Shyushya ibyuma bikozwe mubikoresho bya valve

Ubushyuhe butarwanya ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya valve Iki gipimo gisobanura ibisabwa bya tekiniki, uburyo bwikizamini, amategeko yo kubungabunga, ibimenyetso no kwemeza ubuziranenge, kwirinda ingese, gupakira no kubika ibyangombwa byangiza ubushyuhe. Uburinganire bwa geometrie nubunini bwa casting bigomba guhuza nibisabwa gushushanya. Amafaranga yo kwihanganira no gutunganya imashini agomba kuba yujuje GB / T6414 naho gutandukanya ibiro bigomba gukurikiza GB / T 11351. Imiterere y’ibyuma byerekana ibyuma bitarwanya ubushyuhe bizasobanurwa hakurikijwe GB / T 9441 na GB / T. 7216, n'ibisabwa birambuye byemeranijweho n'impande zombi. Imiterere ya matrix yubushyuhe bwa silicon irwanya fer ni ferrite. Urwego 1 Iki gipimo gisobanura ibisabwa bya tekiniki, uburyo bwikizamini, amategeko yo kubungabunga, ikimenyetso no kwemeza ubuziranenge, kwirinda ingese, gupakira no kubika ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe. Iki gipimo gikwiranye no guhimba umucanga cyangwa ubushyuhe butarwanya ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe busa nubucanga kandi bukora munsi ya 1100 ℃. 2 Amadosiye asanzwe yerekana Amagambo ari mu nyandiko zikurikira ahinduka ingingo yiki gipimo ukoresheje iki gipimo. Kumatariki yatanzwe, ibyahinduwe byose (ukuyemo erratum) cyangwa ubugororangingo ntibikurikizwa muriki gipimo. Ariko, impande zamasezerano muriki gipimo zirashishikarizwa gukora iperereza kubihari *** byinyandiko. Kubisobanuro bitazwi, verisiyo ya *** irakoreshwa muriki gipimo. 3 Ibisabwa bya tekiniki 3. Urwego hamwe nubumara bwa chimique yubushyuhe butarwanya ubushyuhe Uburyo bwo kwerekana icyuma cyihanganira ubushyuhe gihuye no gutandukanya GB / T5612, igabanijwemo amanota 11. Urwego hamwe na chimique yibyuma bitarwanya ubushyuhe byerekanwe kumeza 1. Imbonerahamwe 1. Urwego hamwe nubumara bwa chimique yubushyuhe butarwanya ubushyuhe 3.2 Ibipimo bya geometrike, amafaranga yo gutunganya no kwihanganira uburemere Uburinganire nubunini bwa casting bigomba guhuza nu ibisabwa mu gushushanya. Amafaranga yo kwihanganira ibipimo no gutunganya imashini agomba kuba yujuje GB / T6414 naho gutandukana ibiro bigomba gukurikiza GB / T 11351. 3.3 Ubwiza bw’ubuso 3.3.1 Gutera hejuru y’ubutaka bigomba guhuza no kugena GB / T6061.1, kandi amanota y'ibipimo azemeranywa n'impande zombi. 3.3.2. Abakinnyi bagomba kubahiriza ibisabwa nigishushanyo cyabaguzi, ibisabwa bya tekiniki cyangwa amasezerano yo gutumiza hagati yimpande zombi. 3.3.3 Ifishi, umubare, ingano nu mwanya w’inenge zumvikanyweho kuri casting, gusana no gusana byemeranijwe n’impande zombi. 3.4 Imikorere yubukanishi Imiterere yubukorikori bwubushyuhe bwicyumba igomba guhuza nibisobanuro biri mu mbonerahamwe ya 2, kandi imiterere yigihe gito yo hejuru yubushyuhe bwerekanwe kumugereka A 3.5 Kuvura Ubushyuhe Mubisanzwe, hakwiye gukorwa uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango bikureho imihangayiko isigaye kuri ubushyuhe bwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa silicon na aluminiyumu. Nyamara, iyo pearlite yibintu byangiza ubushyuhe bwumubyimba wa silicon urufunguzo ruri munsi ya 15%, kuvura ubushyuhe ntibishobora gukorwa. Ku bindi bicuruzwa, iyo bisabwe nuwabisabye, kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango bikureho ibibazo bisigaye bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe itegeko. Ibisabwa kugirango hakoreshwe ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe byerekanwe kumugereka B 3.6 Imiterere yicyuma Imiterere yimiterere yicyuma gihanganira ubushyuhe kizasobanurwa hakurikijwe GB / T 9441 na GB / T 7216, kandi ibisabwa birambuye bizumvikanaho n'impande zombi. Imiterere ya matrix yubushyuhe bwa silicon irwanya fer ni ferrite. 3.7 Kurwanya-okiside, ibikorwa byo kurwanya imikurire hamwe na coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe Ku bushyuhe bwa serivisi, igipimo kimwe cyo kongera ibiro bya okisideyumu y’icyuma kitarwanya ubushyuhe ntibirenza 0.5 g / m2 · h, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere nturenze 0.2%. Igikorwa cyo kurwanya okiside no kurwanya imikurire yicyuma cyihanganira ubushyuhe hamwe na coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe ntibikoreshwa nkibanze kugirango byemerwe. 3.8 Ibisabwa byihariye Niba uwasabye afite ibisabwa kugirango asuzume ibice bya magnetiki, gupima ultrasonic, kwipimisha X-ray, nibindi, uwasabye nuwabisabye agomba kuganira no gushyira mubikorwa hakurikijwe GB / T 9494, GB / T 7233 na GB / T 5677. . 4 Uburyo bwikizamini 4.1 Isesengura ryibigize imiti 4.1.1 Isesengura ryibigize imiti rishobora gukorwa nisesengura ryimiti isanzwe cyangwa ifoto ya elegitoroniki isoma spekitroscopique. 4.1.2. ya GB / T 20125. 4.1.4 Isesengura ry'ubukemurampaka rya karubone, silikoni, manganese, sulfure na fosifore mu bigize imiti ni GB / T 20123 cyangwa GB / T223.69, GB / T223.60 na GB / T Gukurikiza imipaka ya 223.58 cyangwa GB / T223.64, GB / T223.3 cyangwa GB / T223.59 cyangwa GB / T223.61, GB / T223.68; Isesengura ry'ubukemurampaka bwa Chromium, aluminium, aluminium ukurikije GB / T223.11 cyangwa GB / T223.12, GB / T223.26, GB / T223.28 gusiba irangizwa. 4 4.2.2. 4.2.3 Ubukomezi bwicyuma cyihanganira ubushyuhe bugenwa hakurikijwe GB / T231.1. 4.2.4 Ubushyuhe bwigihe gito imbaraga zingutu zicyuma cyihanganira ubushyuhe bigomba kugenwa hakurikijwe GB / T4338. 4 umurongo wa oblique muri FIG.1 niho haciwe icyitegererezo). Ubwoko B bwatoranijwe muri rusange. Guhagarika ibizamini kumugereka C birashobora kandi gukoreshwa. Imiterere nubunini bwikigereranyo cyoroshye cyo gukata ibizamini byoroshye kuri QTRA122 na HTRCr16 4.3.2 Imiterere nubunini bwintangarugero zingana zikoreshwa nubushyuhe bwicyuma cyangiza ubushyuhe hamwe nibirango bya HTRCr16 byerekanwe muri FIG.3 na Imbonerahamwe 4. 4.3.3 igomba kuzuzwa icyuma kimwe cyamazi kimwe no gutara hanyuma igasukwa nyuma yikigikorwa, kandi uburyo bwo gukonjesha bugomba kuba buhoraho bushoboka hamwe na casting. 4.3.4. 4. F. 4.6. Igice: milimetero 5 Amategeko yo kwemererwa 5.1 Ibigize icyiciro cyicyitegererezo 5.1.1 Ibikinisho byakozwe nububiko bumwe bigizwe nicyitegererezo. 5.1.2 Uburemere bwinshi bwa buri sample ni kg 2000 ya casting nyuma yo gukora isuku. Icyitegererezo cy'icyitegererezo gishobora guhinduka nkuko byemeranijweho n'impande zombi. 5.1.3 Niba uburemere bwa casting burenze kg 2000, hazashyirwaho icyiciro cyihariye cyo gutoranya. 5.1.4. gihe, bizafatwa nkicyitegererezo kimwe. 5.1.5 Iyo ubwinshi bwicyuma gishongeshejwe murwego rumwe rukomeza gushonga, ubwinshi bugereranije bwa buri cyitegererezo ntigishobora kurenza uburemere bwa casting yasutswe mumasaha 2. 5. 1.6 Iki cyiciro cyicyuma gishongeshejwe gishobora gukoreshwa nkicyitegererezo mugihe uburemere bwicyuma gishongeshejwe butarenze kg 2000. 5.1.7 Nkuko byemeranijwe n’impande zombi, ibyiciro byinshi bya casting nabyo birashobora kwakirwa mumatsinda. Muri iki gihe, hagomba kubaho ubundi buryo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge mubikorwa byokubyara umusaruro, nko gusesengura imiti yihuse yihuse, kubungabunga metallografiya, kwipimisha ku buryo budasubirwaho, kubungabunga imvune, nibindi, kandi rwose byagaragaye ko kuvura nodulation atari akajagari, bijyanye na ibisabwa. Icyitonderwa: Kubakinnyi bavuwe nubushyuhe, icyiciro cyicyitegererezo kigomba gutondekwa kimwe, keretse iyo abaterankunga batandukanye muburyo butandukanye. Muri iki kibazo, aba bakinnyi badasa cyane bagize intangarugero. 5 bujuje ibisabwa gusa iyo byujuje ibisabwa byuzuye. 5.3 Ingano yo gutoranya Ingano, geometrie hamwe nubuso bwubuso bwa mbere bwakorewe hamwe nibyingenzi byingenzi bigomba kugenzurwa kuri buri gice. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibibanza byemeranijweho nimpande zombi. 5.4 Kugenzura icyitegererezo cyubwiza bwibigaragara Imiterere yubwiza bwa casting igomba kugenzurwa mubice. 5.5 Gutoranya no kugerageza imiterere yubukanishi, metallografiya, kurwanya imikurire Imiterere yubukanishi bwicyuma cyangiza ubushyuhe bwicyuma cyubushyuhe bwicyumba kigomba kugenzurwa nitsinda. Imiterere yubukanishi bwibindi byuma birwanya ubushyuhe mubushyuhe bwicyumba kimwe nuburyo bwa metallurgjique, kurwanya okiside no kurwanya imikurire yibirango byose bizageragezwa hakurikijwe ibicuruzwa. Ibikoresho byubushyuhe bwicyumba byemewe byemewe hashingiwe ku mbaraga zingana. Niba igenzura rikomeye risabwa mbere yo gutumiza, rigomba kuba ryujuje ibisabwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 2. Kugirango harebwe niba itanura cyangwa nimero ya pake ya casting bisa nkibya inkoni yikizamini, itanura cyangwa nimero ya paki bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso kuri ubuso budahambaye hagati yicyitegererezo na casting. 5.6 Gusuzuma ibisubizo byikizamini cyibikorwa bya mashini Iyo ugenzuye imbaraga zingana, niba ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwikigereranyo cyananiwe kubahiriza ibisabwa, kandi ntibiterwa nimpamvu ziri kurutonde rwa 5.7, izindi ngero ebyiri zivuye murwego rumwe zirashobora gufatwa kubwa gusubiramo. Niba ibisubizo byo gusubiramo byujuje ibisabwa, ibikoresho by'iki cyiciro cya casting biracyujuje ibisabwa. Niba ibisubizo byongeye kugenzurwa bikananirwa kubahiriza ibisabwa, icyiciro cya casting kizacibwa mbere nkigabana ryibintu. Muri iki gihe, umwe mu bakinnyi ashobora gukurwa mu cyiciro, kandi icyitegererezo cy’umubiri gishobora kugabanywa ku mwanya wemeranijweho n’impande zombi kugira ngo bipimishe imashini. Niba ibisubizo byikizamini byujuje ibisabwa, ibikoresho byo gutora birashobora kugaragara ko byujuje ibisabwa; Niba ibisubizo byikizamini cyumubiri ntagishoboye kubahiriza ibisabwa, ** amaherezo yemeza ko ibikoresho byo guteramo iki gice bigabanijwemo ibice. 5. 7 Agaciro k'ikizamini Niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini bitujuje ibisabwa, bitatewe n'ubwiza bw'abakinnyi ubwabo, ariko kubera imwe mu mpamvu zikurikira, ikizamini nticyemewe. a) Gupakira nabi icyitegererezo kuri mashini yipimisha cyangwa imikorere idakwiye yimashini yipimisha. b) Hano hari inenge zo guhimba hejuru yicyitegererezo cyangwa gukata nabi icyitegererezo (nkubunini bwikitegererezo, kuzuza inzibacyuho, ubukana butujuje ibisabwa, nibindi). c) Ingero zingana zacitse hanze yintera isanzwe. d) Hariho inenge zikomeye zo guhimba kumeneka yikigereranyo. Mu bihe nk'ibi, icyitegererezo gishya kizakorwa kivuye mu kizamini kimwe cyangwa icyitegererezo kigasubirwamo uhereye ku cyiciro kimwe cy’ibizamini byasutswe kugira ngo bisubirwemo, kandi ibisubizo by’ibizamini bizasimbuza ibisubizo by’ikizamini kitemewe. 5.8 Gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibizamini hamwe nogusiba Keretse niba hari ibisabwa byihariye, niba abaterankunga batanzwe nkabakinnyi kandi imikorere yubukanishi bwa casting idahuye niki gipimo, uwabitanze arashobora, byemejwe na Demander, ubushyuhe bwo kuvura abaterankunga. hamwe hamwe nibizamini hanyuma hanyuma wongere ubigerageze. Niba amakarito yarakorewe ubushyuhe kandi imikorere yubukanishi igabanijwe, utanga isoko arashobora kongera gushyushya ibice hamwe nibizamini byo guterana hamwe. Kandi ongera utange kugirango wemerwe. Niba icyitegererezo cyatunganijwe kuva ubushyuhe bwakorewe ibizamini byujuje ibyangombwa, icyiciro gifatwa nkigisubirwamo ubushyuhe cyavuwe Igice cyimikorere gihuye niki gipimo. Kuvura ubushyuhe inshuro nyinshi kugirango bisubirwemo ntibishobora kurenza inshuro ebyiri. Niba nta bisabwa bisobanutse kumwanya, ingano (ingano, uburebure, convex na conave) nuburyo bwikimenyetso, uwabitanze nuwabitanze barabyemera. Ariko, ikimenyetso ntigishobora kwangiza ubuziranenge bwa casting. Nyuma yo gutora batsinze igenzura no kuyitunganya, uburyo bwo kwirinda ingese, gupakira no kubika byemeranijweho nimpande zombi. Hariho intera ihagije hagati yintangarugero zashyizwe mu itanura kugirango hamenyekane neza hagati yumwuka mw itanura nubuso bwikitegererezo. Imiyoboro ibiri yo gupima irashobora gushyirwaho kumpande zombi z'icyitegererezo, ibipimo byayo bigaragara ku gishushanyo D.2. . ku mwanya, ingano (uburebure, uburebure, convex na conave) hamwe nuburyo bwikimenyetso, impande zombi zizemeranya. Icyakora, ikimenyetso ntigishobora kwangiza ubuziranenge bwa casting kuri casting mbere yo gutanga, nibiri mu cyemezo bigomba kuba bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira: a) Izina cyangwa ikirango cyuwabitanze; b) Umubare w'igice cyangwa inomero y'amasezerano; C) Ikirangantego; d) Ibisubizo byo gufata neza; e) Umubare munini. Kwirinda ingese, gupakira no kubika 7.1 Uburyo bwo kwirinda ingese, gupakira no kubika ingwate byemeranijweho n’impande zombi nyuma yo kugenzura no kuzuza ibisabwa. 7.2 Ku bakinnyi batwarwa mu ntera ndende, impande zombi zemeranya ku gupakira no gutwara abantu hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gutwara abantu. Kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano n’ibisabwa n'amategeko n’amabwiriza Impande zombi zigomba kubahiriza kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano n’amategeko n'amabwiriza y’ibihugu bireba mu gihe cyo kubyara, kubyemera, kubika no gutwara abantu. Uburyo bwo gupima uburyo bwo gukura bwumuriro wibyuma birwanya ubu buryo Ubu buryo burashobora gukoreshwa mugupima imikurire yikura ryicyuma gitandukanye nubushyuhe mukirere giciriritse. D.1 Ibisabwa byibanze kubikoresho byo gupima hamwe nibibanza birwanya gukura D.1.1 Itanura ryikizamini cyo kurwanya imikurire ryujuje ibyangombwa bikurikira: a) Hariho igikoresho cyoguhindura ubushyuhe bwikora, cyukuri ni 5 ℃; b) Itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati ya buri ngingo muri sample yo gukwirakwiza mu itanura ntirishobora kurenga 5 ℃; c) Komeza umwuka uhagije wa okiside mu itanura. D.1.2 Hariho itandukaniro rihagije hagati yintangarugero zashyizwe mu itanura kugirango habeho imikoranire myiza hagati yumwuka mw itanura nubuso bwicyitegererezo. D.1.3 Icyitegererezo kimaze gupakirwa mu itanura, igihe ubushyuhe bwo mu itanura bugera ku bushyuhe bwagenwe bizafatwa nkintangiriro yikizamini, kandi igihe ikizamini cyagenwe kirangiye kandi itanura rihagarika gukora ( cyangwa ikuramo icyitegererezo) izafatwa nkurangiza ikizamini. D.2 Hanze y'icyitegererezo