Ukwethulwa kwama-actuator kagesi wamavalvu esiteshi samandla (II)

Ukwethulwa kwama-activator kagesi amavalvu esiteshi samandla (II) Umshini ongalawula ukugeleza koketshezi epayipini ngokushintsha ingxenye yepayipi ibizwa ngokuthi i-valve noma ingxenye yevalvu. Indima eyinhloko ye-valve epayipini yile: i-medium exhunyiwe noma encishisiwe; Vimbela ukubuyela emuva kwemidiya; Lungisa ingcindezi, ukugeleza kanye neminye imingcele ye-medium; Ukuhlukanisa, ukuxuba, noma ukusabalalisa imidiya; Vimbela ukucindezela okuphakathi kudlula inani elishiwo, ukuze ugcine umgwaqo noma isitsha, ukuphepha kwemishini. Idivaysi ekwazi ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi epayipini ngokushintsha ingxenye yepayipi ibizwa ngokuthi i-valve noma ingxenye yevalvu. Indima eyinhloko ye-valve epayipini yile: i-medium exhunyiwe noma encishisiwe; Vimbela ukubuyela emuva kwemidiya; Lungisa ingcindezi, ukugeleza kanye neminye imingcele ye-medium; Ukuhlukanisa, ukuxuba, noma ukusabalalisa imidiya; Vimbela ukucindezela okuphakathi kudlula inani elishiwo, ukuze ugcine umgwaqo noma isitsha, ukuphepha kwemishini. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje, i-valve embonini, ukwakhiwa, ezolimo, ukuzivikela kuzwelonke, ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuphila kwabantu kanye nezinye izici zokusetshenziswa ngokuya ezivamile, isibe imikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu yemishini emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yemisebenzi yabantu. Ama-valve asetshenziswa kakhulu kubunjiniyela bamapayipi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-valve ngezinhloso ezahlukene. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva, izakhiwo ezintsha, izinto ezintsha kanye nokusetshenziswa okusha kwama-valve kuye kwasungulwa. Ukuze kuhlanganiswe izindinganiso zokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi nokukhetha okulungile nokuhlonza i-valve, ukuze kube lula ukukhiqiza, ukufakwa nokushintshwa, ukucaciswa kwe-valve kungukumisa, ukujwayelekile, ukuthuthukiswa kokuqondisa kwe-serialization. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-valve: I-valve yezimboni yazalwa ngemva kokusungulwa kwenjini ye-steam, eminyakeni engamashumi amabili noma amathathu edlule, ngenxa ye-petroleum, amakhemikhali, isiteshi samandla, igolide, imikhumbi, amandla enuzi, i-aerospace nezinye izici zesidingo. izidingo eziphakeme ku-valve, ukuze abantu bacwaninge futhi bakhiqize imingcele ephezulu ye-valve, izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza kusukela ekushiseni kokuqala -269 ℃ kuya ku-1200 ℃, ngisho nangaphezulu njenge-3430 ℃; Ukucindezela kokusebenza kusuka ku-ultra-vacuum 1.33 × 10-8Pa (1 × 1010mmHg) kuya ku-ultra-high pressure 1460MPa; Ubukhulu bevalvu busuka ku-1mm kuye ku-6000mm futhi bufike ku-9750mm. Izinto zevalvu ezivela ku-cast iron, carbon steel, ukuthuthukiswa kuye ku-titanium ne-titanium alloy steel, kanye nensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala, insimbi yezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye ne-valve yensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa. Imodi yokushayela ye-valve kusukela ekuthuthukisweni okuguquguqukayo kuya kugesi, i-pneumatic, i-hydraulic, kuze kube yilapho isilawuli sohlelo, umoya, isilawuli kude, njll. Ngokwendima ye-valve evulekile nevaliwe, izindlela zokuhlukanisa ama-valve ziningi, lapha ukwethula okulandelayo okulandelayo. 1. Ukuhlelwa ngomsebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa (1) i-valve yokumisa: i-valve yokumisa yaziwa nangokuthi i-valve evaliwe, indima yayo ukuxhuma noma ukusika okuphakathi epayipini. Ama-valve anqanyuliwe ahlanganisa ama-valve esango, ama-globe valves, ama-plug valve, ama-ball valve, ama-butterfly valves nama-diaphragm valves. (2) i-valve yokuhlola: i-valve yokuhlola, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-valve yokuhlola noma i-valve yokuhlola, indima yayo ukuvimbela okuphakathi ekugelezeni kwepayipi emuva. Ukumuncwa kwephampu yamanzi ku-valve engezansi nakho kungowe-valve yokuhlola. (3) valvu yokuphepha: indima yevalvu yokuphepha ukuvimbela umfutho ophakathi nendawo epayipini noma idivayisi ukuba idlule inani elishiwo, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokuvikela ukuphepha. (4) i-valve yokulawula: isigaba se-valve esilawulayo esihlanganisa i-valve elawulayo, i-throttle valve kanye ne-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, indima yayo ukulungisa ingcindezi ye-medium, flow kanye nezinye ezintathu. (5) i-shunt valve: isigaba se-shunt valve sihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zamavalvu okusabalalisa nezicupho, njll., indima yaso ukusabalalisa, ukuhlukanisa noma ukuhlanganisa okuphakathi epayipini. 2. Ukuhlelwa ngomfutho wegama (1) I-vacuum valve: ibhekisela kuvalvu umfutho wayo wokusebenza uphansi kunomfutho ojwayelekile womkhathi. (2) i-valve yokucindezela okuphansi: ibhekisela ku-valve ye-PN≤ 1.6mpa. (3) i-valve yokucindezela okuphakathi: ibhekisela ekucindezelweni okuzisholo kwe-PN ngu-2.5, 4.0, 6.4Mpa valve. (4) I-valve yomfutho ophezulu: ibhekisela kuvalvu umfutho wayo we-PN ongu-10 ~ 80Mpa. (5) I-valve ye-Ultra-high pressure: ibhekisela ku-valve ene-pressure yegama elithi PN≥100Mpa. 3. Ukuhlelwa ngokushisa okusebenzayo (1)** valvu yokushisa: isetshenziselwa ukushisa okuphakathi kokusebenza kwe-T-100 ℃ valve. (2) i-valve yokushisa ephansi: isetshenziselwa ukushisa okuphakathi kokusebenza -100℃≤ T ≤-40℃ valve. (3) i-valve yokushisa evamile: isetshenziselwa ukushisa okuphakathi kokusebenza -40℃≤ T ≤120℃ valve. (4) i-valve yokushisa ephakathi: isetshenziselwa ukushisa okuphakathi kokusebenza kwe-120 ℃ (5) i-valve yokushisa ephezulu: isetshenziselwa ukushisa okuphakathi kokusebenza kwe-T450 ℃ valve. 4. Ukuhlelwa ngemodi yokushayela (1) Ivalvu ezenzakalelayo isho ivalvu engadingi amandla angaphandle ukuze ishayele, kodwa incike emandleni omthombo ngokwawo ukwenza ivalvu isebenze. Njenge-valve yokuphepha, i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, isicupho, i-valve yokuhlola, i-valve yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo nokunye. (2) I-valve yokushayela amandla: i-valve yokushayela amandla ingasebenzisa imithombo yamandla ehlukahlukene ukushayela. Ivalvu kagesi: Ivalvu eshayelwa ugesi. I-valve ye-pneumatic: i-valve eqhutshwa umoya ocindezelweyo. Ivalvu yeHydraulic: Ivalvu eqhutshwa ukucindezela koketshezi olufana nowoyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlanganisela eziningana zezindlela zokushayela ezingenhla, njengama-valve kagesi kagesi. (3) I-valve ye-Manual: i-valve ye-manual ngosizo lwesondo lesandla, isibambo, i-lever, i-sprocket, ngabasebenzi ukulawula isenzo se-valve. Uma i-torque yokuvula nokuvala inkulu, isondo noma isinciphisi segiya lezikelemu singasethwa phakathi kwesondo lesandla nesiqu se-valve. Uma kunesidingo, amajoyinti e-universal kanye nama-drive shafts nawo angasetshenziswa ekusebenzeni okude. Kafushane, izindlela zokuhlukanisa ama-valve ziningi, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngokwendima yazo ekuhlukaniseni amapayipi. Ama-valve ajwayelekile kwezobunjiniyela bezimboni nezomphakathi angahlukaniswa abe yizigaba eziyi-11, okuyi-valve yesango, i-valve yembulunga yonke, ipulaki i-valve, i-valve yebhola, i-butterfly valve, i-diaphragm valve, isheke i-valve, i-throttle valve, i-valve yokuphepha, i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi kanye ne-valve yesicupho. Amanye ama-valve akhethekile, njengama-valvu ensimbi, ama-valve esistimu yamaphayiphi okulawula amanzi, ama-valve asetshenziswa emishinini eyahlukene yamakhemikhali nezinto zokusebenza, awafakiwe kule ncwadi (2) Uma isixhumi sikagesi simiswa ngendlela yendawo ekhombisa indlela, isikhombi umshini obonisayo kufanele uhambisane nesiqondiso sokuzungezisa sokushintsha komshini wokuphumayo, futhi akukho khefu noma i-hysteresis esebenzayo. Ububanzi be-engeli yokuzungezisa kufanele bube ngu-80°~280° lapho isixhumi sikagesi silungiswa ngesidlulisi sendawo. Amandla kagesi kufanele abe yi-DC 12V~-30V, futhi isignali yendawo yokuphumayo kufanele ibe (4~20) mADC, futhi iphutha lokususwa kwangempela kokuphumayo kokugcina kwe-actuator kagesi akufanele ibe nkulu kuno-1% yebanga lenani lesignali yendawo yokuphumayo Ukuxhuma: Isingeniso kuma-actuator kagesi wamavalvu esiteshi samandla kagesi (I) 5.10. Lapho i-actuator kagesi ifakwe indawo yensimu ekhombisa indlela, isikhombi sendlela ekhombisayo kufanele sihambisane nesiqondiso sokuzungezisa sokushintshwa kwe-shaft yokukhipha, futhi akukho khefu noma i-hysteresis esebenzayo. I-engeli yokuzungezisa kufanele ibe ngu-80°~280° 5.2.11 lapho isidlulisi sendawo silungiselelwa i-actuator kagesi, i-voltage yomthombo wamandla izoba ngu-12V~-30V, futhi isignali yendawo yokuphumayo izoba (4~20) mADC. , futhi iphutha lokugudluzwa kwangempela kokuphumayo kokugcina kwe-actuator kagesi ngeke libe likhulu kune-1% lobubanzi obukhonjiswe isignali yendawo yokuphumayo 5.2.12 Umsindo we-actuator kagesi ngaphansi komthwalo awukho uzolinganiswa imitha yezinga lomsindo hhayi ngaphezu kuka-75dB (A) izinga lokucindezela komsindo 5.2.13. Ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation phakathi kwazo zonke izingxenye ezithwalayo zamanje ze-actuator kagesi kanye nendlu akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-20M ω 5.2.14 I-actuator kagesi izokwazi ukumelana nemvamisa ye-50Hz, i-voltage ingumsinga oshintshashintshayo we-sinusoidal ocaciswe kuThebula 2. , futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-dielectric kuhlala ku-lmin. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukuwohloka kwe-insulation, i-flashover ebusweni, ukwanda okukhulu kokuvuza kwamanje noma ukwehla okungazelelwe kwe-voltage ngeke kwenzeke. Ithebula 2 I-voltage yokuhlola 5.2.15 Indlela yokushintshanisa yesandla uye kugesi izovumelana nezimo futhi ithembeke, futhi isondo lesandla akufanele lijikelezise ngesikhathi sokusebenza kukagesi (ngaphandle kokuthi lishayelwa ukungqubuzana). 5.2.16 I-torque enkulu yokulawula ye-actuator kagesi akufanele ibe ngaphansi kunetorque elinganiselwe. ** I-torque encane yokulawula akufanele ibe nkulu kunetorque elinganiselwe, futhi ngeke ibe nkulu kuno-50% wetorque yokulawula enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa ubuncane bokulawula i-torque. Uma umsebenzisi engayiceli i-torque, itorque encane yokulawula izosethwa. 5.2.18 I-torque evimbile ye-actuator kagesi izoba nkulu ngokuphindwe ka-1.1 kunetorque enkulu yokulawula. 5.2.19 Ingxenye yokulawula i-torque ye-actuator kagesi izozwela futhi ithembeke, futhi ikwazi ukulungisa usayizi wetorque yokulawula okukhiphayo. Ukunemba okuphindayo kwethoshi yokulawula kuzohambisana nezinhlinzeko zeThebula 3. Ithebula 3 Lawula ukunemba kokuphindaphinda kwethoshi 5.2.20. Indlela yokulawula i-stroke ye-actuator kagesi izozwela futhi ithembeke, futhi ukuchezuka kokuphindaphinda indawo yeshaft ephumayo yokulawula kuzohambisana nezinhlinzeko eziseThebula 4, futhi kuzoba nezimpawu zokulungisa indawo yokuthi "on" kanye "nokucima" . Ithebula 4 Ukuchezuka kokuphindaphinda indawo 5.2.21 lapho isixhumi sikagesi sithwala ngokushesha umthwalo oshiwo kuThebula lesi-5, zonke izingxenye eziphethe ngeke zigogeke noma zilimale. 5.2.22, i-activator kagesi yohlobo olushintshayo izokwazi ukumelana nokuhlolwa kokuphila kokusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokwehluleka izikhathi ezingu-10,000, futhi uhlobo lwe-actuator kagesi olulawulayo luzokwazi ukumelana nokuhlolwa kokuphila kokusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokwehluleka izikhathi ezingu-200,000. 5.3 Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zama-activator kagesi anezingxenye zokulawula amandla 5.3.1 Ama-actuator kagesi afakwe izingxenye zokulawula amandla azobandakanya ama-activator kagesi alinganayo futhi ahlangene. 5,3.2 i-actuator kagesi enengxenye yokulawula amandla izohlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ku-5.2. 5.3.3 Iphutha eliyisisekelo le-actuator kagesi akumele libe ngaphezu kuka-1.0% 5.3.4 Iphutha lokubuyisela le-actuator kagesi akufanele libe likhulu kuno-1.0%