Magulu ndi mawonekedwe azinthu za ma valve nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha ma valve. Kumbukirani 14 taboos kukhazikitsa mavavu

Magulu ndi mawonekedwe azinthu za ma valve nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha ma valve. Kumbukirani ma tabo 14 oyika mavavu Pali mitundu yambiri ya mavavu. Ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa njira zamakono ndi machitidwe a mitundu yonse ya zida zonse, mitundu ya ma valve ikukulirakulirabe, ndipo pali njira zosiyanasiyana zamagulu. Vavu yodzichitira: kudalira sing'anga (madzi, gasi, nthunzi, etc.) ndi mphamvu yake yogwiritsira ntchito valve. Vavu yoyendetsedwa: Vavu yoyendetsedwa ndi manja, magetsi, ma hydraulic kapena pneumatic. Kugawika molingana ndi ndondomeko ya kamangidwe kameneka ndi njira yodziwika bwino yapakhomo ndi yapadziko lonse, mtundu uliwonse wa valve ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana apangidwe malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve. Ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa njira zamakono ndi machitidwe a mitundu yonse ya zida zonse, mitundu ya ma valve ikukulirakulirabe, ndipo pali njira zosiyanasiyana zamagulu. 1. Zodziwika ndi zodziwikiratu ndi kuyendetsa valavu Yodziwikiratu: kudalira sing'anga (madzi, mpweya, nthunzi, etc.) ndi mphamvu yake yogwiritsira ntchito valve. Monga valavu yachitetezo, valavu yoyang'ana, valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga, msampha wa nthunzi, msampha wa mpweya, valavu yodula mwadzidzidzi, valavu yodziyimira payokha, valavu yoyendetsera kutentha, ndi zina zotero. , hydraulic kapena pneumatic njira. Monga valavu pachipata, valavu globe, valavu throttle, valavu butterfly, valavu mpira, valavu pulagi, diaphragm valavu, pneumatic film control valve, pneumatic pisitoni control valve, etc. onani Chaputala 3 cha tanthawuzo la kukula kwadzina) Vavu yaing'ono yaing'ono: kukula kwadzina ≤DN40 valavu. Vavu yapakati: kukula kwadzina DN50 ~ DN300 valavu. Vavu yayikulu m'mimba mwake: valavu yodziwika DN350 ~ DN1200. Vavu yayikulu m'mimba mwake: kukula mwadzina ≥DN1400 valavu. B. Kugawikana mwa kukakamiza mwadzina (onani Mutu 3 kuti mufotokoze za miyeso yodziwika) Vacuum valve: valve yokhala ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito pansi pa kupanikizika kwa mumlengalenga. Valavu yotsika: kuthamanga mwadzina PN≤16 valavu. Vavu yapakatikati: kuthamanga mwadzina PN25 ~ 63 valavu. Vavu yothamanga kwambiri: kuthamanga mwadzina PN100 ~ 800 valavu. Vavu yothamanga kwambiri: kuthamanga mwadzina PN≥1000 valavu. C, malinga ndi sing'anga ntchito kutentha gulu High kutentha valavu: T> 425 ℃ valavu. Vavu yapakati kutentha: 120 ℃ Vavu yotentha yokhazikika: -29 ℃≤ T ≤120 ℃ vavu. Vavu yotsika kutentha: -101 ℃≤ T ** Vavu yotentha: T D, malinga ndi gulu la valavu thupi zinthu Non - zitsulo zinthu valavu: monga ceramic vavu, FRP valavu, valavu pulasitiki. Vavu yachitsulo yachitsulo: monga valavu yamkuwa, valavu yachitsulo, titaniyamu alloy valve, Monel alloy valve, Hastelloy valve, Inkel valve, valve iron iron, carbon steel valve, low alloy steel valve, valve high alloy steel valve, valavu yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Vavu yokhala ndi zitsulo zachitsulo: monga valavu yotsogolera, valavu ya pulasitiki, valavu yokhala ndi mphira, valavu ya enamel. E. Gulu mwa njira yolumikizira mapaipi (onani Mutu 5 kuti mulumikizane mwachindunji) Vavu yopindika: valavu yokhala ndi thupi lopindika ndi chitoliro chopindika. Valavu yokhala ndi ulusi: valavu yokhala ndi ulusi wamkati kapena wakunja m'thupi ndipo imalumikizidwa ku chitoliro. Vavu yowotcherera: thupi la vavu lomwe lili ndi poyambira matako kapena ma welds azitsulo, owotcherera ku chitoliro. Vavu yolumikizira: valavu yokhala ndi chotchinga pathupi komanso cholumikizira ku chitoliro. Valavu yolumikizira manja: valavu yolumikizidwa ndi chitoliro ndi manja. F. Gulu molingana ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito Mavavu a Buku: Vavu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzanja la munthu ndi gudumu lamanja, chogwirira, lever, kapena sprocket. Pakafunika torque yayikulu, zida za nyongolotsi, zida ndi zida zina zochepetsera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Vavu yamagetsi: valavu yoyendetsedwa ndi mota, electromagnetic kapena chipangizo china chamagetsi. Vavu ya hydraulic kapena pneumatic valve: valve yoyendetsedwa ndi madzi (madzi, mafuta, etc.) kapena mpweya. 3. Kugawika molingana ndi kapangidwe kake Kugawika molingana ndi dongosololi ndi njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri yapakhomo komanso yapadziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imagawidwa kukhala valavu yachipata, valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi, valavu ya butterfly, valavu ya mpira, valavu ya pulagi, valavu ya plunger, valavu yoyang'ana, valavu yachitetezo. , valavu yochepetsera mphamvu, valavu ya msampha, valavu ya diaphragm, valve throttle valve, valve regulating, valve multi-purpose, etc. Zitsanzo za mavavu wamba ndi awa: Vavu yachipata - valavu momwe zotsegulira ndi zotsekera zimayenda molunjika kumtunda wa mpando (kutuluka kwapakati). Mavavu a pachipata amatha kugawidwa m'magawo am'mphepete mwachipata (chipata chimodzi, chipata chachiwiri, chipata chotanuka, ndi zina zotero), ma valve a chipata chathyathyathya, ma valve a zipata za mpeni, ndi zina zotero. Mapangidwe a valve pachipata akuwonetsedwa motere: Wedge gate valve 1, 2, 3, 4 Tsamba lotsatira makamaka chifukwa cha valve, kumbukirani 14 musamayike valavu nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha valve, kumbukirani 14 osayika valve . Dongosolo la mapaipilo silinasunthidwe mosamala lisanamalizidwe, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe ndi liwiro silingathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuwombetsa mapaipi. Ngakhale madzi kuthamanga mphamvu kuyezetsa ngalande m'malo flushing. Miyezo: gwiritsani ntchito dongosolo kuti muyike madzi othamanga kwambiri kapena kuthamanga kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 3m / s pochapa. Utoto ndi kuwonekera kwa chotulutsa chotuluka kuyenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe amadzi olowera. Kuyesa kwa Hydrostatic kunachitika pansi pa kutentha koyipa nthawi yozizira. Chotsatira: chifukwa cha madzi kuthamanga mayeso chubu mwamsanga mazira, kuti chubu ataundana zoipa. Miyezo: yesetsani kuyesa kuthamanga kwa madzi musanagwiritse ntchito nthawi yachisanu, ndipo mutatha kuyesa kupanikizika, madzi ayenera kuwombedwa bwino, makamaka madzi mu valavu ayenera kukhala angwiro mu ukonde, apo ayi valavu idzakhala yozizira. Kuyeza kuthamanga kwa madzi kuyenera kuchitidwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo madzi ayenera kuwombedwa bwino pambuyo poyesa kuthamanga. Ngati kuyesa kwa hydrostatic sikutheka, mpweya woponderezedwa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. No-no 2 Dongosolo la mapaipilo silinasunthidwe mosamalitsa lisanamalizidwe, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe ndi liwiro silingathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuwotcha mapaipi. Ngakhale madzi kuthamanga mphamvu kuyezetsa ngalande m'malo flushing. Zotsatira zake: Kukoma kwamadzi sikungakwaniritse zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa gawo la mapaipi kapena kutsekeka. Miyezo: gwiritsani ntchito dongosolo kuti muyike madzi othamanga kwambiri kapena kuthamanga kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 3m / s pochapa. Utoto ndi kuwonekera kwa chotulutsa chotuluka kuyenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe amadzi olowera. No-no 3 Madzi a m'madzi, madzi amvula, mapaipi a condensate samayesa madzi otsekedwa adzabisika. Zotsatira zake: Zitha kuyambitsa kutayikira kwamadzi komanso kutayika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Miyezo: Ntchito yoyesa madzi otsekedwa iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi kuvomereza koyendera. Mobisa m'manda, inaimitsidwa denga, chitoliro ndi zina zonyansa zobisika, madzi amvula, condensed madzi chitoliro kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kutayikira. Taboo 4 Pamene kuyesa mphamvu ya madzi ndi kulimba kwa mapaipi, kufunikira kwa kuthamanga ndi kusintha kwa madzi kuyenera kuwonedwa, ndipo kuyang'anira kutayikira sikokwanira. Chotsatira: Kutayikira kunachitika pambuyo pa ntchito ya payipi dongosolo, zimakhudza ntchito yachibadwa. Miyezo: pamene dongosolo la mapaipi likuyesedwa malinga ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe ndi zomangamanga, kuwonjezera pa kujambula mtengo wa kuthamanga kapena kusintha kwa madzi mkati mwa nthawi yotchulidwa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'ana mosamala ngati pali kutayikira. No-no 5 valavu ya butterfly yokhala ndi ma valve wamba. Zotsatira: gulugufe valavu flange ndi wamba valavu flange kukula si yemweyo, ena flange awiri ndi yaing'ono, ndi gulugufe valavu chimbale chachikulu, chifukwa osati lotseguka kapena zovuta kutsegula valavu kuwonongeka. Miyeso: malinga ndi kukula kwenikweni kwa gulugufe valavu flange processing flange. No-no 6 Palibe mabowo osungidwa ndi magawo ophatikizidwa pomanga nyumba yomanga, kapena kukula kwa mabowo osungidwa ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri ndipo mbali zophatikizidwa sizimatchulidwa. Zotsatira zake: pomanga ntchito yotenthetsera ndi kuyeretsa, sungani nyumbayo, kapena kudula zitsulo zolimba, zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo cha nyumbayo. Miyezo: odziwa bwino zojambula zomanga za Kutentha ndi ukhondo waumisiri, malinga ndi zosowa za payipi ndi unsembe wothandizira hanger, yesetsani kugwirizana kwambiri pomanga mabowo osungidwa ndi magawo ophatikizidwa a nyumbayo, makamaka potengera zofunikira za mapangidwe ndi zomangamanga. No-no 7 Chitoliro chikawotchedwa, pakamwa molakwika pa chitoliro chosiyana sichikhala pa Central Line, chitoliro chotsutsanacho sichimasiya mipata, chitoliro cholimba cha khoma sichimawombera poyambira, ndipo m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld. osakwaniritsa zofunikira za code yomanga. Chotsatira: chitoliro cholakwika pakamwa si pakati mzere mwachindunji amakhudza kuwotcherera khalidwe ndi maganizo khalidwe. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa awiriwo, wandiweyani khoma chitoliro si fosholo poyambira, m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld si kukwaniritsa zofunika kuwotcherera amafuna mphamvu. Miyeso: pambuyo kuwotcherera chitoliro chikufanana, chitoliro sayenera kulakwitsa pakamwa, ayenera kukhala pa mzere pakati, mnzakeyo ayenera kusiya kusiyana, wandiweyani khoma chitoliro kuti fosholo poyambira, kuwonjezera, m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld ayenera welded mu. molingana ndi zofunikira zatsatanetsatane. Taboo 8 Chitolirocho chimakwiriridwa mwachindunji m'nthaka yozizira komanso dothi lotayirira, mtunda ndi malo a zitoliro ndizosayenera, ndipo ngakhale mawonekedwe a njerwa yowuma amatengedwa. Chotsatira: Paipiyi idawonongeka panthawi yotsekera kumbuyo chifukwa cha chithandizo chosakhazikika, zomwe zidapangitsa kukonzanso ndikukonzanso. Miyezo: payipi sayenera kukwiriridwa m'nthaka yowuma komanso dothi lotayirira, malo otsetsereka amayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo omanga, padiyo iyenera kukhala yolimba, makamaka mawonekedwe a mapaipi, sayenera kumeta ubweya. Pier yothandizira njerwa kuti agwiritse ntchito zomangira matope a simenti, onetsetsani kukhulupirika, kulimba. No-no 9 Maboti okulitsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zothandizira mapaipi ndi abwino kwambiri, mabowo a mabawuti okulirapo ndi akulu kwambiri, kapena mabawuti okulitsa amayikidwa pamakoma a njerwa kapena makoma opepuka. Zotsatira zake: chitoliro cha chitoliro chimamasuka, chitoliro chimawonongeka, ngakhale kugwa. Miyeso: Bawuti yowonjezera iyenera kusankhidwa zinthu zoyenerera, ndipo kuyesa kwachitsanzo kuyenera kuchitidwa ngati kuli kofunikira. Kutsegula kwa bawuti yowonjezera sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kukula kwakunja kwa bawuti yowonjezera 2mm, ndipo bawuti yowonjezera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe a konkire. No-no 10 Flange ndi mphamvu ya gasket yolumikizira mapaipi sikokwanira, bawuti yolumikizira ndi yayifupi kapena yopyapyala m'mimba mwake. Ma gaskets a mphira amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi otentha, ma gaskets a asbestos amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi amadzi ozizira, ndipo ma gaskets awiri kapena ma beveled gaskets amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma flange gaskets otuluka mu chitoliro. Zotsatira: olowa flange si zolimba, ngakhale kuwonongeka, kutayikira chodabwitsa. Flange liner imalowa mu chitoliro ndikuwonjezera kukana kwamadzi. Miyezo: ma flanges ndi ma gaskets a mapaipi ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga kukakamiza kwa mapaipi. Kwa ma gaskets a flange otenthetsera ndi mapaipi operekera madzi otentha, ma gaskets a mphira a asbestos ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; Gaskets mphira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito flange gaskets madzi ndi mipope ngalande. Flange gasket sayenera kutulukira mu chitoliro, bwalo lake lakunja kwa bowo la flange ndiloyenera. Palibe bevel pad kapena ma gaskets angapo omwe aziyikidwa pakati pa flange. M'mimba mwake wa bawuti wolumikiza flange uyenera kukhala wosakwana 2mm kuposa pobowola flange, ndipo kutalika kwa ndodo ya bawuti yotchingira mtedza ukhale 1/2 wa makulidwe a mtedza. Taboo 11 njira yoyika ma valve ndiyolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, valavu yoyimitsa kapena kuyang'ana madzi a valve ( nthunzi) ikuyenda mosiyana ndi chizindikiro, tsinde limayikidwa pansi, valavu yoyang'ana yomwe imayikidwa pamtunda imayikidwa molunjika, palibe malo otseguka kapena otseka a chogwirira cha valve ya chipata kapena butterfly. valavu, ndipo tsinde la valve yobisika silikuyang'ana pakhomo loyang'anira. Zotsatira: kulephera kwa ma valve, kukonza kusintha kumakhala kovuta, tsinde la valve pansi nthawi zambiri limayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi. Miyezo: mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo a unsembe valavu unsembe, tsinde chipata valavu kusiya kutambasuka kokwanira kwa kutalika kutsegula, valavu gulugufe mokwanira kuganizira chogwirira kasinthasintha danga, mitundu yonse ya valavu tsinde sangakhale m'munsi kuposa malo yopingasa, koma osati pansi. Valavu yobisika osati kungokwaniritsa zofunikira zotsegula ndi kutseka kwa chitseko choyendera, nthawi yomweyo tsinde la valve liyenera kulowera pakhomo loyendera. Taboo 12 Mafotokozedwe ndi zitsanzo za ma valve omwe adayikidwa sizimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga. Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwadzina kwa valve kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi kuyesa kwa dongosolo; Pamene m'mimba mwake chitoliro ndi zosakwana kapena ofanana 50mm, valavu pachipata ntchito; Kutentha kwamadzi otentha kuuma, chokwera pogwiritsa ntchito valve yoyimitsa; Chitoliro choyamwa pampu yamoto chimatenga valavu ya butterfly. Zotsatira: zimakhudza kutsegula ndi kutseka kwabwino kwa valve ndikusintha kukana, kupanikizika ndi ntchito zina. Ngakhale anayambitsa dongosolo ntchito, valavu kuwonongeka anakakamizika kukonza. Miyezo: wodziwa bwino ntchito yamitundu yonse ya mavavu, malinga ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe a ma valve ndi zitsanzo. Kuthamanga kwa valve mwadzina kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kupanikizika kwa dongosolo. Malinga ndi zofunikira za malamulo omanga: madzi operekera nthambi m'mimba mwake osakwana kapena ofanana ndi 50mm ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi valve yapadziko lonse; Mavavu a pachipata ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitoliro cha chitoliro ndi chachikulu kuposa 50mm. Kutentha kwamadzi otentha ndi kuyanika, valavu yowongolera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito valavu yachipata, chitoliro choyamwa chamoto sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito valavu ya butterfly. Mavavu a Taboo 13 samawunikiridwa momwe amafunikira musanakhazikitse. Zotsatira zake: pakugwira ntchito kwa dongosololi, chosinthira valavu sichimasinthasintha, valavu simatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndipo kutulutsa kwamadzi (nthunzi) kumachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonzanso ndi kukonza, komanso kukhudza madzi abwinobwino (nthunzi). Miyezo: musanayambe kuyika ma valve, kulimba kwa mphamvu ndi kulimba kumayenera kuchitidwa. Mayeso amayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwachisawawa 10% ya kuchuluka kwa batchi iliyonse (mtundu womwewo, mawonekedwe omwewo, mtundu womwewo), osachepera imodzi. Kuyesa kwamphamvu ndi kulimba kuyenera kuchitidwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi kwa valve yotsekedwa yomwe imayikidwa pa chitoliro chachikulu ndipo imagwira ntchito yodula. Mphamvu ya mavavu ndi kulimba kwa kuyezetsa kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Water Supply and drainage and heating Engineering" (GB 50242-2002). Taboo 14 Zida zazikulu, zida ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga kusowa kwa zikalata zowunikira zaukadaulo kapena ziphaso zazinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika mdziko kapena unduna. Zotsatira: The khalidwe polojekiti si oyenerera, pali ngozi angathe, sangathe kuperekedwa ntchito pa ndandanda, ayenera reworked kukonza; Zimayambitsa kuchedwa kwa nthawi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi zinthu. Miyezo: zida zazikulu, zida ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi ndi ngalande ndi ntchito zotenthetsera ndi zaukhondo ziyenera kukwaniritsa zikalata zowunikira zaukadaulo kapena ziphaso zoperekedwa ndi boma kapena unduna wazomwe zikuchitika; Dzina lazogulitsa, mtundu, mawonekedwe, nambala yamtundu wadziko lonse, tsiku loperekera, dzina ndi malo opanga, satifiketi yoyang'anira kapena kachidindo kachinthu chotumizira ziyenera kuwonetsedwa.