Dukurikije amahame ya OSHA agenga ibikorwa by’imyanda ishobora guterwa no gutabara byihutirwa (29 CFR 1910.120), abatekinisiye b’ibikoresho byangiza ni abasubiza “begera aho barekuriwe gucomeka, gutobora, cyangwa kubuza ko irekurwa ry’ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga.” Kubwibyo, amahugurwa kuri urwego rwa tekinike rugomba guhuzwa nuburyo nibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa muguhagarika irekurwa ryimpanuka (ni ukuvuga imyitozo yo kubitsa).
Igice cyingenzi cyamahugurwa yibikoresho ni uguha abahugurwa kurekurwa bigereranijwe kugirango basubizwe. Amakuru akurikira asobanura ibikoresho bine bikoreshwa mumahugurwa yabigenewe muri kaminuza ya Alabama i Birmingham / Centre ishinzwe uburezi nubushakashatsi ku kazi (UAB / CLEAR) Akazi n’umutekano w’ibidukikije na Gahunda y'Ubuzima.
Ibigize ibikoresho byose byasobanuwe hano, usibye kontineri ya chlorine, iraboneka byoroshye binyuze mumasoko yaho nkububiko bwibikoresho, abatanga amashanyarazi, hamwe n’amasosiyete atanga inganda. Guhimba no guhindura ibisabwa kugirango ukore ibyo bikoresho birimo ubuhanga buke bwubukanishi kandi busanzwe ibikoresho.Nyamara, hafatwa ko umusomyi afite ubuhanga buhagije bwubukanishi kandi ashobora gukoresha ibikoresho. Kubwibyo, amabwiriza yihariye kumirimo nko guhuza imiyoboro hamwe cyangwa gucukura no gukanda ntabwo birimo.
Kimwe nibikorwa byose byakazi, imyitozo myiza yumutekano igomba gukurikizwa cyane mugihe cyo gukora ibikoresho byamahugurwa.Urugero, gushiraho ibyuma bikanda igitutu cya gaze bisaba gucukura no gukubita urukuta rwuruhande rwa silindiri ya gaz.Iyi nzira yonyine irashobora kuba irimo ingaruka zitandukanye. .
Umuyoboro wa pipe ni igikoresho gihagaze ku buntu cyegeranijwe kiva mu miyoboro y'amazi. Umuyoboro w'icyuma hamwe na fitingi birasabwa imbaraga, ariko niba uburemere buteye impungenge, umuyoboro wa PVC urashobora kandi gukoreshwa. Kwinjizamo imashini ifata ibyuma bifasha gukuramo byoroshye ububiko.Ibikoresho birashobora gutangwa namazi ukoresheje amashanyarazi yo mu busitani cyangwa andi masoko akwiye.
Ingingo zitandukanye zo kurekura zirashobora kwiganwa hakoreshejwe imiyoboro yo kwigana ibikorwa byo kubungabunga.Urugero, umwobo wubunini nubunini butandukanye urashobora gucukurwa, gutemwa cyangwa kubutaka mumiyoboro. Abanyeshuri bazakenera gusana ibyo byobo bakoresheje amashusho yo gusana imiyoboro cyangwa ikintu gisa nigihe gito. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imiyoboro idahwitse cyangwa ibikoresho birashobora gutera kumeneka.Ibi bisaba umunyeshuri gukoresha umugozi ubereye kugirango akomeze umurongo kugirango ahagarike kumeneka.Indi soko yo kurekura irashobora guhagarikwa gusa no gufunga valve.
Ibintu nkibikoresho bya pipe birashobora gukoreshwa mukwigisha uburyo bwiza bwo gukora.Urugero, abanyeshuri barashobora kwerekanwa ko mugushira kontineri munsi yumuryango wumuryango no gufungura valve mbere yo gutangira igikorwa cyo gusana, barashobora kugabanya igice kinini cyisuka kibaho mugihe imikorere mugihe igabanya umuvuduko kumeneka barimo gusana, bityo bikagabanya cyane umwanda wabo.
Imwe mu nyungu zingenzi zitangwa nibikoresho nkibikoresho bya pipe ni byinshi. Ingano nubwoko bwimiyoboro, fitingi, hamwe n’ibyangiritse bigarukira gusa ku ntego zamahugurwa, ibisabwa byabanyeshuri, hamwe no gutekereza kwabatoza.Ikindi kandi, abarimu barashobora guhindura ibikoresho byoroshye. .
Igikoresho cyo Guhugura Universal Containment Training (bita "Leak Monster") cyubatswe mu kigega cya litiro 30 zishyushya amazi y’amashanyarazi. Igikoresho cyagenewe kwemerera imyitozo mubikorwa bitandukanye bigamije gucomeka / gutema cyangwa gusana ibintu.
Tegeka abanyeshuri gusana imyanda yatembye iyo bibaye.Ibikoresho byabanjirije guteranyirizwa hamwe aho bagomba guhitamo ibikoresho nibikoresho byo gusana.Nkuko imyanda ihari ihagaritswe, imyanda mishya izagaragara mugihe urwego rwamazi muri tank ruzamutse. Nkuko CLEAR ikoresha ibi bikoresho, abahugurwa bakora inzira zikurikira kugirango basane ibyangiritse byose:
Shyiramo clip clip 112 ″ yo gusana imiyoboro ku mwobo munini uri mu muyoboro winjira (ituma amazi atembera mu kigega);
Koresha urunigi hanyuma ushireho ibifunga kugirango ufunge gasike hamwe nicyuma cyinyuma inyuma kumwobo munini ufite imiterere idasanzwe mumuhanda;
Shyiramo amarembo yuguruye yuzuye kumuyoboro uhuza hejuru yikigega, hanyuma ufunge byuzuye.
Umuyoboro muremure uhujwe na tank urimo imipira itandatu ya ping pong.Niba intambwe zose uko ari esheshatu zakozwe neza, umugezi wamazi uzahanagura iyi mipira hejuru yumuyoboro mugihe valve y irembo ifunze.Ibi nibikorwa byerekana a ibisubizo byiza.
Silinderi yama pound 150 yakoreshejwe nk'ishingiro ry'igikoresho.Icyuma cyatanzwe muri UAB / CLEAR nyuma yo gusezererwa n'umuntu utanga isoko. Amashanyarazi arashobora guhatirwa igitutu, bigatuma abanyeshuri bakora ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya chlorine. Ubuhanga bwasobanuwe hano irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mukanda igitutu cya kontineri.
Silinderi ikandamizwa numwuka binyuze mubikoresho byashyizwe kurukuta rwuruhande.Ibyo bisaba gucukura umwobo mu kigega no guhambira 14 ″ NPT ikwiye. Kubera impamvu zigaragara, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko ibikoresho byose byakoreshwaga mu kubika ibikoresho bishobora kuba byuzuye ubusa mbere yo gucukura, gukata, gusudira, cyangwa gukora ikindi gikorwa icyo aricyo cyose kuri kontineri. CLEAR ibereye ikoresha ihuza umurongo wikirere na silinderi ni swivel yisi yose kuburyo hose ihora yerekana hasi kugirango igabanye kwivanga.
Kubitutu, CLEAR ikoresha silinderi ya SCBA itanga umwuka hafi psi 2200.Umugenzuzi wibyiciro bibiri yakoreshejwe kugirango agumane ingufu za silinderi kuri 30 psi. umugenzuzi umwe.Ihuza ryose rifite ibikoresho byihuza byihuse byo guterana no gusenya byoroshye.Gukoresha umuyobozi kugirango ugabanye umuvuduko nibyingenzi kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nigitutu.Nyamara, nubwo byacitse intege, abigisha bahora bahari mugihe cyibikorwa byabanyeshuri kugirango babuze abanyeshuri gufata umutekano muke. ibikorwa, nko guhagarara imbere yibikoresho no kubipakurura.
Abanyeshuri bakora ari babiri kugirango bakosore chlorine. Mbere yuko buri tsinda rihagera, abigisha kuri sitasiyo y'ibikorwa bemeje ko hari ingingo nyinshi zasohotse kugira ngo zikosorwe. Kumeneka birashobora kugereranywa no kurekura igikwiye (nk'icyuma gishobora gukoreshwa, gupakira ibinyomoro, cyangwa igikapu cyo gusohoka . ingingo isimbuza ikoreshwa rya ammonia igisubizo cyo gutahura.
Abitabiriye amahugurwa bahabwa ibikoresho bya Chlorine Institute "A" ibikoresho byihutirwa byo kubungabunga ibikorwa.Mu ntangiriro, bakoresheje ibikoresho byatanzwe mu gikoresho kugirango bahagarike kumeneka mu gace ka valve bakomeza umurongo cyangwa gufunga valve.Nyuma yibyo, umutoza yakuyeho umutoza caplet outlet, yafunguye valve, anategeka itsinda gukomeza nkaho ryacitse kandi uburyo bwabanje ntibuzahagarara. Kuri iyi ngingo, umunyeshuri azakenera gushyiramo inteko ya hood yahawe ibikoresho bya "A" kuri silinderi. valve.Ubundi buryo ni uguhindura silinderi hamwe na valve yangiritse nkana kugirango inteko ya hood ikeneye gushyirwaho.
Intandaro yiki gikoresho ni umutwe wigisanduku cya tote gishyizwe kumurongo wicyuma, gifite ibikoresho bya kasitori, imikufi hamwe nimpeta zo guterura.CLEAR yaguze iki gicuruzwa numucuruzi utanga ibicuruzwa bitanga ibikoresho bya chlorine.Iki gikoresho kuri ubu gihujwe n’amazi valve hamwe nu munsi wo gucomeka kumurongo wamazi.
Umuyoboro wa parike kumfashanyo yo gutoza kontineri ya toni washyizweho igitutu binyuze mumyuka yashyizwe mu muyoboro wo hejuru wo gusohora.Igice kotswa igitutu n’isoko rimwe n’ikirere kimwe na litiro 150.
Umutwe wa kontineri ya toni ukoreshwa muburyo bumwe nka silinderi yama pound 150 ikoreshwa mumahugurwa.Ibidasanzwe byingenzi ni uburyo butandukanye bwo gucomeka no gukenera ibikoresho bya Chlorine Institute “B” byo gusana kontineri.
Ibitekerezo bimwe bijyanye ningaruka ziterwa nigitutu cyaganiriweho kuri pound ya pound 150 ikoreshwa mubikorwa byamahugurwa arimo imitwe ya toni. Birakenewe ingamba zumutekano zisa.
Iyo imyitozo hamwe nibi bikoresho, kimwe no mu bindi bihe byose, umutekano w’abahugurwa ugomba kwitabwaho cyane.Urugero, iyo imyitozo hamwe nubwato bwotswa igitutu, igitutu gihinduka kurwego rwo hasi, abahugurwa baraburirwa, kandi umwigisha yitegereza neza kugira ngo amenye neza ko abahugurwa batishora mu myitwarire ishobora kubashyira mu kaga. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka z’umutekano w’akarere, nkibihe by’ibyondo, zishobora kuvuka mugihe imyitozo hamwe n’ibikoresho bishingiye ku mazi.
Ibikoresho byasobanuwe hano biranyuranye kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mumyitozo yoroshye yo kwigisha ubumenyi bwibanze bwo kwirinda, kimwe nimyitozo igoye nko kwigana ibyabaye.Nyamara, igihe icyo aricyo cyose igikoresho nkiki gishyirwa mubikorwa muri gahunda y'amahugurwa, intego zamahugurwa zigomba kuba zuzuye bitekerezwa.Nta bikoresho muribi bikwiriye guhugurwa munsi yumutekinisiye.
Ibisabwa na byo ni ngombwa kwitabwaho. Abanyeshuri biga muri UAB / CLEAR muri iki gihe cyo kuvugurura tekinike basabwa gusana imyanda ku bikoresho bitatu bitandukanye (ibikoresho byo guhugura ibikoresho byose, ibikoresho bya chlorine y'ibiro 150, hamwe n'umutwe wa toni 1 ya chlorine) mu gihe kwambara ikositimu yo mu rwego rwa B.Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu (PPE) .Abahugurwa bose bahawe amahugurwa nuburambe mu kwambara ibikoresho byo gukingira ibikorwa byo kubungabunga.Nyamara, niba intego zose zikenewe (nkuburyo bwo kubuza no gukoresha PPE) zikoreshwa hakiri kare mumasomo , imyitozo imwe irashobora gukoreshwa mumahugurwa yambere ya tekinike.
Byinshi mubishushanyo mbonera byibikoresho bikubiye mu ngingo bireba UAB / CLEAR ibikoresho nibikoresho byoroshye kuboneka.Iyi gahunda ikoreshwa cyane cyane nkurugero kandi irashobora guhinduka nkuko bikenewe kugirango hinjizwemo ibice bihari kandi bikemure intego zihariye zabatoza.Mu bihe byose, amaherezo intego ni ugukora ibikoresho bizemerera abahugurwa kwitoza uburyo bwo kubika ibintu bishobora gukenerwa mugihe cyibikorwa byihutirwa.n
ALAN VEASEY ni umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda ya gahunda y’akazi n’umutekano w’ibidukikije n’ubuzima bukorwa n’ikigo gishinzwe uburezi n’ubushakashatsi ku murimo (UAB / CLEAR) muri kaminuza ya Alabama i Birmingham.Afite Masters mu burezi kandi ubu arimo arangiza Masters muri Ubuzima n’umutekano ku kazi.UAB / CLEAR itanga amahugurwa yo gutunganya imyanda ishobora gutunganywa hamwe n’ibikoresho byangiza byihutirwa kandi iterwa inkunga n’amafaranga n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubumenyi bw’ubuzima bushingiye ku bidukikije (NIEHS).
ALAN VEASEY ni umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda ya Workplace and Safety Safety and Health Programme ikorwa n’ikigo gishinzwe uburezi n’ubushakashatsi ku murimo (UAB / CLEAR) muri kaminuza ya Alabama i Birmingham.Afite Masters mu burezi kandi kuri ubu arimo gukurikirana Masters muri Ubuzima n’umutekano ku kazi.UAB / CLEAR itanga amahugurwa yo gutunganya imyanda ishobora gutunganywa hamwe n’ibikoresho byangiza byihutirwa kandi iterwa inkunga n’amafaranga n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubumenyi bw’ubuzima bushingiye ku bidukikije (NIEHS).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-17-2022
