Plasma arc gutwika uburyo bwo kugaragara ibikoresho bibisi byo gutunganya amarembo

Uburyo bwa plasma arc bwo gutwika uburyo bwo kugaragara hejuru yibikoresho byo gutunganya amarembo yo guhimba, guhimba, guhimba ibyuma byavuzwe gusa bikoreshwa cyane muguhimba ibyuma byuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma byo guhimba bivuga guhitamo uburyo bwo guhimba kandi bikozwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo guhimba no guta. ibice by'ibyuma. Ugereranije ubuziranenge bwibyuma byahimbwe ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma ni byinshi, birashobora kwihanganira ingaruka zingaruka, plastike, ubukana nibindi bintu bimwe na bimwe biranga umubiri birarenze ibyuma bidafite ingese, kuburyo igihe cyose ibice bimwe byimashini bigomba gukoreshwa mubyuma mpimbano , ibyuma mpimbano bikoreshwa mubisanzwe byumuvuduko mwinshi. Hamwe nuburyo bworoshye, bubereye ibikorwa byumuvuduko mwinshi. Guhimba nikimwe mubice bibiri bigize casting. Ibice byingenzi bifite umutwaro mwinshi hamwe nuburyo bugoye bwo gukora mubikoresho byubukanishi ahanini ni ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma, byoroshye kandi birashobora kuba imbeho ikonje, usibye ibyapa bya aluminium. Kuzunguruka umwobo hamwe no guta ibyuma byububiko byibyuma birashobora kuvaho muguhimba. Guhitamo neza kugenzura ibicuruzwa kugirango uzamure ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, kugenzura ibiciro bifite isano ikomeye. Ibikoresho nyamukuru byo guhimba ni ibyuma bya karubone, icyuma kidafite ingese nicyuma cya karubone. Ikigereranyo cyo guhimba bivuga ikigereranyo cyubuso bwambukiranya igice cyibikoresho byicyuma mbere yo guhindurwa nu gice kimeneka nyuma yo guhindurwa. Imiterere yumwimerere yibikoresho birimo guteramo, inkoni zizengurutse, imiterere yibikoresho byo kwibuka hamwe nifu yicyuma. Imiterere yumubiri wibyuma muri rusange nibyiza kuruta ibikoresho bimwe bibisi. Guhimba bikozwe mugukanda urusoro rwicyuma hamwe nibikoresho byo guhimba, kugirango imiterere ya urusoro ruvanze rushobora guhinduka kugirango ubone tekinoroji yo gutunganya ifite imiterere yihariye hamwe nibintu byiza bifatika. Guhimba ibyuma byubaka ibyuma byubaka tekinoroji: ubuziranenge bwumubiri nibiranga bigira ingaruka kumibereho ya serivise yimikorere ya irembo nibikorwa byumutekano. Kubwibyo, umubiri wahimbwe ugomba gukoreshwa hashingiwe ku bidukikije bikora nabi cyangwa umutekano muke wa valve. Kuri DN50 guhagarika valve, guhagarika valve, kugenzura valve, nibindi, ibyinshi murugo bikoresha uburyo bwo guhimba muri rusange nyuma yo gusudira kumpande zombi za flange, hari nababikora bahuza flange guhuriza hamwe. Ariko kuri santimetero 2 hejuru yumubiri muto wa Calibre valve, kubera kubura forge isabwa nibikoresho byimashini ziremereye cyane ziremereye, zishaka kugera ku nganda zinganda nini nini muri rusange hari ingorane runaka. Kubwibyo, abahinguzi benshi bava mubitumizwa mu mahanga binini kandi biciriritse bingana na valve umubiri, cyangwa hamwe namasosiyete amwe mubindi bihugu kugirango batezimbere ikoreshwa ryibice byumubiri wa valve. Taichenson yasangije uburyo bushya bwikoranabuhanga bwo gukata kogosha umubiri wa valve nini nini nini nini nini ya forode. Mu kwifashisha ibyiza byayo byo kurengera ibidukikije, kuzigama ingufu no kuzigama abakozi, nk’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku ikoranabuhanga ry’umubiri wa valve, habonetse icyerekezo cy’ikoranabuhanga cyo kogoshesha umubiri wa valve. Inzira yose yo kogosha - gusohora ibintu bigomba gufata imiterere yimisatsi nkibikorwa nyamukuru byo gutunganya ibyuma bya plastiki. Uburyo bwibanze bwububiko buranga ikoranabuhanga ni uko imbaraga zikoreshwa zishobora kugabanuka. Na none, igabanya cyane umubare wa toni yimashini ikenewe muburyo bwose bwo gukora. FIG. l yerekana ihame shingiro ryumukasi-gukuramo ibice byamashami nibice. Umurongo wa diagonal ku gishushanyo werekana agace kogosha muri shear - uburyo bwo gusohora ibintu. Ntabwo itanga gusa imisemburo minini ikikije umurongo wa oblique. Ibisigaye bya trichoderm yose itanga umusaruro ugereranije ugereranije. Bitewe n'urushinge. Icyuma mugice cyo hagati yimigozi ibiri yimyenda itembera mumyanya ihanamye yigikoresho cyo gusya muburyo busa, kandi ikibanza kirakorwa. Kumubiri waciwe na valve hamwe nuduce tubiri twerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2. Nugukata ibishishwa bikora ishami ryurwego rwo hejuru hanyuma ugashiraho ishami ryo hepfo, ishami ryishami 2 rishobora no gukorwa muburyo bwo gukubita inshinge. Mbere yumubiri wa valve kugirango ukore ubushakashatsi bwa siyanse yumusaruro wa sciss-extrusion hamwe nigeragezwa ryibikorwa, gutoranya bwa mbere t / 3 metero yigice cyo kugabanuka kugirango ukore ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi yigana umubiri, ubone urutonde rwibikorwa bya kasi. -gushiraho ibice, kugirango utegure ibipimo nyamukuru byumusaruro nigikorwa cyo gukora. Fata nk'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya umubiri wa DN100 waciwe na valve umubiri nkurugero, ukurikije ubushakashatsi bwa siyanse bwibizamini byo gukora. Igipimo cyibikorwa bya DNlOOmm yaciwe na valve umubiri hamwe nibikoresho 20 byo gukuramo ibyuma byabonetse kuburyo bukurikira: ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya intangangore yimisatsi ni 1200 ℃, naho ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya ibikoresho byo gusya ni 100 ~ 300 "C. igishushanyo mbonera cyamazi cyatoranijwe nkamavuta. Urushinge rwo gukubita rwarafashwe, kandi urushinge rwo gukubita ni ~ '108mm l. Imiterere yumubiri muguhimba nka. Ukurikije ibipimo nyamukuru byakazi byimashini ikubita hamwe nihame ryo gukata - uburyo bwo gukuramo ibikoresho, hashyizweho ibikoresho byo gusya. Mbere yubushakashatsi, ingano yingufu zisabwa zibarwa kubisubizo byikigereranyo, ibisobanuro byibyuma hamwe nubukanishi bwibyuma. Nyuma yo kubara no kubara, imashini yo gukubita 1O00t irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa Qi. Gukora ibihimbano bya diameter ntoya yaciwe na valve bigaragarira mubikoresho binini, bito n'ibiciriritse, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko inzira yo gutema no gukuramo ibicuruzwa ifite ibiranga kurengera ibidukikije, kuzigama ingufu no kuzigama abakozi. Ufite ubushobozi bwo guhimba muri rusange ibikoresho binini kandi biciriritse byaciwe na valve mubikoresho byubu mubushinwa. Byongeye. Guhimba no gukora imiyoboro yicyayi nibindi bice binini kandi biciriritse bingana bishobora kwigwa mubuhanga nubuhanga bwo kogosha no gukanda. Guhimba birashobora kugabanywamo: (1) gufunga gufunga (guhimba kubuntu). Irashobora kugabanwa muburyo bwo guhimba kubusa, kuzunguruka kuzunguruka, gukuramo ubukonje, gusohora, nibindi, urusoro ruvanze rushyirwa mubihimbano bipfa gupfa hamwe nuburyo runaka bwo guhatira guhindura no kubona ibyuma. Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwa deformasiyo, irashobora kugabanywamo ubukonje bukonje (ubushyuhe bwo guhimba nubushyuhe busanzwe), guhimba ubushyuhe (ubushyuhe bwo guhimba buri munsi yubushyuhe bwa reystallisation yicyuma cya urusoro) hamwe no guhimba bishyushye (ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burenze ubushyuhe bwa rerystallisation) . (2) fungura impimbano (guhimba kubuntu). Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo guhimba intoki no guhimba imashini. Urusoro ruvanze rushyirwa hagati ya anvil ebyiri (icyuma) kandi imbaraga zingaruka cyangwa umutwaro bikoreshwa muguteza isoro rya emboro kugirango ubone ibyuma. Kugereranya ibyuma byahimbwe nibyuma: Ibyuma byuma bikoreshwa mugutera ibyuma mubice. Ubwoko bwa casting. Gukora ibyuma bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu: ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bihanitse cyane hamwe nicyuma kidasanzwe. Gukora ibyuma ni ubwoko bwibyuma bikozwe muburyo bwo gutara. Ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora ibice bimwe bigoye kugaragara, bigoye guhimbwa cyangwa gusya kandi bisaba imbaraga nyinshi na plastike. Ingaruka zo guta ibyuma ni uko ugereranije nicyuma gihimbano, ibibi byumucanga ni binini, kandi uburyo bukaba butambitse, kandi imbaraga zo guhonyora ntabwo ari nziza nkibyuma byahimbwe. Kubwibyo, ibyuma byahimbwe byifashishwa mubisanzwe bigira uruhare runini mubice byingenzi byumuyoboro munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe bukabije. Guhimba, guhimba, guhimba ibyuma byogutezimbere tekinoroji ya tekinoroji: birakenewe gukoresha umutwe wa kwaguka **, kugeza kumarembo yumuryango nyuma yo kwishyiriraho umuyoboro wumutekano (umuyoboro wumutekano aperture size kwihanganira kugenzura neza) nkibisobanuro byerekana, impande zombi kwaguka icyarimwe. Ibyuma byahimbwe byumubiri imbaraga zisubiramo imbaraga zirenze umuvuduko mwinshi wamarembo yingufu zisubiramo imbaraga, umwobo wumubiri wumubiri wiziritse neza wumuvuduko mwinshi wamarembo, nta cyuho, imiterere yuzuye. Kubwibyo, umutwaro wa axial ugomba kugenzurwa cyane. Iyo umuvuduko mwinshi w irembo ryumuvuduko ukanda kumubiri wa valve, umwobo wumubiri wa valve ugomba guhinduka mumipaka ya elastique, kugirango harebwe ko nyuma yingufu zo kwaguka zashize, umwobo wumubiri wa valve inyuma ya elastique, wuzuze umuvuduko mwinshi w irembo rya valve inyuma ya elastique, kugirango bafatanye, kugirango bagabanye umutwaro munini cyane. Kugirango wirinde kwishyiriraho bikabije guhangayikishwa nubutaka, imbaraga zibyuma byahimbwe ibyuma byumuvuduko mwinshi irembo rya valve umurizo ibikoresho ntabwo byoroshye kurwego rwo hejuru, plastike nziza nimbaraga nke, no kugenzura imitwaro yo kwishyiriraho. Muri icyo gihe, kugirango tumenye neza ko umuvuduko mwinshi w irembo ryumuvuduko ukwirakwizwa nyuma yingufu zidasubirwaho, hagomba kubaho offset ihagije, kugirango uburebure bw irembo ryumuvuduko mwinshi umurizo uburebure bwikigero kitarenze inshuro ebyiri z'ubugari. Hitamo "nyuma yo gupakira imashini" tekinoroji yo gutunganya, irashobora kwemeza ubuziranenge, guhimba ibyuma bya valve ibyuma byumuvuduko mwinshi w irembo rya valve umusaruro no gutunganya biroroshye, kunoza imikorere yimashini ipakira. Uburyo bwa plasma arc bwo gutwika ibikoresho fatizo byubuhanga bwo gutunganya amarembo ya valve mumunwa ugaburira plasma igaragara, ifu ikorerwa ubushyuhe buhagije, ariko ntibigabanye kumenagura ifu, kugirango hashobore kuboneka umuvuduko mwinshi wo gushonga. Ingaruka nyamukuru yo kugaburira ifu mu kanwa ni uko aluminiyumu yashongeshejwe ifata umunwa. Amavuta ya aluminiyumu yometse ku rukuta rw'akanwa cyangwa mu gusohoka no gusohoka kugeza ku mubare runaka wo kugwa muri pisine ikemura, bikavamo gushonga ibitonyanga, bikomeye cyane iyo uhagaritse umwobo. Kugirango wirinde ibintu byavuzwe haruguru, tungsten pole nu mwobo wa nozzle bigomba kugira coaxiality nyinshi kugirango ifu yivanze yoherejwe neza bivuye muri nozzle. Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko wa gazi yifu igomba kuba ikwiye, ntabwo itera umuvuduko ukabije. . Kubishobora kwifata-ifu ya porojeri igaragara, kubera ifu yo hejuru yo gushonga ya poweri, ingaruka za arc zitimuka ntizigaragara: mugihe hagaragaye ifu nziza ifite aho ihurira cyane, ingaruka za arc zitimuka ziragaragara. Gusudira kugaragara kubice bito kandi bito ahanini bifata plasma arc. . . gushonga. Nubwo ubu bushyuhe bwa arc butatanye, burashobora gukomeza umwihariko uhagije. Plasma arc hamwe nubu buryo ikoreshwa mugukoresha imigendekere yimikorere ya ion arc nziza. Niba umuvuduko uriho wiyongera, gukuraho nozzle birakomeye, ariko iterambere ryogukwirakwiza amazi akonje, ibi birashobora kunozwa. Uburyo bwa plasma arc bukoreshwa gake mubushinwa. (2) Uburyo bwo gutanga ifu Kugeza ubu, hakoreshejwe uburyo bubiri bwo gutanga ifu: gutanga ifu imbere mumunwa no gutanga ifu hanze yumunwa. Muri nozzle igaburira plasma igaragara, ifu ikorerwa ubushyuhe buhagije, ariko kandi kugirango igabanye ifu, irashobora kubona umuvuduko mwinshi wo gushonga. Ingaruka nyamukuru yo kohereza ifu mumunwa nuko aluminiyumu yashongeshejwe ifata kumunwa. Amavuta ya aluminiyumu yometse ku rukuta rw'akanwa cyangwa mu gusohoka no gusohoka kugeza ku mubare runaka wo kugwa muri pisine ikemura, bikavamo gushonga ibitonyanga, bikomeye cyane iyo uhagaritse umwobo. Kugirango wirinde ibintu byavuzwe haruguru, tungsten pole nu mwobo wa nozzle bigomba kugira coaxiality nyinshi kugirango ifu yivanze yoherejwe neza bivuye muri nozzle. Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko wa gazi yifu igomba kuba ikwiye, ntabwo itera umuvuduko ukabije. Muri plasma ya nozzle igaragara, ifu ya alloy ntabwo yoherejwe muri plasma arc hanze ya nozzle, ikemura neza ikibazo cyo gutonyanga no guhagarika nozzle. Ubujyakuzimu munsi yuburinganire busa ni buto kuruta ifu yo kugaburira umunwa, ibi ni ukubera ko iyo ifu yo kugaburira umunwa, ifu ya cyclone muri nozzle yashyutswe cyane, hanyuma igahita yerekeza kuri pisine ikemura, bikavamo imbaraga nini ziyongera. : kandi iyo umunwa ugaburira ifu, izindi mbaraga zo guhumeka ziterwa na gaze ya poro iragabanuka. Ingaruka nyamukuru zo kohereza ifu hanze yumunwa ni urwego runini rwo gukwirakwiza ifu nigipimo gito cya aluminiyumu. . Hydrogen plasma arc ifite amashanyarazi make, yaka umuriro, tungsten electrode ntoya hamwe no gukuraho nozzle. Bimwe mubisabwa mumahanga ni 70% hydrogène na 30% helium nka gaze cyangwa gazi ya poro, ibyo bigatuma voltage ikora ya plasma arc izamuka, bityo ikagira ingufu nyinshi nubushobozi bwo gukora. Azote nayo ikora neza nka gaze ikingira, ariko ni gake kandi ihenze. Hashingiwe ku kwemeza umwihariko uhagije no guhuza plasma arc yohereza ifu yivanze, umuvuduko wa gazi ikora na gaze yo gutanga ifu igomba kugarukira kure hashoboka, kugirango bigabanye ingufu z’umuyaga. Gazi yo gukingira ikenera umuvuduko uhagije kugirango ikore neza. Kuberako ifu ya aliyumu ya plasma arc igaragara cyane cyane irashobora kwizana, nta gaze irinda ntishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yubuso, ariko nozzle iroroshye cyane kumeneka mumyanda yumusenyi wicyuma cyanduye. Nibyiza ingano yo gukwirakwiza ifu ya alloy yo kugaragara, biroroshye gushonga, ariko ifu nziza cyane biragoye kugera kubifu. Ifu yuzuye cyane ntabwo yoroshye gushonga, ariko kandi biroroshye kuguruka hanze yikibanza, kugirango ifu ibuze. Ingano ikwiye ni 0.06 kugeza 0.112mm (120 kugeza 230 mesh / ft). Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ifu ishonga muri nozzle bigatuma ibintu byacomeka, mu Bushinwa hakoreshwa kandi ifu nziza (40-120 mesh / ft) igaragara.