ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mea hana uila no nā kīwaha mana (II)

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mea hana uila no nā kīwaha mana (II) ʻO ka mea hiki ke hoʻomalu i ke kahe o ka wai i loko o ka pipeline ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana o ka pipeline i kapa ʻia ʻo valve a i ʻole ʻāpana valve. ʻO ka hana nui o ka valve i loko o ka pipeline ʻo ia: pili ʻia a ʻoki ʻia paha; Kāohi i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka media; Hoʻoponopono i ke kaomi, kahe a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka waena; Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka hui ʻana, a i ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka media; Kāohi i ke kaomi waena ma mua o ka waiwai i ʻōlelo ʻia, i mea e mālama ai i ke alanui a i ʻole ka ipu, ka palekana o nā lako. ʻO ka mea hiki ke mālama i ke kahe o ka wai i loko o ka pipeline ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana o ka pipeline i kapa ʻia ʻo valve a i ʻole ʻāpana valve. ʻO ka hana nui o ka valve i loko o ka pipeline ʻo ia: pili ʻia a ʻoki ʻia paha; Kāohi i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka media; Hoʻoponopono i ke kaomi, kahe a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka waena; Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka hui ʻana, a i ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka media; Kāohi i ke kaomi waena ma mua o ka waiwai i ʻōlelo ʻia, i mea e mālama ai i ke alanui a i ʻole ka ipu, ka palekana o nā lako. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana hou, ka valve i ka ʻoihana, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka mahiʻai, ka pale aupuni, ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me ke ola o nā kānaka a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i mea maʻamau, ua lilo ia i mea waiwai nui i nā huahana mechanical i nā ʻano hana kanaka. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā valves i ka ʻenehana pipeline. Nui nā ʻano valve no nā kumu like ʻole. ʻOi aku i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kūkulu ʻia nā hale hou, nā mea hou a me nā hoʻohana hou o nā valves. I mea e hoʻohui ai i nā kūlana hana, akā no ka koho pololei a me ka ʻike ʻana o ka valve, i mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka hana, hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana, nā kikoʻī o ka valve ka standardization, generalization, serialization direction development. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā valves: Ua hānau ʻia ka valve Industrial ma hope o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻenekini mahu, i nā makahiki he iwakālua a kanakolu paha, ma muli o ka ʻaila, kemika, ka mana mana, ke gula, nā moku, ka ikehu nuklea, aerospace a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka pono. nā koi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka valve, no laila e noiʻi nā kānaka a me ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o ka valve, kona mahana hana mai ka mahana mua -269 ℃ a 1200 ℃, a hiki i ka 3430 ℃; ʻO ke kaomi hana mai ka ultra-vacuum 1.33 × 10-8Pa (1 × 1010mmHg) a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe 1460MPa; ʻO ka nui o ka valve mai 1mm a 6000mm a hiki i 9750mm. Valve mea mai ka hao hao, kalapona kila, hooulu ana i ka titanium a me ka titanium alloy kila, a me ka loa corrosion kila, haʻahaʻa wela kila a me ka wela pale kila kiwikā. ʻO keʻano hoʻokele o ka valve mai ka hoʻomohala ikaika i ka uila, pneumatic, hydraulic, a hiki i ka mana o ka papahana, ea, mamao mamao, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. E like me ke kuleana o ka valve wehe a kokoke, he nui nā ʻano hana hoʻohālikelike valve, ma aneʻi e hoʻolauna i kēia mau mea. 1. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma o ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana (1) pani pani: ʻike ʻia ka valve stop he valve pani ʻia, ʻo kāna kuleana ke hoʻopili a ʻoki ʻana i ka waena o ka pipeline. Loaʻa nā kiwi ʻoki ʻoki ʻia nā ʻīpuka puka, nā kiwi honua, nā kiwi palaka, nā kiwi pōpō, nā kiwi lele a me nā kiwi diaphragm. (2) nānā valve: check valve, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo check valve a i ʻole check valve, ʻo kāna kuleana ke pale aku i ke kahe o ka pipeline. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka pauma wai ma lalo o ka pahu wai no ka pahu hoʻopaʻa. (3) ʻO ka valve palekana: ʻo ke kuleana o ka valve palekana e pale i ke kaomi waena i ka pipeline a i ʻole ka mea hana mai ka ʻoi aku o ka waiwai i kuhikuhi ʻia, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka palekana palekana. (4) hoʻoponopono valve: hoʻoponopono i ka papa valve me ka hoʻoponopono valve, throttle valve a me ke kaomi hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka valve, ʻo kāna kuleana ke hoʻoponopono i ke kaomi o ka waena, kahe a me nā ʻekolu ʻē aʻe. (5) shunt valve: ʻo ka māhele shunt valve e pili ana i nā ʻano kīwī a pau a me nā pahele, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo kāna kuleana ʻo ka puʻunaue, hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻohui paha i ka waena i ka pipeline. 2. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke kaomi nominal (1) Vacuum valve: pili i ka valve nona ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kaomi lewa maʻamau. (2) kaomi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: e pili ana i ke kaomi nominal PN≤ 1.6mpa valve. (3) puʻe puʻe haʻahaʻa: e pili ana i ke kaomi nominal PN he 2.5, 4.0, 6.4Mpa valve. (4) High pressure valve: pili i ka valve nona ke kaomi PN he 10 ~ 80Mpa. (5) ʻO ka pahu kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe: e pili ana i ka valve me ke kaomi inoa PN≥100Mpa. 3. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka wela hana (1)** ka pā wela: hoʻohana ʻia no ka wela hana maʻamau T-100 ℃ valve. (2) haʻahaʻa wela wela: hoʻohana ʻia no ka mahana hana maʻamau -100 ℃≤ T ≤-40 ℃ valve. (3) maʻamau wela wela: hoʻohana ʻia no ka mahana hana maʻamau -40 ℃≤ T ≤120 ℃ valve. (4) pānaʻi wela waena: hoʻohana ʻia no ka wela hana maʻamau o 120 ℃ (5) kiʻekiʻe wela wela: hoʻohana ʻia no ka wela wela T450 ℃ valve. 4. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma ke ʻano hoʻokele (1) ʻO ka valve automatic e pili ana i ka valve ʻaʻole pono ka ikaika o waho e hoʻokele, akā hilinaʻi i ka ikehu o ka mea kikowaena ponoʻī e hana i ka hana valve. E like me ka valve palekana, ke kaomi hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka valve, ka pahele, ka valve check, ka valve control automatic a pēlā aku. (2) Power drive valve: hiki ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano kumu mana e hoʻokele ai. Kiwi uila: Valve i hoʻokele ʻia e ka uila. Pneumatic valve: ka pahu i hoʻokele ʻia e ka ea paʻa. Hydraulic valve: ʻO ka valve i alakaʻi ʻia e ke kaomi o kahi wai e like me ka ʻaila. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau hui o nā ʻano kaʻa kaʻa i luna, e like me nā ʻea-electric valves. (3) Manual valve: manual valve me ke kōkua o ka huila lima, lima, lever, sprocket, e ka manpower e hoʻomalu i ka hana valve. Ke nui ka wehe ʻana a me ka pani ʻana o ka valve, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka huila a i ʻole ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa ilo ma waena o ka huila lima a me ke kumu valve. Inā pono, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hui āpau a me nā pahu kaʻa no ka hana mamao. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, he nui nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike valve, akā ʻo ka mea nui e like me kāna kuleana i ka hoʻokaʻawale pipeline. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā valves maʻamau i ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻenekinia kīwila i 11 mau ʻāpana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka valve gate, globe valve, plug valve, ball valve, butterfly valve, diaphragm valve, check valve, throttle valve, safety valve, pressure reducing valve and trap valve. ʻAʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia nā pahu kūikawā ʻē aʻe, e like me nā mea kani, hydraulic control pipeline system valves, valves i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mīkini kemika a me nā mea hana like ʻole, i loko o kēia puke (2) Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka mea hoʻokele uila me ke kūlana kahua e hōʻike ana i ka mīkini, ka pointer o ka pono e kulike me ke kuhikuhi o ka hoololi ana o ke kumu hoopuka, a aohe pause a hysteresis paha. ʻO ka huina Angle rotation he 80 ° ~ 280 ° ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka mea hana uila me ka transmitter kūlana. ʻO ka volta o ka lako mana he DC 12V ~ -30V, a ʻo ka hōʻailona kūlana hoʻopuka (4 ~ 20) mADC, a ʻo ka hewa o ka neʻe ʻana o ka hopena hope loa o ka mea hana uila ʻaʻole pono e ʻoi aku ma mua o 1% o ka laulā waiwai o ka hōʻailona kūlana hoʻopuka Hoʻohui: Introduction to electric actuators for power station valves (I) 5.10. Ke hoʻolako ʻia ka mea hoʻokele uila me ke ʻano o ke kahua e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano, pono e kūlike ka pointer o ka mīkini hōʻike me ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kumu hoʻopuka, a ʻaʻohe pause a hysteresis i ka hana. ʻO ka rotation Angle he 80 ° ~ 280 ° 5.2.11 i ka wā i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai ka transmitter kūlana no ka mea hoʻokele uila, ʻo 12V ~ -30V ka uila o ka mana, a ʻo ka hōʻailona kūlana puka (4 ~ 20) mADC. , a o ka hewa o ka neenee maoli ana o ka puka hope loa o ka mea hana uila, aole ia e oi aku mamua o 1% o ka laula i hoikeia e ka hoailona kūlana puka 5.2.12 E ana ka walaau o ka mea hana uila ma lalo o ka haawe e ka mika pae leo ole. ʻoi aku ma mua o 75dB (A) pae kani kani 5.2.13. ʻO ka pale pale ma waena o nā ʻāpana a pau e lawe ana i kēia manawa o ka mea hoʻokele uila a me ka hale ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 20M ω 5.2.14 Hiki i ka mea hoʻokele uila ke kū i ka alapine o 50Hz, ʻo ka volta ka sinusoidal alternating current i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka Papa 2 , a ua mau ka hoao dielectric no lmin. I ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻaʻole e hiki mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka insulation, ka uila uila, ka piʻi nui o ka leakage o kēia manawa a i ʻole ka hāʻule koke ʻana o ka uila. Papa 2 E ho'āʻo i ka voltage 5.2.15 ʻO ka mīkini hoʻololi lima i ka uila e maʻalahi a hilinaʻi, a ʻaʻole e hoʻololi ka huila lima i ka wā e hana ai ka uila (koe naʻe ke alakaʻi ʻia e ka friction). 5.2.16 ʻAʻole e emi ka nui o ka mana o ka mea hoʻokele uila ma mua o ka torque i helu ʻia. ** ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka torque mana liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka torque i helu ʻia, a ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o ka torque mana ʻano nui. liʻiliʻi mana torque. Inā ʻaʻole noi ka mea hoʻohana i ka torque, e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka torque mana liʻiliʻi. 5.2.18 He 1.1 manawa oi aku ka nui o ka torque blocking o ka mea hana uila ma mua o ka torque mana nui. 5.2.19 ʻO ka ʻāpana mana o ka mea hoʻokele uila e maʻalahi a hilinaʻi, a hiki ke hoʻololi i ka nui o ka mana hoʻopuka. ʻO ka pololei hou o ka torque hoʻomalu e kūlike me nā mea i hoʻolako ʻia o ka Papa 3. Papa 3 Manaʻo i ka pololei o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka torque 5.2.20. E maʻalahi a hilinaʻi hoʻi ke ʻano o ka mana hahau o ka mea hoʻokele uila, a ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ke kūlana o ke kumu hoʻokuʻu mana e kūlike me nā ʻōlelo i ka Papa 4, a aia nā hōʻailona e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana o "on" a "off" . Papa 4 Hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻana i ke kūlana 5.2.21 i ka wā e amo koke ai ka mea hana uila i ka haʻawe i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka Papa 5, ʻaʻole e hoʻopōʻino ʻia nā ʻāpana halihali a pau. 5.2.22, hiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano uila ke kū i ka hoʻāʻo ola o ka hana hoʻomau me ka hāʻule ʻole no nā manawa 10,000, a ʻo ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke ʻano uila e hiki ke kū i ka hoʻāʻo ola o ka hana hoʻomau me ka ʻole o 200,000 mau manawa. 5.3 Nā koi ʻenehana o nā mea hana uila me nā ʻāpana mana mana 5.3.1 ʻO nā mea hana uila i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻāpana mana mana e hoʻokomo i nā mea hoʻokele uila proportional a integral. 5,3.2 ka mea hana uila me ka ʻāpana mana mana e hoʻokō i nā koi ʻenehana ma 5.2. 5.3.3 ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hewa kumu o ka mea hana uila ma mua o 1.0% 5.3.4 ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka hewa o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka mea hana uila ma mua o 1.0%