Guhindura ibihe byigihe cyibikoresho byingirakamaro ni ngombwa kugirango imikorere ikomeze kandi ikore neza. Guhindura ibikoresho bidakwiye akenshi byongera imikorere mibi yubwato, bikavamo imikorere itandukanya idashimishije kandi ikora neza. Rimwe na rimwe, umwanya wigikoresho urashobora kandi gutera ibipimo bitari byo. Iyi ngingo isobanura uburyo imiterere yimikorere ishobora gutera urwego rwo gusoma cyangwa kutumva neza.
Inganda zakoresheje imbaraga nyinshi kugirango tunonosore igishushanyo mbonera n’ibikoresho bitandukanya na scrubber. Ariko, guhitamo no kugena ibikoresho bifitanye isano byakiriwe neza. Mubisanzwe, igikoresho cyashyizweho muburyo bwambere bwo gukora, ariko nyuma yiki gihe, ibipimo byimikorere birahinduka, cyangwa ibyongeweho byanduye biratangizwa, kalibrasi yambere ntigikwiye kandi igomba guhinduka. Nubwo isuzumabumenyi rusange murwego rwo gutoranya ibikoresho kurwego rugomba kuba rwuzuye, inzira yo gukomeza gusuzuma isuzuma ryimikorere ikorwa nimpinduka zose muburyo bukwiye bwo kwisubiramo no kuvugurura ibikoresho bifitanye isano nkuko bikenewe mugihe cyubuzima bwubwato butunganijwe Kubwibyo, uburambe yerekanye ko, ugereranije nuburyo budasanzwe bwimbere bwikintu, kunanirwa gutandukanya biterwa namakuru yibikoresho atari byinshi.
Imwe mumikorere yingenzi igenzura impinduka ni urwego rwamazi. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima urwego rwamazi harimo ibirahure byo kureba / ibipimo byerekana ibirahure hamwe na sensor zitandukanye (DP). Ikirahure cyo kureba nuburyo bwo gupima mu buryo butaziguye urwego rwamazi, kandi rushobora kugira amahitamo nkumukurikira wa rukuruzi na / cyangwa urwego rwohereza imiyoboro ihujwe nikirahure cyahinduwe. Ibipimo byurwego rukoresha ibireremba nkibikoresho nyamukuru byo gupima nabyo bifatwa nkuburyo butaziguye bwo gupima urwego rwamazi mu cyombo. Sensor ya DP nuburyo butaziguye gusoma kurwego rushingiye kumuvuduko wa hydrostatike ukoreshwa na fluid kandi bisaba ubumenyi nyabwo bwubucucike bwamazi.
Iboneza ryibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru bisaba gukoresha ikoreshwa rya flange nozzle ebyiri kuri buri gikoresho, nozzle yo hejuru na nozzle yo hepfo. Kugirango ugere ku bipimo bisabwa, umwanya wa nozzle ni ngombwa. Igishushanyo kigomba kwemeza ko nozzle ihora ihura namazi akwiye, nkamazi namavuta yicyiciro cya interineti hamwe namavuta hamwe na parike kurwego rwamazi menshi.
Ibiranga amazi mubihe byukuri bikora birashobora kuba bitandukanye nibiranga amazi akoreshwa mugusubiramo, bikavamo gusoma nabi. Mubyongeyeho, aho urwego rupima rushobora nanone gutera ibinyoma cyangwa kutumva neza urwego rwo gusoma. Iyi ngingo itanga ingero zimwe zamasomo yize mugukemura ibibazo bijyanye nibikoresho bitandukanya.
Ubuhanga bwinshi bwo gupima busaba gukoresha ibimenyetso byukuri kandi byizewe byamazi apimwa kugirango ahindure igikoresho. Ibisobanuro bifatika hamwe nibisabwa byamazi (emuliyoni, amavuta, namazi) muribikoresho ni ingenzi mubunyangamugayo no kwizerwa muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gupima. Kubwibyo, niba kalibrasi yibikoresho bifitanye isano igomba kurangizwa neza kugirango irusheho gukosorwa no kugabanya gutandukana kurwego rwo gusoma, ni ngombwa cyane gusuzuma neza ibisobanuro byamazi yatunganijwe. Kubwibyo, kugirango wirinde gutandukana kwose murwego rwo gusoma, amakuru yizewe agomba kuboneka muguhitamo buri gihe no gusesengura amazi yapimwe, harimo no gutoranya ibintu bivuye muri kontineri.
Hindura hamwe nigihe. Imiterere yibikorwa byamazi ni uruvange rwamavuta, amazi na gaze. Amazi yatunganijwe arashobora kugira uburemere butandukanye mubyiciro bitandukanye; ni ukuvuga, injira mu cyombo nk'uruvange rw'amazi cyangwa amazi ya emulisile, ariko usige icyombo nk'icyiciro cyihariye. Mubyongeyeho, mubikorwa byinshi byo murwego, amazi yatunganijwe ava mubigega bitandukanye, buri kimwe gifite imiterere itandukanye. Ibi bizavamo kuvanga ubucucike butandukanye butunganywa binyuze mubitandukanya. Kubwibyo, guhinduka guhoraho kwimiterere yibintu bizagira ingaruka kumpamvu yo gupima urwego rwamazi muri kontineri. Nubwo intera yamakosa idashobora kuba ihagije kugirango igire ingaruka kumikorere yubwato, bizagira ingaruka kubikorwa byo gutandukana no gukora kubikoresho byose. Ukurikije imiterere yo gutandukana, impinduka yubucucike bwa 5-15% irashobora kuba ibisanzwe. Iyo igikoresho cyegereye umuyoboro winjira, niko gutandukana cyane, biterwa na kamere ya emulsiya hafi yinjirira muri kontineri.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, uko imyunyu y’amazi ihinduka, igipimo cyurwego nacyo kizagira ingaruka. Ku bijyanye n’umusaruro w’amavuta, imyunyu y’amazi izahinduka bitewe nimpamvu zitandukanye nkimpinduka zamazi yo gukora cyangwa iterambere ryamazi yo mu nyanja yatewe. Mu mirima myinshi ya peteroli, ihinduka ryumunyu rishobora kuba munsi ya 10-20%, ariko hamwe na hamwe, impinduka zishobora kuba hejuru ya 50%, cyane cyane muri sisitemu ya gaze ya kondensate hamwe na sisitemu y’ibigega byumunyu. Izi mpinduka zirashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubwizerwa bwo gupima urwego; kubwibyo rero, kuvugurura chimie yamazi (amavuta, kondensate, namazi) nibyingenzi kugirango ibungabunge ibikoresho.
Ukoresheje amakuru yakuwe mubikorwa byo kwigana no gusesengura ibintu hamwe nigihe cyo gutoranya, ibipimo bya metero ya kalibrasi nabyo birashobora kuzamurwa. Muri théorie, ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza kandi ubu bukoreshwa nk'imyitozo isanzwe. Ariko, kugirango igikoresho gikomeze kugihe neza, amakuru yisesengura ryamazi agomba kuvugururwa buri gihe kugirango hirindwe amakosa ashobora guterwa nuburyo imikorere ikora, ibirimo amazi, kwiyongera kwa peteroli n’ikirere, no guhinduka mubiranga amazi.
Icyitonderwa: Kubungabunga bisanzwe kandi bikwiye niyo shingiro ryo kubona amakuru yizewe. Ibipimo ninshuro zo kubungabunga biterwa ahanini nibikorwa bijyanye no gukumira no gukora buri munsi. Rimwe na rimwe, iyo bibaye ngombwa, gutandukana mubikorwa byateganijwe bigomba guhindurwa ukundi.
Icyitonderwa: Usibye gukoresha ibiranga amazi bigezweho kugirango uhindure metero rimwe na rimwe, gusa algorithms cyangwa ibikoresho byubwenge byubwenge birashobora gukoreshwa mugukosora ihindagurika rya buri munsi ryamazi yatunganijwe kugirango harebwe ihindagurika ryimikorere mugihe cyamasaha 24.
Icyitonderwa: Gukurikirana amakuru hamwe nisesengura rya laboratoire yumusaruro wibyakozwe bizafasha gusobanukirwa nibishobora kuba bidasanzwe mubisomwa byurwego rwatewe na emulisiyo yamavuta mumazi.
Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye byinjira hamwe nibice byimbere, ubunararibonye bwerekanye ko kwinjiza gazi no kubyimba kwinjirira abitandukanya (cyane cyane gazi ya veritike ya kondensate itandukanya na scrubbers) bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubisomwa kurwego rwamazi, kandi bishobora gutuma habaho igenzura ribi kandi ryakozwe . Kugabanuka k'ubucucike bwicyiciro cyamazi bitewe nibirimo gaze bivamo urwego ruke rwamazi, rushobora gutuma umuntu yinjira mumazi mugice cya gaze kandi bikagira ingaruka kumashanyarazi.
Nubwo kwinjiza gaze no kubira ifuro byabayeho muri sisitemu ya peteroli na gaze / kondensate, igikoresho kirahindurwa bitewe nihindagurika ryubucucike bwamavuta ya kondensate yatewe na gaze yatatanye kandi yashonze mugice cya kondensate mugihe cyo kwinjiza gaze cyangwa gaze- ku buryo. Ikosa rizaba hejuru ya sisitemu ya peteroli.
Urwego rupima mubice byinshi bihagaritse scrubbers hamwe nabatandukanya birashobora kugorana kubitondekanya neza kuko hariho amazi menshi hamwe na kondensate mugice cyamazi, kandi mubihe byinshi, ibyiciro byombi bifite aho bihurira nibisanzwe cyangwa umurongo w’amazi birenze urugero kubera ubukene gutandukanya amazi. Kubwibyo, hariho guhindagurika guhoraho mubikorwa byinshi. Mugihe cyo gukora, icyiciro cyo hasi (cyane cyane amazi) kizasohoka, hasigare hejuru ya kondensate hejuru, bityo ubwinshi bwamazi buratandukanye, bizatera igipimo cyurwego rwamazi guhinduka hamwe nihinduka ryikigereranyo cyuburebure bwamazi. Ihindagurika rirashobora kuba ingenzi mubikoresho bito, ibyago byo gutakaza urwego rwiza rwo gukora, kandi mubihe byinshi, bikora neza uwamanutse (umanuka wa moteri ya aerosol akoreshwa mugusohora amazi) Ikimenyetso gisabwa cyamazi.
Urwego rwamazi rugenwa no gupima itandukaniro ryubucucike hagati yamazi yombi muburyo buringaniye mubitandukanya. Nyamara, itandukaniro ryimbere ryimbere rishobora gutera impinduka murwego rwapimwe rwamazi, bityo bigatanga urwego rutandukanye rwamazi bitewe nigabanuka ryumuvuduko. Kurugero, ihinduka ryumuvuduko uri hagati ya 100 na 500 mbar (1.45 kugeza 7.25 psi) hagati yibice bya kontineri kubera kurengerwa kwa baffle cyangwa coescing padi bizatera igihombo cyurwego rumwe rwamazi, bikavamo urwego rwimbere mubitandukanya The gupima biratakaye, bivamo igipimo cya horizontal; ni ukuvuga, urwego rwukuri rwamazi kuruhande rwimbere yubwato munsi yumwanya washyizweho nu mpera yinyuma yabatandukanije mumwanya wagenwe. Mubyongeyeho, niba hari intera runaka hagati yurwego rwamazi na nozzle yo hejuru yurwego rwo hejuru rwamazi, inkingi ya gaze ishobora kuvamo irashobora gutera amakosa yo gupima urwego rwamazi ahari ifuro.
Hatitawe ku miterere yubwato butunganijwe, ikibazo rusange gishobora gutera gutandukana mugupima urwego rwamazi ni kondegene. Iyo umuyoboro wibikoresho hamwe numubiri wa kontineri bimaze gukonja, igabanuka ryubushyuhe rishobora gutuma gaze itanga amazi mumiyoboro yicyuma igabanuka, bigatuma gusoma urwego rwamazi bitandukana nuburyo nyabwo muri kontineri. Iyi phenomenon ntabwo yihariye ibidukikije bikonje. Bibaho mubutayu aho ubushyuhe bwo hanze nijoro buri munsi yubushyuhe bwibikorwa.
Gukurikirana ubushyuhe bwo gupima ni inzira isanzwe yo gukumira kondegene; icyakora, imiterere yubushyuhe irakomeye kuko ishobora gutera ikibazo igerageza gukemura. Mugushiraho ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, ibice byinshi bihindagurika bishobora guhinduka, bigatuma ubwinshi bwamazi bwiyongera. Urebye kubungabunga, gushakisha ubushyuhe nabyo birashobora kuba ikibazo kuko byangiritse byoroshye. Ihitamo rihendutse ni insulasiyo (insulasiyo) yigikoresho cyigikoresho, gishobora kugumana neza ubushyuhe bwibikorwa hamwe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwo hanze kurwego runaka mubisabwa byinshi. Twabibutsa ko duhereye kubitunganya, gutinda k'umuyoboro wibikoresho nabyo bishobora kuba ikibazo.
Icyitonderwa: Intambwe yo kubungabunga ikunze kwirengagizwa ni uguhindura igikoresho. Ukurikije serivisi, ibikorwa nkibi byo gukosora birashobora gusabwa buri cyumweru cyangwa na buri munsi, bitewe nuburyo imikorere ikora.
Hariho ibintu byinshi byemeza ibintu bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubikoresho byo gupima urwego. ibi byose ni:
Icyitonderwa: Mugushushanya icyiciro cyo gutandukanya, mugihe uhisemo igikoresho gikwiye kandi mugihe igipimo cyurwego kidasanzwe, ikibazo cyubwishingizi bwikigereranyo gikwiye gusuzumwa.
Ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kubucucike bwamazi hafi ya nozzle yurwego rwohereza. Impinduka zaho mubitutu nubushyuhe bizagira ingaruka kumazi, bityo bigira ingaruka kumurongo wasomye no guhagarara kwa sisitemu yose.
Impinduka zaho mubucucike bwamazi no guhinduka kwa emulioni byagaragaye mubitandukanya, aho aho isohokera ryumuyoboro wamanutse / imiyoboro ya demister iherereye hafi ya nozzle ya transmitter yohereza amazi. Amazi yafashwe nuwakuyeho ibicu avanga namazi menshi, bigatera impinduka zaho mubucucike. Imihindagurikire yubucucike ikunze kugaragara mumazi make. Ibi birashobora kuvamo guhindagurika guhoraho mumavuta cyangwa gupima urwego rwa kondensate, ibyo nabyo bigira ingaruka kumikorere yubwato no kugenzura ibikoresho byo hepfo.
Icyitonderwa: Nozzle ya transmitter yohereza amazi ntigomba kuba hafi yisohoka ryamanutse kuko hari ibyago byo gutera impinduka zigihe gito, bizagira ingaruka kubipimo byamazi.
Urugero rwerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2 ni urwego rusanzwe rwo gupima imiyoboro, ariko irashobora gutera ibibazo. Iyo hari ikibazo mumurima, isubiramo ryamakuru yohereza urwego rwamazi yanzura avuga ko urwego rwamazi rwatakaye kubera gutandukana nabi. Ariko, ikigaragara ni uko uko amazi menshi yatandukanijwe, urwego rwo kugenzura urwego rwo gusohoka rugenda rufungura buhoro buhoro, bigatera ingaruka za Venturi hafi ya nozzle munsi ya transmitter yo ku rwego, itarenza m 0,5 (20 muri.) Uhereye kurwego rwamazi. Amazi y'amazi. Ibi bitera umuvuduko wimbere, utera urwego rwimbere rwo gusoma muri transmitter kuba munsi yurwego rwisomwa muri kontineri.
Ibisa nkibi byagaragaye no muri scrubber aho isohokera ya nozzle iherereye hafi ya nozzle munsi ya transmitter.
Umwanya rusange wa nozzles uzagira ingaruka no kumikorere ikwiye, ni ukuvuga, nozzles kumazu uhagaritse gutandukanya amazu biragoye guhagarika cyangwa gufunga kuruta imitwe iherereye mumutwe wo hepfo wuwitandukanya. Igitekerezo gisa nacyo kireba ibintu bitambitse, aho hepfo ya nozzle, ni hafi yegereye ikintu cyose gikemuka, bigatuma bishoboka cyane ko gifunga. Izi ngingo zigomba gusuzumwa mugihe cyo gushushanya ubwato.
Icyitonderwa: Uruziga rwohereza urwego rwamazi ntirugomba kuba hafi ya nozzle yinjira, amazi cyangwa gaze isohoka, kubera ko hari ibyago byo kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'imbere, bizagira ingaruka ku gupima urwego rw'amazi.
Imiterere itandukanye yimbere muri kontineri igira ingaruka kubitandukanya byamazi muburyo butandukanye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3, harimo niterambere rishobora kuba ryurwego rwamazi rwamazi rwatewe na baffle yuzuye, bigatuma umuvuduko ugabanuka. Iyi phenomenon yagaragaye inshuro nyinshi mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo no gukora ubushakashatsi bwo gusuzuma.
Ubusanzwe ibice byinshi byashyizwe mubikoresho biri imbere yabatandukanije, kandi biroroshye kurohama kubera ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza imigezi mugice cyinjira. Kurengerwa noneho bitera umuvuduko ukabije hejuru yubwato, bigakora urwego ruringaniza. Ibi bivamo urwego rwo hasi rwamazi imbere yikintu, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3. Nyamara, mugihe urwego rwamazi rugenzurwa na metero yurwego rwamazi inyuma yikintu, gutandukana bizabaho mubipimo byakozwe. Urwego rwa gradient rushobora kandi gutera imiterere mibi yo gutandukana mubyombo bitunganijwe kuko urwego rwurwego rutakaza byibuze 50% byamazi. Byongeye kandi, birashoboka ko agace kihuta kihuta katewe nigabanuka ryumuvuduko bizatanga agace kazenguruka biganisha ku gutakaza ingano yo gutandukana.
Ibintu nkibi birashobora kugaragara mubihingwa bireremba hejuru, nka FPSO, aho udukariso twinshi dukoreshwa mubwato butunganya kugirango amazi atembera neza.
Byongeye kandi, kwinjiza gaze cyane muri kontineri itambitse, mubihe bimwe na bimwe, kubera ikwirakwizwa rya gaze nkeya, bizatanga urwego rwo hejuru rwamazi kurwego rwimbere. Ibi kandi bizagira ingaruka mbi kugenzura urwego kumpera yinyuma yikintu, bikavamo gutandukana kubipimo, bikavamo imikorere mibi ya kontineri.
Icyitonderwa: Urwego rwa gradient muburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho bitunganijwe ni ibintu bifatika, kandi iki kibazo kigomba kugabanywa kuko bizatuma imikorere yo gutandukana igabanuka. Kunoza imiterere yimbere yikintu kandi ugabanye urujijo rudakenewe hamwe na / cyangwa isahani isobekeranye, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gukora no kubimenya, kugirango wirinde ibibazo byurwego rwamazi muri kontineri.
Iyi ngingo iraganira ku bintu byinshi byingenzi bigira ingaruka ku gupima urwego rwamazi. Urwego rwo gusoma cyangwa kutumva nabi urwego rushobora gutera imikorere mibi yubwato. Hari ibyifuzo byatanzwe kugirango bifashe kwirinda ibyo bibazo. Nubwo uru atari urutonde rwuzuye, rufasha kumva ibibazo bimwe bishobora kuvuka, bityo bigafasha itsinda ryibikorwa gusobanukirwa nibishobora gupimwa nibibazo byimikorere.
Niba bishoboka, shiraho imyitozo myiza ishingiye kumasomo wize. Ariko, nta nganda zihariye zishobora gukoreshwa muriki gice. Kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zijyanye no gutandukana no gupima ibintu bidasanzwe, ingingo zikurikira zigomba gutekerezwaho mugushushanya no mubikorwa bizaza.
Ndashaka gushimira Christopher Kalli (umwarimu wungirije muri kaminuza y’iburengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya i Perth, Ositaraliya, Chevron / BP uri mu kiruhuko cyiza); Lawrence Coughlan (Umujyanama wa Lol Co Ltd. Ndashaka kandi gushimira abagize komite ishinzwe tekinike ya tekinike ya SPE itandukanya itangazwa ryiki kiganiro. Ndashimira byimazeyo abanyamuryango basuzumye impapuro mbere yikibazo cya nyuma.
Wally Georgie afite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 4 mubikorwa bya peteroli na gaze, cyane cyane mubikorwa bya peteroli na gaze, gutunganya, gutandukana, gutunganya amazi nubusugire bwa sisitemu, gukemura ibibazo, gukuraho inzitizi, gutandukanya amavuta / amazi, kwemeza inzira, na tekiniki ubuhanga Gusuzuma imyitozo, kugenzura ruswa, kugenzura sisitemu, gutera amazi no kongera uburyo bwo gutunganya amavuta, hamwe nibindi bibazo byose byo gutunganya amazi na gaze, harimo umucanga n’umusaruro ukomeye, chimie y’umusaruro, ubwishingizi bw’amazi, hamwe n’imicungire y’ubunyangamugayo muri gahunda yo kuvura.
Kuva mu 1979 kugeza 1987, yabanje gukora mu rwego rwa serivisi muri Amerika, Ubwongereza, mu bice bitandukanye by'Uburayi no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati. Nyuma yaho, yakoraga muri Statoil (Equinor) muri Noruveje kuva 1987 kugeza 1999, yibanda ku bikorwa bya buri munsi, guteza imbere imishinga mishya ya peteroli ijyanye n’ibibazo byo gutandukanya amavuta n’amazi, uburyo bwo gutunganya gaze no gutunganya umwuma, kubyara imicungire y’amazi no gukemura ibibazo bikomeye by’umusaruro Kandi sisitemu yo kubyaza umusaruro. Kuva muri Werurwe 1999, akora nk'umujyanama wigenga mu bicuruzwa bya peteroli na gaze ku isi. Byongeye kandi, Georgie yabaye umutangabuhamya w’inzobere mu manza za peteroli na gaze mu Bwongereza na Ositaraliya. Yabaye Umwarimu wihariye wa SPE kuva 2016 kugeza 2017.
Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. Umuyobozi w'ikoranabuhanga rya Polymer, kaminuza ya Loughborough, mu Bwongereza. Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga bw’umutekano yakuye muri kaminuza ya Aberdeen, muri otcosse, na PhD mu ikoranabuhanga ry’imiti yakuye muri kaminuza ya Strathclyde, i Glasgow, muri otcosse. Urashobora kumwandikira kuri wgeorgie@maxoilconsultancy.com.
Ku ya 9 Kamena, Georgie yakiriye urubuga rwa interineti “Gutandukanya ibishushanyo mbonera n'ibikorwa n'ingaruka zabyo ku mikorere ya sisitemu y'amazi yakozwe mu nyanja no ku nyanja”. Kuboneka kubisabwa hano (kubuntu kubanyamuryango ba SPE).
Ikinyamakuru cy’ikoranabuhanga rya peteroli nicyo kinyamakuru cyamamaye cy’umuryango w’abashoramari ba peteroli, gitanga ibisobanuro byemewe n’insanganyamatsiko zijyanye no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ubushakashatsi n’umusaruro, ibibazo bya peteroli na gaze, namakuru yerekeye SPE n’abanyamuryango bayo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-17-2021
