu;
5. Isivinini sokugeleza ngokweqile epayipini elihambisa amanzi;
6. Ipayipi lamanzi lide kakhulu futhi isimo sezwe siyashintsha kakhulu.
Ukulimala komphumela wesando samanzi
Ukwenyuka kwengcindezi okubangelwa isando samanzi kungafinyelela izikhathi eziningana noma ngisho namashumi ezikhathi zokucindezela okuvamile kwepayipi. Izingozi zalokhu kuguquguquka okukhulu kwengcindezi ohlelweni lwamapayipi ikakhulukazi zifaka:
1. Banga ukudlidliza okunamandla kwepayipi futhi unqamule indawo yokuhlangana yepayipi;
2. I-valve ilimele, futhi umfutho onzima uphezulu kakhulu, okuholela ekuqhumeni kwamapayipi nokunciphisa ukucindezela kwenethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi;
3. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukucindezela okuphansi kakhulu kuzoholela ekuweni kwepayipi futhi kulimaze i-valve nezingxenye zokulungisa;
4. Ukubangela ukuba iphampu ihlehle, kulimaze okokusebenza noma ipayipi elisendlini yokumpompa, ukucwilisa kakhulu igumbi lokumpompa, kubangele abalimele nezinye izingozi ezinkulu, futhi kuthinte ukukhiqizwa nokuphila.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela zokuqeda noma ukunciphisa isando samanzi
Kunezinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela isando samanzi, kodwa izinyathelo ezihlukene kufanele zithathwe ngokuvumelana nezimbangela ezingenzeka zesando samanzi.
1. Ukunciphisa isivinini sokugeleza kwepayipi elihambisa amanzi kunganciphisa umfutho wesando samanzi ngokwezinga elithile, kodwa kuzokhuphula ububanzi bepayipi elihambisa amanzi futhi kukhulise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwepayipi elihambisa amanzi, i-hump noma ukushintsha okubukhali komthambeka kufanele kugwenywe ngokusemandleni. Ubukhulu besando samanzi sokumisa iphampu buhlobene kakhulu nenhloko yejometri yendlu yepompo. Lapho ikhanda lejiyomethri liphakeme, likhulu inani lesando samanzi sokumisa iphampu. Ngakho-ke, ikhanda lepompo elinengqondo kufanele likhethwe ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela sendawo. Ngemva kokuvalwa kwephampu okuphuthumayo, iphampu kufanele iqalwe ngemva kokuba ipayipi elingemuva kwevalvu yokuhlola seligcwaliswe ngamanzi. Uma uqala iphampu, ungavuli ngokugcwele i-valve yokuphuma yepompo, ngaphandle kwalokho izokhiqiza umthelela omkhulu wamanzi. Izingozi ezinkulu zesando samanzi zeziteshi eziningi zokupompa zibangelwa kakhulu kulokhu.
2. Setha idivayisi yokuqeda isando samanzi
(1) Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukucindezela njalo kwamukelwa:
Njengoba ingcindezi yenethiwekhi yamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi ishintsha njalo ngokushintsha kwezimo zokusebenza, ukucindezela okuphansi noma ukucindezela ngokweqile kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, okulula ukukhiqiza isando samanzi, okuholela ekulimaleni kwamapayipi nemishini, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Uhlelo lwamukelwa ukuze lubuyisele emuva ukuqala, ukulawulwa kokumisa kanye nesivinini sepompo yamanzi ngokutholwa kwengcindezi yenethiwekhi yepayipi, ukulawula ukugeleza, bese ugcina izinga elithile lokucindezela, Ingcindezi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi yepompo ingasethwa ngokulawula i-microcomputer ukugcina ukunikezwa kwamanzi anengcindezi engaguquki, gwema ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi ngokweqile futhi kunciphise amathuba esando samanzi.
(2) Faka isinqamuli sesando samanzi
Izinto zokusebenza zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela isando samanzi ukuthi simise iphampu. Ivamise ukufakwa eduze kwepayipi lokuphuma kwephampu yamanzi. Ingcindezi yepayipi ngokwayo isetshenziswa njengamandla okuthola isenzo esizenzakalelayo sokucindezela okuphansi, okungukuthi, lapho ingcindezi epayipini ingaphansi kwenani elibekiwe lokuvikela, indawo yokukhipha amanzi izovuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhulula amanzi nokucindezela, ukuze ukulinganisa ukucindezela kwepayipi lendawo kanye nokuvimbela umthelela wesando samanzi ezintweni zokusebenza namapayipi, Ngokuvamile, isinqamuleli singahlukaniswa sibe uhlobo lwemishini kanye nohlobo lwe-hydraulic. Ngemva kokusebenza kwe-eliminator yemishini, ingabuyiselwa ngesandla, futhi i-hydraulic eliminator ingasethwa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo.
(3) Faka ivalvu yokuhlola ukuvala kancane epayipini lokuphuma lephampu yamanzi enobubanzi obukhulu
Ingakwazi ukuqeda ngempumelelo isando samanzi sokuvala kwephampu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kukhona inani elithile lokugeleza kwamanzi lapho i-valve isebenza, umthombo wokumunca kufanele ube nepayipi elichichimayo. Ivalvu yokuhlola yokuvala kancane inezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwesando esindayo kanye nohlobo lokugcina amandla. Isikhathi sokuvala se-valve singalungiswa phakathi kwebanga elithile njengoba kudingeka. Ngokuvamile, i-valve ivalwa ngo-70% ~ 80% phakathi kwe-3 ~ 7 s ngemva kokuphelelwa amandla, futhi isikhathi sokuvala esisele esingu-20% ~ 30% silungiswa ngokuvumelana nezimo zepompo yamanzi kanye nepayipi, ngokuvamile ebangeni le-10 ~ 30 s. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma kune-hump epayipini lokuvala isando samanzi, i-valve yokuhlola yokuvala kancane isebenza kakhulu.
(4) Indlela eyodwa Surge Tower
Izokwakhiwa eduze kwesiteshi sokupompa noma endaweni efanele yepayipi, futhi ubude bethangi lokuhlinza lendlela eyodwa buzoba ngaphansi kunomfutho wepayipi lapho. Lapho umfutho wepayipi uphansi kunezinga lamanzi embhoshongweni, ithange lokuhlinza lenza amanzi ukuya epayipini ukuvimbela ikholomu yamanzi ukuthi ingaphuki futhi nokugwema ukuvala isando samanzi. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wawo wokucindezela isando samanzi ngaphandle kwesando samanzi sokumisa ipompo, njengesando samanzi sokuvala i-valve, unomkhawulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwe-valve yendlela eyodwa esetshenziswe kumbhoshongo olawula ukucindezela kwendlela eyodwa kuzothembeka ngokuphelele. Uma i-valve ihluleka, ingase iholele ezingozini ezinkulu
(5) Ipayipi lokudlula (ivalvu) isethwe esiteshini sokumpompa
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu yepompo, i-valve yokuhlola ivaliwe ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezela kwamanzi ohlangothini lokucindezela kwamanzi kwepompo kuphakeme kunalokho ohlangothini lokudonsa amanzi. Lapho iphampu imiswa ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwamandla, ingcindezi ekuphumeni kwesiteshi sepompo yamanzi iyancipha kakhulu, kuyilapho ingcindezi ohlangothini lokumunca ikhuphuka kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwalokhu kucindezela okuhlukile, amanzi adlulayo anengcindezi ephezulu epayipini elikhulu elimunca amanzi adlulayo anengcindezi ephansi ephusha ipuleti levalvu yokuhlola ukuze ligelezele epayipini elikhulu lamanzi anomfutho, futhi andise umfutho wamanzi ophansi lapho; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhuphuka komfutho wesando samanzi ohlangothini lokumunca lwephampu yamanzi nakho kuyancipha. Ngale ndlela, ukukhuphuka kwesando samanzi nokwehla kwengcindezi ezinhlangothini zombili zesiteshi sokupompa amanzi kulawulwa, ukuze kuncishiswe ngempumelelo futhi kuvinjwe ukulimala kwesando samanzi.
(6) Setha i-valve yokuhlola enezigaba eziningi
Epayipini elide lokudluliswa kwamanzi, ivalvu yokuhlola eyodwa noma ngaphezulu iyengezwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe ipayipi lokudlulisela amanzi libe yizigaba eziningana, futhi amavalvu okuhlola abekwe esigabeni ngasinye. Lapho amanzi epayipini lokulethwa kwamanzi egeleza emuva ohlelweni lwesando samanzi, i-valve yokuhlola ngayinye ivalwa ngokulandelana ukuze kuhlukanise ukugeleza kwe-backwash zibe izingxenye eziningana. Ngenxa yokuthi ikhanda le-hydrostatic esigabeni ngasinye sepayipi lokulethwa kwamanzi (noma isigaba sokugeleza kwe-backwash) lincane kakhulu, ukukhuphuka komfutho wesando samanzi kuyehla. Lesi silinganiso sokuzivikela singasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo esimweni somehluko omkhulu wokuphakama kwamanzi wejometri; Kodwa-ke, ithuba lokuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi alikwazi ukuqedwa. Ububi bayo obukhulu ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwepompo yamanzi kuyenyuka futhi nezindleko zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ziyakhuphuka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile.
(7) Imishini yokukhipha umoya ezenzakalelayo neyokugcwalisa umoya isethwe ezindaweni eziphakeme zepayipi ukunciphisa umthelela wesando samanzi epayipini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-26-2021
