zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo zopindika padziko lonse lapansi

Chiyambireni "International Maritime Organisation Ballast Water Convention" idayamba kugwira ntchito mu Seputembara 2017, eni zombo akhala akuyitanitsa kampani yaku Finland yomanga ndi uinjiniya wam'madzi kuti iwunike moyima pa pulani yake yosintha kasamalidwe ka madzi. M'miyezi yaposachedwa, siginecha zawonjezedwa ku Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa 2004 Woyang'anira ndi Kuwongolera Zombo za Ballast Water and Sediments. Izi sizingabise kuti izi zaletsedwa ndi International Maritime Organisation (IMO) kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa. Mayiko 52 omwe asayina mapangano ndi IMO apitilira 30 yofunikira, koma amangowerengera 35.1441% ya matani apadziko lonse lapansi, osapitilira 35% gawo lofunikira kuti ayambitse kugwira ntchito miyezi 12 atavomerezedwa. Zikuwoneka kuti "chikalata" chalamulo chayandikira, komabe sichinthu chophweka. Komabe, mu 2016, mwini sitimayo adasiya nkhaniyi, chifukwa ankakhulupirira kuti ntchito yabwino ya BWMS ya zombo zomwe zinalipo zikufunika mwachangu mayankho aukadaulo. Foreship, kampani yotsogola ya zomangamanga zapamadzi komanso upangiri waumisiri wapamadzi, posachedwa yapereka malingaliro atsatanetsatane pazosankha zobweza, ndipo kafukufuku wotheka amakhudza zombo imodzi. Magulu a magulu akuwunika mayankho aukadaulo osiyanasiyana ndi matekinoloje ofanana omwe amaperekedwa ndi ogulitsa osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mibadwo ya zombo, ndikuwunika ntchito yonse yoyika, malo oyikapo, ndikusintha kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kosatha. Olli Somerkallio, yemwe kale anali mkulu wa dipatimenti yamakina, adalongosola kuti ngakhale kusankha pakati pa machitidwe kudzayendetsedwa ndi mtengo, sikophweka kuyerekeza. "Timayang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo pakuyika, zomwe zikutanthauza malo opangira zida, mapaipi ndi kuyanjana kwamagetsi," adatero Somerkallio. "Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, mukufunikira ukadaulo womanga zankhondo zapamadzi, uinjiniya wapamadzi, komanso machitidwe a zombo." Mayendedwe amadzi am'sitima apanyanja nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pa 500m3/h, zomwe zimapangitsa eni zombo kusankha ukadaulo wa BWMS wopangidwa ndi UV, womwe umapangitsa kuti mitundu yowononga "satheke" m'malo moipha. Komabe, monga zanenedweratu, a US Coast Guard sanavomerezebe miyezo yoyesera ya UV. Kuphatikiza apo, zida za UV sizingatheke pamayendedwe okulirapo ofunikira ndi dongosolo lalikulu lamadzi la ballast pazombo zazikulu zonyamula katundu (monga matanki amafuta ndi zonyamula zambiri). Apa, electrochlorination (EC) yakhala yankho lokondedwa. EC imapanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a klorini podutsa madzi mwachindunji kuti achitepo kanthu ndi sodium chloride. Klorini yaulere yopangidwa imapha mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono ta ballast. Mu gawo la deballasting, kuchuluka kwa klorini kumayezedwa ndipo neutralizer imayambitsidwa ngati pakufunika. Eni ake ayenera kuzindikira kuti mapaipi owonjezera ofunikira ndi BWMS, zolumikizira ndi mavavu ogwirizana, ndi BWMS yokha ndizomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika. Somerkallio akuwonetsa kuti mapampu a ballast ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira yamutu kuti awathetse. Ananenanso kuti tsogolo limapangitsa kusanthula kutayika kwamphamvu kukhala gawo la kafukufuku wake chifukwa nthawi zina kumafunika kukweza chopondera kapena mota. Iye anati: “Zikafika poipa kwambiri, mpope wonse ungafunike kusinthidwa. Somerkallio adatinso chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa akasinja, chifukwa madzi a ballast amachitikira kumata ndi kumbuyo nthawi yomweyo. Matanki a ballast kumbuyo nthawi zambiri amakhala odzaza ndi magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu kotero kuti ndi ofunikira kuti chombocho chisamayende bwino. Pano, mpope waukulu wa ballast system uli m'chipinda chopopera mafuta onyamula katundu (malo owopsa), kotero sungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupopera madzi ku thanki lakumbuyo lapamwamba pamalo otetezeka. Pampu yakumbuyo siyingalumikizane mwachindunji ndi BWMS yayikulu. Sitima yonyamula mafuta yapakatikati ingafunike kuyenda kwakukulu kwa ballast system kukhala 2000 m3 / h, ndipo imagawidwa m'madoko ndi matanki a starboard ballast. Izi zitha kuthetsedwa ndi ma BWMS awiri okhala ndi mphamvu ya 1000m3 / h, kapena kulumikiza mapampu onse awiri ku BWMS imodzi yamadongosolo omwewo. Kufuna kwapayekha kwamadzi olimba a ballast kudzayendetsedwa ndi mapampu anthawi zonse olumikizidwa ndi BWMS yaying'ono yokhala ndi kuthamanga kwa 250-300m3/h (mwachitsanzo). Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Foreship wothekera adawunikidwa mwatsatanetsatane mayankho awiri a EC operekedwa ndi opanga mpikisano: imodzi imatengera EC muzogulitsa wamba; Komano, EC limapezeka mu mbali mtsinje ndi "mankhwala zinthu" anayambitsa Ballast thanki. Somerkallio adanena kuti, kwenikweni, machitidwe akuluakulu ndi osavuta, opepuka, komanso ang'onoang'ono kusiyana ndi machitidwe othamanga, ndipo amawononga pafupifupi 25% magetsi ocheperapo. Komabe, adawonjezeranso kuti zikhumbo zokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa, magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo zitha kukopa yankho losavomerezeka. "Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi wopanga, chifukwa cha mapangidwe apadera a elekitirodi ndi zipangizo, dongosolo lake lalikulu la EC lingathe kugwira ntchito pa mchere wochepa kwambiri, koma silingathe kugwira ntchito m'madzi amchere a zero monga Great Salt Lake. machitidwe; ngati mchere uli wotsika kuposa 15 PSU, madzi a m'nyanja osungidwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito." Poyerekeza ndi machitidwe odziwika bwino, machitidwe oyendetsa kutsogolo amathanso kugwira ntchito m'madzi ozizira. Apanso, voliyumu ya dongosolo la m'mphepete mwa nyanja ingakhale yowirikiza kawiri ya dongosolo lodziwika bwino, ndipo kulemera kwawonjezeka ndi 60%, koma Somerkallio adanena kuti ndikofunikira kufunsa komwe BWMS yowonjezera imatenga malo. Iye anafotokoza kuti kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake Kuyika magawo a ufulu. Pankhani ya malo apansi, njira zowonongeka zingafunike magawo awiri pa atatu a malo omwe amafunikira kuti athetse njira zowonongeka, koma ngati njira imodzi yoyendetsera mbali imodzi ikugwira ntchito pa mapampu awiri, kusiyana kuli pafupifupi kosatheka. Momwemonso, kuchuluka kwa mapaipi ofunikira pakulekanitsa kwa njira za EC komwe kumafunikira ndi kachitidwe kam'mbali kam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kuwirikiza kawiri kachitidwe kazambiri. Komabe, mapaipi ambiri owonjezera ndi ang'onoang'ono m'mimba mwake (DN20, DN40). Somerkallio ananena kuti ngakhale anawonjezeranso ndemanga zina zokhudza kuyika matanki, kusintha kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuunika koyenera kwa zombo zilizonse. Ziribe kanthu kuti ndi njira yotani yomwe ikufunika pa dongosolo lalikulu, thanki yakumbuyo imafunikira makonzedwe osiyanasiyana. Mutha kuganizira kukhazikitsa njira yosiyana ya UV kapena EC kumbuyo, koma mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito njira ya EC m'sitima yonseyi, kuti mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti pampu yapamtunda imakhala yotalikirana pakati pa dongosolo lalikulu ndi makina akumbuyo. Pamapeto pake, "mankhwala" opangidwa m'malo otetezeka adzagawidwa padera ku tanki yosungiramo nsonga zapamwamba. Somerkallio adanenanso kuti mitundu yonse ya machitidwe a EC amatulutsa haidrojeni ngati chinthu chongowonjezera, ndikuwonjeza kuti njira iyi yolowera m'mbali imabweretsa zoopsa zambiri: pakapanda mpweya wabwino, imatha kutulutsidwa mu thanki ya chlorine kudzera mu mpweya wokakamiza. Wa hydrogen anapunthwa BWMS. Chachitatu, ogwira ntchito omwe amaika patsogolo kukonza ayenera kuganizira kuti ngakhale machitidwe akuluakulu samakhala ovuta kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti zigawo zochepa, ma BWMS awiri osiyana angafunike: zonse, chiwerengero cha zigawo zidzakhala zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, Foreship inanena kuti machitidwe omwe amawunikira nthawi zambiri amakhala owonongeka pakapita nthawi kuposa ma seva ake ambiri. M'malo mwake, machitidwe onsewa amafunikira kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, koma pambuyo pa maola 2500, mapampu oyenda m'mbali ndi zowuzira zimafunikira chisamaliro. Ngakhale kuti ntchito zambiri zingathe kuchitidwa ndi ogwira ntchito, Somerkallio ananena kuti kuunika kokwanira kosamalira m’derali kukuchitikabe. Pamene mwini sitimayo adakumana ndi zenizeni zaukadaulo wosintha, adanenanso kuti kafukufuku wokwanira wochitidwa ndi Foreship adawonetsa kuti zabwino zilizonse mu BWMS zitha kukhala zamphamvu kwambiri pamaso pa omwe akungoyimilira. Reuters, Copenhagen, February 10th, Jacob Gronholt-Pedersen (Jacob Gronholt-Pedersen)-Kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa ogula mipando ndi zida zamasewera kwadzetsa kukwera kwamitengo, komwe kwakwera ... Adanenedwa ndi Shrivathsa Sridhar (Reuters)- Mfalansa Yannick Bestaven adalengezedwa kuti ndiye wopambana mpikisano wa Vendee Globe padziko lonse lapansi koyambirira kwa sabata yatha atalandira bonasi ya ... Kusunga mafuta amafuta aku US kuti abwererenso pambuyo pa mliri. Ma cookie ofunikira ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti tsamba liziyenda bwino. Gululi lili ndi ma cookie okha omwe amatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha tsambalo. Ma cookie awa sasunga zinsinsi zaumwini. Ma cookie aliwonse omwe sali ofunikira kuti tsamba liziyenda bwino. Ma cookie awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso za ogwiritsa ntchito posanthula, kutsatsa ndi zina zophatikizidwa, ndipo amatchedwa ma cookie osafunikira. Muyenera kupeza chilolezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito musanagwiritse ntchito makeke awa patsamba lanu.